Subject: Non-monotonic Pulldown curves

From: [email-masked] (Jon Powell)
Date: Fri, 15 Apr 94 14:03:28 PDT

Hey guys,

Here is my report on non-montonic effects in CMOS
pulldown curves. I include the postscript file as
it has to many curves for Asciization (a least by
me).

Please feel free to let me know your feelings, especially
if you have counter examples/data.

If you need me to fax you a hard copy, please let me know.

[email-masked]

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% See Adobe's "PostScript Language Reference Manual, 2nd Edition", page 714.
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/inch {72 mul} def
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/E {lineto} bind def
/D {curveto} bind def
/O {closepath} bind def
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	x2 y2
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	clip
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	grestore
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	moveto 
	RF
	0 32 3 2 roll widthshow
	grestore
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	grestore
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	newpath
	normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
	dnormalize scale 
	0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
	closepath 
	PFill fill
	grestore
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    restorematrix
    currentlinewidth exch setlinewidth PStroke setlinewidth
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	savematrix
	normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
	dnormalize scale 
	0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
	closepath 
	clip newpath
	restorematrix
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	newpath
	normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
	rotate 
	dnormalize scale 
	0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
	closepath
	PFill
	fill
	grestore
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	newpath
    normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
    rotate 
    dnormalize scale 
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    closepath
	clip newpath
	restorematrix
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/GGstrk { 
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    normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
    rotate 
    dnormalize scale 
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    closepath 
	restorematrix
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	savematrix
	newpath
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	translate 
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	restorematrix
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	grestore
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	savematrix
	normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
	dnormalize scale 
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	closepath 
	strokepath clip newpath
	restorematrix
} bind def
/Astrk {
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} bind def
/AA { 
	gsave
	savematrix
	newpath
	
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	translate 
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	scale 
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	restorematrix
	PStroke
	grestore
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    rotate 
    dnormalize scale 
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	strokepath clip newpath
