R
- readInt method 
- java.io.DataInput interface, class file data type support by, 83 
 
 - readUnsignedByte method 
- java.io.DataInput interface, class file data type support by, 83 
 
 - readUnsignedShort method 
- java.io.DataInput interface, class file data type support by, 83 
 
 - recursion 
- controlling runaway
- Java stack size limit use for, 63 
 - native method stack size limit use for, 65 
 
 
 - reference(s) 
- field, constant pool resolution, 147 
 - final fields, 26 
 - method, constant pool resolution, 148 
 - symbolic, mapping to concrete values, constant pool resolution (chapter), 139 
 
 - reference type 
- branch if reference 
- comparison succeeds, if_acmpeq, 244 
 - comparison succeeds, if_acmpne, 244 
 - is null, ifnull, 250 
 - not null, ifnonnull, 249 
 
 - determining if an object is a particular 
- instanceof, 256 
 - instanceof_quick, 401 
 
 - Java Virtual Machine 
- data type, 57 
 - handling of, 58 
 
 - null, testing for, 80 
 - values, 9 
- components and, 61 
 
 
 - register 
- pc, 61 
 
 - remainder 
- double, drem, 192 
 - float, frem, 220 
 - int, irem, 271 
 - long, lrem, 303 
 
 - representation 
- internal, class names, 89 
 
 - reserved opcodes 
- breakpoint, 152 
 - impdep1, 152 
 - impdep2, 152 
 
 - resolution 
- constant pool, (chapter), 139 
 - lazy, term definition, 44 
 - overview, 41 
 - static, term definition, 44 
 - term definition, 45 
 - types of, 42 
 
 - resolveClass method 
- ClassLoader class, constant pool resolution of classes and interfaces loaded by, 145 
 
 - ret instruction, 329 
- See also astore instruction; astore_<n> instructions; jsr instruction; jsr_w instruction
 - constraints 
- static, 121 
 - structural, 124 
 
 - in Java Virtual Machine assembly language examples, compiling finally, 367, 369 
 - returnAddress type used by, 60 
 - try-finally clause implementation use, Sun's Java compiled code characteristics, 134 
 
 - retrieving 
- See accessing; loading
 
 - return 
- descriptor, syntax and meaning, 91 
 - from method 
- double value, dreturn, 194 
 - float value, freturn, 222 
 - int value, ireturn, 272 
 - long value, lreturn, 304 
 - void, return, 330 
 
 - from subroutine, ret, 329 
 - reference value, areturn, 163 
 - type, method, structural constraints on instructions, 123 
 
 - return instruction, 330 
- constraints, structural, 123 
 - in Java Virtual Machine assembly language examples 
- arrays, 357, 358 
 - catching exceptions, 363, 364, 365, 366 
 - compiling finally, 367, 368 
 - constants and local variables in a for loop, 341, 343, 345 
 - synchronization, 370 
 - throwing exceptions, 362, 363 
 - while loop, 348, 349 
 - working with class instances, 354, 356 
 
 
 - returnAddress type 
- characteristics and values, 60 
 - instance constraints, 124 
 - local variable constraints, 123 
 - term definition, 58 
 
 - right parentheses ) 
- method descriptor meaning, 91 
 
 - round-to-nearest 
- See also numeric
 - term definition, 8, 76 
 
 - round-towards-zero 
- See also numeric
 - in narrowing numeric conversions, 78 
 - term definition, 8, 76 
 
 - runFinalizersOnExit method 
- Java Virtual Machine exit role, 52 
 
 - runtime 
- class files verification issues, 124 
 - data areas 
- constant pool, 64 
 - heap, 63 
 - Java stack, 62 
 - method area, 63 
 - native method stacks, 65 
 - pc register, 61 
 
 - exceptions, NullPointerException, getfield, 226 
 - RuntimeException as Exception class direct subclass, 38 
 - type, as incorrect terminology, 13 
 
 - RuntimeException 
- as Throwable class direct subclass, 38 
 
 
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Java Virtual Machine Specification 
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