Response from Initial Conditions

The response of a state-space model to initial conditions, i.e., its initial state ${\underline{x}}(0)$ is given by, again using Eq. (E.1),

$$\underline{y}_x(n) = C A^{n-1}{\underline{x}}(0), \quad n=0,1,2,\ldots\,. \protect$$ (E.4)