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/AAstrk {
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} bind def
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	/y FMLOCAL
	/w FMLOCAL
	/h FMLOCAL
	/xx FMLOCAL
	/yy FMLOCAL
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/BEGINPRINTCODE { 
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/ms { 
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400 ms 
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	bs 0 len getinterval im pos len getinterval copy pop
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/fl { 
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	/val cf s1 readhexstring pop 0 get def
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/hx { 
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	cf exch readhexstring pop pop 
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	/h FMLOCAL
	/w FMLOCAL
	/d FMLOCAL
	/lb FMLOCAL
	/bitmapsave FMLOCAL
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/wbytes { 
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/BEGINBITMAPBWc { 
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/BEGINBITMAPGRAYc { 
	8 {} COMMONBITMAPc
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/BEGINBITMAP2BITc { 
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/COMMONBITMAPc { 
		 
	/r exch def
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	gsave
	
	3 index 2 div add exch	
	4 index 2 div add exch	
	translate		
	rotate			
	1 index 2 div neg	
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	scale			
	/h exch def /w exch def
	/lb w d wbytes def 
	sl lb lt {lb ms} if 
	/bitmapsave save def 
	r                    
	/is im 0 lb getinterval def 
	ws 0 lb getinterval is copy pop 
	/cf currentfile def 
	w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
	{ip} image 
	bitmapsave restore 
	grestore
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/BEGINBITMAPBW { 
	1 {} COMMONBITMAP
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/BEGINBITMAPGRAY { 
	8 {} COMMONBITMAP
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/BEGINBITMAP2BIT { 
	2 {} COMMONBITMAP
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/COMMONBITMAP { 
	/r exch def
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	gsave
	
	3 index 2 div add exch	
	4 index 2 div add exch	
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	r                    
	/is w d wbytes string def
	/cf currentfile def 
	w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
	{cf is readhexstring pop} image
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/ngrayt 256 array def
/nredt 256 array def
/nbluet 256 array def
/ngreent 256 array def
	/gryt FMLOCAL
	/blut FMLOCAL
	/grnt FMLOCAL
	/redt FMLOCAL
	/indx FMLOCAL
	/cynu FMLOCAL
	/magu FMLOCAL
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(Measuring Pulldown Currents in CMOS devices) 72 35.33 T
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N
0 792 0 0 2 L
N
612 792 612 0 2 L
N
72 72 540 648 R
7 X
V
0 X
(1.  Measuring Pull-down Currents in CMOS devices) 72 640 T
(1.1.  Introduction) 72 602 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
2 F
(This application note addresses issues concerned with the measuring of PULLDOWN) 108 576 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(currents in CMOS transistors using various measure and subtraction techniques.) 108 562 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 F
(Figure 2:) 243.31 378 T
(T) 296.66 378 T
