Any Method on the Chain can Catch

Any method in the chain of calling methods can catch the exception. The following is another way to organize the program:

public class BuckPassing
{

  public static void methodC() throws IOException
  {
     // Some I/O statements
  }

  public static void methodB() throws IOException
  {
     methodC();
  }

  public static void methodA()  
  {
     try
     {
       methodB();
     }
     catch ( IOException ex )
     {
       // statements to handle the exception
     }

  }

  public static void main ( String[] a )  
  {
     methodA();
  }

}

A method may handle some exceptions and throw others. Some of the exceptions it handles may originate in methods it calls, others may originate within itself. There may be as many try/catch/finally structures in a method as needed. The error handling logic of "industrial strength" programs can take up more lines of code than the "real" purpose of the program.

A method might throw several types of checked exceptions. Its throws clause looks like this:

throws ExceptionClass1, ExceptionClass2, ...

Listing unchecked exceptions in a throws clause is optional.