In this chapter we consider sets the elements of which are integers. By using integers as the universe rather than arbitrary objects, certain optimizations are possible. For example, we can use a bit-vector of length N to represent a set whose universe is . Of course, using integers as the universe does not preclude the use of more complex objects, provided there is a one-to-one mapping between those objects and the elements of the universal set.
A crucial requirement of any set representation scheme is that it supports the common set operations including union , intersection , and set difference . We also need to compare sets and, specifically, to determine whether a given set is a subset of another.