(est Fixture 1) 302.66 378 T
(Figure 3:) 243.31 195.18 T
(T) 296.66 195.18 T
(est Fixture 2) 302.66 195.18 T
72 394 540 538 C
78 394 534 538 C
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
3 12 Q
0 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(I) 294 504.18 T
3 9 Q
(d) 298.45 499.98 T
2 6 Q
(1) 303.29 497.43 T
7 X
90 450 18 18 90 245.08 486.18 GG
0.2 H
0 Z
0 X
90 450 18 18 90 245.08 486.18 AA
227.08 486.18 233 486.18 2 L
7 X
V
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0 X
N
233.08 477.18 233.08 495.18 2 L
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V
0 X
N
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7 X
V
0 X
N
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N
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N
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V
0 X
N
260.35 495.8 263.95 495.8 2 L
7 X
V
0 X
N
260.35 476.74 263.95 476.74 2 L
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N
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V
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N
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V
0 X
N
259.39 495.18 367.39 495.18 2 L
0.5 H
N
268.39 486.18 322.39 486.18 2 L
N
322.39 486.18 322.39 450.18 2 L
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N
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N
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0.2 H
1 Z
N
334.39 445.78 310.39 445.78 2 L
N
340.39 450.18 304.39 450.18 2 L
N
274.39 441.18 262.39 441.18 2 L
N
280.39 445.58 256.39 445.58 2 L
N
286.39 449.99 250.39 449.99 2 L
N
3 12 Q
(I) 330 468.43 T
3 9 Q
(b) 334.45 464.23 T
2 6 Q
(1) 339.29 461.68 T
3 12 Q
(I) 276.5 468.43 T
3 9 Q
(s) 280.95 464.23 T
2 6 Q
(1) 284.79 461.68 T
402 495.18 429 495.18 2 L
0.5 H
2 Z
N
429 495.18 429 450.18 2 L
N
435 441.18 423 441.18 2 L
0.2 H
1 Z
N
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N
447 449.99 411 449.99 2 L
N
2 10 Q
(Sweep1) 402 513.18 T
222 486.18 204 486.18 2 L
0.5 H
2 Z
N
90 450 18 18 177 459.18 A
204 486.18 177 486.18 2 L
N
177 486.18 177 477.18 2 L
N
(+5V) 168 459.18 T
177 441.18 177 432.18 2 L
N
183 423.18 171 423.18 2 L
0.2 H
1 Z
N
189 427.58 165 427.58 2 L
N
195 431.99 159 431.99 2 L
N
72 394 540 538 C
0 0 612 792 C
72 211.18 540 320 C
156 211.18 456 320 C
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
3 12 Q
0 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(I) 297 298.18 T
3 9 Q
(d) 301.45 293.98 T
2 6 Q
(2) 306.29 291.43 T
7 X
90 450 18 18 90 248.08 280.18 GG
0.2 H
0 Z
0 X
90 450 18 18 90 248.08 280.18 AA
230.08 280.18 236 280.18 2 L
7 X
V
2 Z
0 X
N
236.08 271.18 236.08 289.18 2 L
7 X
V
0 X
N
248.08 266.14 248.08 294.22 2 L
7 X
V
0 X
N
263.29 289.8 248.08 289.8 2 L
7 X
V
0 X
N
248.08 270.8 263.29 270.8 2 L
7 X
V
0 X
N
229.99 280.18 226.39 280.18 2 L
7 X
V
0 X
N
263.35 289.8 266.95 289.8 2 L
7 X
V
0 X
N
263.35 270.74 266.95 270.74 2 L
7 X
V
0 X
N
260.88 283.18 266.07 280.18 260.88 277.18 260.88 280.18 4 Y
V
248.26 280.18 260.88 280.18 2 L
7 X
V
0 X
N
266.15 280.17 269.76 280.17 2 L
7 X
V
0 X
N
262.39 289.18 370.39 289.18 2 L
0.5 H
N
271.39 280.18 325.39 280.18 2 L
N
325.39 280.18 325.39 244.18 2 L
N
262.39 271.18 271.39 271.18 2 L
N
271.39 271.18 271.39 244.18 2 L
N
90 450 18 18 388.39 289.18 A
386.89 292.36 397.39 298.18 391.57 287.68 389.23 290.02 4 Y
V
379.39 280.18 389.23 290.02 2 L
N
331.39 235.37 319.39 235.37 2 L
0.2 H
1 Z
N
337.39 239.78 313.39 239.78 2 L
N
343.39 244.18 307.39 244.18 2 L
N
277.39 235.18 265.39 235.18 2 L
N
283.39 239.58 259.39 239.58 2 L
N
289.39 243.99 253.39 243.99 2 L
N
3 12 Q
(I) 333 262.43 T
3 9 Q
(b) 337.45 258.23 T
2 6 Q
(2) 342.29 255.68 T
3 12 Q
(I) 279.5 262.43 T
3 9 Q
(s) 283.95 258.23 T
2 6 Q
(2) 287.79 255.68 T
405 289.18 432 289.18 2 L
0.5 H
2 Z
N
432 289.18 432 244.18 2 L
N
438 235.18 426 235.18 2 L
0.2 H
1 Z
N
444 239.58 420 239.58 2 L
N
450 243.99 414 243.99 2 L
N
2 10 Q
(Sweep2) 405 307.18 T
225 280.18 207 280.18 2 L
0.5 H
2 Z
N
90 450 18 18 180 253.18 A
207 280.18 180 280.18 2 L
N
180 280.18 180 271.18 2 L
N
(+0V) 171 253.18 T
180 235.18 180 226.18 2 L
N
186 217.18 174 217.18 2 L
0.2 H
1 Z
N
192 221.58 168 221.58 2 L
N
198 225.99 162 225.99 2 L
N
72 211.18 540 320 C
0 0 612 792 C
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "1" 1
%%Page: "2" 2
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
[0 0 0 1 0 0 0]
[ 0 1 1 0 1 0 0]
[ 1 0 1 0 0 1 0]
[ 1 1 0 0 0 0 1]
[ 1 0 0 0 0 1 1]
[ 0 1 0 0 1 0 1]
[ 0 0 1 0 1 1 0]
[ 0 0 0 0 1 1 1]
[ 0 0 0 1 0 0 0]
 9 FrameSetSepColors
FrameNoSep
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
72 748.8 540 768.6 R
7 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
V
0 11.2 Q
0 X
(METHOD 1) 72 755.24 T
72 18 540 54 R
7 X
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(Measuring Pulldown Currents in CMOS devices) 328.83 35.33 T
1 12 Q
(2) 72 23.33 T
0 10 Q
(April 15, 1994 2:01 pm) 439.39 23.33 T
72 765.96 539.67 765.96 2 L
1 H
2 Z
N
72 751.89 540 751.89 2 L
N
72.33 46 540 46 2 L
N
72 72 540 720 R
7 X
V
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
2 12 Q
0 X
(The intention is to separate the bulk diode currents from the actual pulldown currents to) 108 712 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(allow for true Shunt currents \050Bulk diode + ESD protection currents\051 to be specified. The) 108 698 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(planned approach is to measure) 108 684 T
(-) 277.59 684 T
( and this will be the desired I) 296.88 684 T
2 9.6 Q
(s) 435.86 681 T
2 12 Q
(. If you make this) 439.6 684 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(measurement using standard CMOS transistors in spice you get the I-V curve shown in) 108 670 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(Figure 4 on page 2.) 108 656 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
1 F
(4.2.  METHOD 1) 72 387.75 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
2 F
-0.45 (Please refer to TEST1 and TEST2 as defined in Figure 2 on page 1 and Figure 3 on page 1.) 108 361.75 P
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(According to current laws the following must be true:) 108 347.75 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(Therefore:) 108 249.75 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(Now) 108 151.75 T
( is assumed to be 0 so the subtraction would give us the desired Pulldown) 168.78 151.75 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(current \050as stated above\051 if and only if) 108 137.75 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 F
(Figure 4:) 195.46 432 T
(Drain Current Dif) 248.81 432 T
(ference) 338.6 432 T
(-) 397.25 432 T
262.3 673.75 277.59 694 C
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
3 12 Q
0 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(I) 263.3 684 T
3 9 Q
(d) 267.75 679.8 T
2 6 Q
(1) 272.59 677.25 T
0 0 612 792 C
281.59 673.75 296.88 694 C
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
3 12 Q
0 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(I) 282.59 684 T
3 9 Q
(d) 287.04 679.8 T
2 6 Q
(2) 291.88 677.25 T
0 0 612 792 C
72 450 540 632 C
114.63 450 497.37 632 C
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
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72 450 540 632 C
0 0 612 792 C
381.96 421.75 397.25 442 C
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
3 12 Q
0 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(I) 382.96 432 T
3 9 Q
(d) 387.41 427.8 T
2 6 Q
(1) 392.25 425.25 T
0 0 612 792 C
401.25 421.75 416.54 442 C
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
3 12 Q
0 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(I) 402.25 432 T
3 9 Q
(d) 406.7 427.8 T
2 6 Q
(2) 411.54 425.25 T
0 0 612 792 C
72 72 540 720 C
78 271.75 534 343.75 C
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
3 14 Q
0 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(I) 252.54 325.77 T
3 12 Q
(d) 257.74 319.67 T
2 8 Q
(1) 264.19 316.27 T
3 14 Q
(I) 305.95 325.77 T
3 12 Q
(s) 311.15 319.67 T
2 8 Q
(1) 316.27 316.27 T
3 14 Q
(I) 335.17 325.77 T
3 12 Q
(b) 340.36 319.67 T
2 8 Q
(1) 346.82 316.27 T
2 14 Q
(+) 323.77 325.77 T
4 F
(\350) 297.61 316.77 T
(\370) 351.46 316.77 T
(\346) 297.61 328.77 T
(\366) 351.46 328.77 T
2 F
(\320) 290.08 325.77 T
(=) 275.19 325.77 T
3 F
(I) 252.54 296.78 T
3 12 Q
(d) 257.74 290.68 T
2 8 Q
(2) 264.19 287.28 T
3 14 Q
(I) 305.95 296.78 T
3 12 Q
(s) 311.15 290.68 T
2 8 Q
(2) 316.27 287.28 T
3 14 Q
(I) 335.17 296.78 T
3 12 Q
(b) 340.36 290.68 T
2 8 Q
(2) 346.82 287.28 T
2 14 Q
(+) 323.77 296.78 T
4 F
(\350) 297.61 287.78 T
(\370) 351.46 287.78 T
(\346) 297.61 299.78 T
(\366) 351.46 299.78 T
2 F
(\320) 290.08 296.78 T
(=) 275.19 296.78 T
72 72 540 720 C
0 0 612 792 C
72 72 540 720 C
78 173.75 534 245.75 C
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
3 14 Q
0 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(I) 180.55 227.77 T
3 12 Q
(d) 185.74 221.67 T
2 8 Q
(1) 192.2 218.27 T
3 14 Q
(I) 210.2 227.77 T
3 12 Q
(d) 215.39 221.67 T
2 8 Q
(2) 221.85 218.27 T
2 14 Q
(\320) 199.7 227.77 T
3 F
(I) 271.95 227.77 T
3 12 Q
(s) 277.14 221.67 T
2 8 Q
(1) 282.27 218.27 T
3 14 Q
(I) 301.16 227.77 T
3 12 Q
(b) 306.35 221.67 T
2 8 Q
(1) 312.81 218.27 T
2 14 Q
(+) 289.77 227.77 T
4 F
(\350) 263.61 218.77 T
(\370) 317.45 218.77 T
(\346) 263.61 230.77 T
(\366) 317.45 230.77 T
2 F
(\320) 256.08 227.77 T
4 F
(\350) 247.73 218.77 T
(\370) 325.1 218.77 T
(\346) 247.73 230.77 T
(\366) 325.1 230.77 T
3 F
(I) 370.31 227.77 T
3 12 Q
(s) 375.5 221.67 T
2 8 Q
(2) 380.62 218.27 T
3 14 Q
(I) 399.52 227.77 T
3 12 Q
(b) 404.71 221.67 T
2 8 Q
(2) 411.17 218.27 T
2 14 Q
(+) 388.12 227.77 T
4 F
(\350) 361.96 218.77 T
(\370) 415.81 218.77 T
(\346) 361.96 230.77 T
(\366) 415.81 230.77 T
2 F
(\320) 354.43 227.77 T
4 F
(\350) 346.09 218.77 T
(\370) 423.45 218.77 T
(\346) 346.09 230.77 T
(\366) 423.45 230.77 T
2 F
(\320) 335.59 227.77 T
(=) 232.84 227.77 T
3 F
(I) 242.69 198.78 T
3 12 Q
(s) 247.89 192.68 T
2 8 Q
(1) 253.01 189.28 T
2 14 Q
(\320) 232.2 198.78 T
3 F
(I) 286.88 198.78 T
3 12 Q
(s) 292.08 192.68 T
2 8 Q
(2) 297.2 189.28 T
2 14 Q
(\320) 279.35 198.78 T
4 F
(\350) 271.01 189.78 T
(\370) 301.84 189.78 T
(\346) 271.01 201.78 T
(\366) 301.84 201.78 T
2 F
(\320) 260.51 198.78 T
4 F
(\350) 223.85 189.78 T
(\370) 309.48 189.78 T
(\346) 223.85 201.78 T
(\366) 309.48 201.78 T
2 F
(i) 327.81 198.78 T
(f) 331.7 198.78 T
(f) 336.36 198.78 T
3 F
(I) 348.85 198.78 T
3 12 Q
(b) 354.05 192.68 T
2 8 Q
(1) 360.5 189.28 T
2 14 Q
(=) 208.96 198.78 T
3 F
(I) 386.39 198.78 T
3 12 Q
(b) 391.58 192.68 T
2 8 Q
(2) 398.04 189.28 T
2 14 Q
(=) 371.5 198.78 T
72 72 540 720 C
0 0 612 792 C
134.33 141.5 168.78 161.75 C
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
3 12 Q
0 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(I) 148.93 151.75 T
3 9 Q
(s) 153.39 147.55 T
2 6 Q
(2) 157.23 145 T
2 12 Q
(\320) 142.48 151.75 T
4 F
(\050) 137.33 151.75 T
(\051) 160.78 151.75 T
0 0 612 792 C
293.95 127.5 340.3 147.75 C
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
3 12 Q
0 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(I) 294.95 137.75 T
3 9 Q
(b) 299.4 133.55 T
2 6 Q
(1) 304.24 131 T
3 12 Q
(I) 326.01 137.75 T
3 9 Q
(b) 330.46 133.55 T
2 6 Q
(2) 335.3 131 T
2 12 Q
(=) 313.24 137.75 T
0 0 612 792 C
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "2" 2
%%Page: "3" 3
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
[0 0 0 1 0 0 0]
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0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
72 748.77 540 768.57 R
7 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
V
0 11.2 Q
0 X
(METHOD 1) 72 755.2 T
72 18 540 54 R
7 X
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(Measuring Pulldown Currents in CMOS devices) 72 35.33 T
(April 15, 1994 2:01 pm) 72 23.33 T
1 12 Q
(3) 533.33 23.33 T
72.33 46 540 46 2 L
1 H
2 Z
N
72 765.96 539.67 765.96 2 L
N
72 751.89 540 751.89 2 L
N
72 72 540 720 R
7 X
V
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
2 F
0 X
-0.11 (In order for this subtraction method to be valid it must be true that the bulk diode currents) 108 712 P
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(are equal \050i.e.) 108 698 T
( =) 191.6 698 T
(\051. Figure 5 on page 3 shows) 219.66 698 T
(-) 370.94 698 T
(, note that the curve is not 0!) 390.23 698 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(If you subtract this non-0 difference from the original plot as:) 108 416.56 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 F
(Figure 5:) 200.45 457.81 T
(Bulk current dif) 253.8 457.81 T
(ference) 333.61 457.81 T
(-) 392.26 457.81 T
176.3 687.75 191.6 708 C
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
3 12 Q
0 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(I) 177.3 698 T
3 9 Q
(b) 181.76 693.8 T
2 6 Q
(1) 186.6 691.25 T
0 0 612 792 C
204.37 687.75 219.66 708 C
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
3 12 Q
0 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(I) 205.37 698 T
3 9 Q
(b) 209.82 693.8 T
2 6 Q
(2) 214.66 691.25 T
0 0 612 792 C
355.64 687.75 370.94 708 C
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
3 12 Q
0 X
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(I) 356.64 698 T
3 9 Q
(b) 361.1 693.8 T
2 6 Q
(1) 365.94 691.25 T
0 0 612 792 C
374.93 687.75 390.23 708 C
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
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(\320) 272.14 322.65 T
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0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
72 748.8 540 768.6 R
7 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
V
0 11.2 Q
0 X
(METHOD 2) 72 755.24 T
72 18 540 54 R
7 X
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(Measuring Pulldown Currents in CMOS devices) 328.83 35.33 T
1 12 Q
(4) 72 23.33 T
0 10 Q
(April 15, 1994 2:01 pm) 439.39 23.33 T
72 765.96 539.67 765.96 2 L
1 H
2 Z
N
72 751.89 540 751.89 2 L
N
72.33 46 540 46 2 L
N
72 72 540 720 R
7 X
V
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
2 12 Q
0 X
(You get the plot as shown in Figure 6 on page 4. This curve is identical to the SPICE) 108 712 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
-0.35 (measurement for the) 108 314 P
-0.35 ( curve of Test Fixture 1. \050which is also shown overlaid in Figure 6) 223.89 314 P
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(on page 4\051.) 108 300 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
-0.29 (Therefor the non-monotonicity of the pulldown curve seen in Figure 4 on page 2 is caused) 108 274 P
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(by an error in mathematics based on the inherent assumption that) 108 260 T
( =) 444.92 260 T
(.) 472.98 260 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
1 F
(6.3.  METHOD 2) 72 196 T
0 F
(NOTE:) 108 168 T
3 F
(This next method was suggest by an outside expert on CMOS cir) 162 168 T
(cuit) 471.2 168 T
-0.5 (design with whom the authors consulted. Although the existing physical) 162 154 P
(measur) 162 140 T
(ements ar) 196.88 140 T
(e not conclusive \050i.e., we have con\337icting data\051 this) 243.43 140 T
(information is included for completeness.) 162 126 T
0 F
(Figure 6:) 113.96 360 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
2 F
(Corrected VI curve for Pulldown) 167.31 360 T
(-) 344.23 360 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 F
(-\050) 366.52 360 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
2 F
(-) 389.8 360 T
(\051 overlaid with) 409.09 360 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
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(I) 210.1 314 T
3 9 Q
(s) 214.55 309.8 T
2 6 Q
(1) 218.39 307.25 T
0 0 612 792 C
429.62 249.75 444.92 270 C
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
3 12 Q
0 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(I) 430.62 260 T
3 9 Q
(b) 435.08 255.8 T
2 6 Q
(1) 439.92 253.25 T
0 0 612 792 C
457.68 249.75 472.98 270 C
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
3 12 Q
0 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(I) 458.69 260 T
3 9 Q
(b) 463.14 255.8 T
2 6 Q
(2) 467.98 253.25 T
0 0 612 792 C
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "4" 4
%%Page: "5" 5
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
[0 0 0 1 0 0 0]
[ 0 1 1 0 1 0 0]
[ 1 0 1 0 0 1 0]
[ 1 1 0 0 0 0 1]
[ 1 0 0 0 0 1 1]
[ 0 1 0 0 1 0 1]
[ 0 0 1 0 1 1 0]
[ 0 0 0 0 1 1 1]
[ 0 0 0 1 0 0 0]
 9 FrameSetSepColors
FrameNoSep
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
72 748.77 540 768.57 R
7 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
V
0 11.2 Q
0 X
(METHOD 2) 72 755.2 T
72 18 540 54 R
7 X
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(Measuring Pulldown Currents in CMOS devices) 72 35.33 T
(April 15, 1994 2:01 pm) 72 23.33 T
1 12 Q
(5) 533.33 23.33 T
72.33 46 540 46 2 L
1 H
2 Z
N
72 765.96 539.67 765.96 2 L
N
72 751.89 540 751.89 2 L
N
72 72 540 720 R
7 X
V
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
2 F
0 X
(One of the theoretical drawbacks with spice models is that they assume that the bulk) 108 712 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(resistance is 0. This can lead to the simulation of extremely large and unreasonable bulk) 108 698 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
-0.35 (and drain currents. The mathematical precision of floating point arithmetic will then cause) 108 684 P
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(errors when trying to subtract two large numbers \050we are trying to detect a 5 milliamp) 108 670 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
-0.54 (difference in two 1.0E+20 milliamp numbers\051.If you place a small \050but realistic\051 resistance) 108 656 P
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(in the bulk, you eliminate these huge currents and this allows the desired I) 108 642 T
2 9.6 Q
(s) 463.96 639 T
2 12 Q
( current to be) 467.69 642 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
-0.26 (seen Figure 7 on page 5 shows Test Fixture 1 with a 1 ohm bulk resistance \050NOTE: 1 ohm) 108 628 P
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
-0.25 (is very small. 100 ohms would be more realistic and show this effect even greater\051. Figure) 108 614 P
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(8 on page 6 shows Test Fixture 2 under the same conditions.) 108 600 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 F
(Figure 7:) 158.95 287 T
(IV curve of T) 212.3 287 T
(est Fixture 1 with bulk resistance) 278.99 287 T
72 303 540 576 C
72 303 540 576 C
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
90 0 0 612 792 270 401.13 164.57 240.44 FMBEGINEPSF
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108 182 L
S
N
104 190 M
108 190 L
S
N
[] 0 D
61 187 M
63 187 L
S
N
69 190 M
70 191 L
70 184 L
69 184 L
71 184 L
S
N
78 184 M
79 184 L
S
N
84 190 M
85 191 L
87 191 L
88 190 L
88 188 L
87 187 L
85 187 L
84 186 L
84 184 L
88 184 L
S
N
94 184 M
93 185 L
93 190 L
94 191 L
95 191 L
96 190 L
96 185 L
95 184 L
94 184 L
S
N
[.5 4] 0 D
567 190 M
104 190 L
S
N
[] 0 D
104 190 M
112 190 L
S
N
104 199 M
108 199 L
S
N
104 207 M
108 207 L
S
N
104 215 M
108 215 L
S
N
104 223 M
108 223 L
S
N
[] 0 D
69 220 M
71 220 L
S
N
77 223 M
78 224 L
78 217 L
77 217 L
79 217 L
S
N
86 217 M
87 217 L
S
N
94 217 M
93 218 L
93 223 L
94 224 L
95 224 L
96 223 L
96 218 L
95 217 L
94 217 L
S
N
[.5 4] 0 D
567 223 M
104 223 L
S
N
[] 0 D
104 223 M
112 223 L
S
N
104 231 M
108 231 L
S
N
104 239 M
108 239 L
S
N
104 248 M
108 248 L
S
N
104 256 M
108 256 L
S
N
[] 0 D
45 253 M
47 253 L
S
N
53 253 M
52 254 L
52 256 L
53 257 L
55 257 L
56 256 L
56 254 L
55 253 L
53 253 L
52 252 L
52 251 L
53 250 L
55 250 L
56 251 L
56 252 L
55 253 L
S
N
62 250 M
61 251 L
61 256 L
62 257 L
63 257 L
64 256 L
64 251 L
63 250 L
62 250 L
S
N
70 250 M
69 251 L
69 256 L
70 257 L
71 257 L
72 256 L
72 251 L
71 250 L
70 250 L
S
N
78 250 M
79 250 L
S
N
86 250 M
85 251 L
85 256 L
86 257 L
87 257 L
88 256 L
88 251 L
87 250 L
86 250 L
S
N
92 250 M
92 257 L
94 253 L
96 257 L
96 250 L
S
N
[.5 4] 0 D
567 256 M
104 256 L
S
N
[] 0 D
104 256 M
112 256 L
S
N
104 264 M
108 264 L
S
N
104 272 M
108 272 L
S
N
104 280 M
108 280 L
S
N
104 289 M
108 289 L
S
N
[] 0 D
45 286 M
47 286 L
S
N
56 289 M
55 290 L
53 290 L
52 289 L
52 284 L
53 283 L
55 283 L
56 284 L
56 285 L
55 286 L
53 286 L
52 285 L
S
N
62 283 M
61 284 L
61 289 L
62 290 L
63 290 L
64 289 L
64 284 L
63 283 L
62 283 L
S
N
70 283 M
69 284 L
69 289 L
70 290 L
71 290 L
72 289 L
72 284 L
71 283 L
70 283 L
S
N
78 283 M
79 283 L
S
N
86 283 M
85 284 L
85 289 L
86 290 L
87 290 L
88 289 L
88 284 L
87 283 L
86 283 L
S
N
92 283 M
92 290 L
94 286 L
96 290 L
96 283 L
S
N
[.5 4] 0 D
567 289 M
104 289 L
S
N
[] 0 D
104 289 M
112 289 L
S
N
104 297 M
108 297 L
S
N
104 305 M
108 305 L
S
N
104 313 M
108 313 L
S
N
104 321 M
108 321 L
S
N
[] 0 D
45 318 M
47 318 L
S
N
53 322 M
52 318 L
56 318 L
S
N
55 322 M
55 315 L
S
N
62 315 M
61 316 L
61 321 L
62 322 L
63 322 L
64 321 L
64 316 L
63 315 L
62 315 L
S
N
70 315 M
69 316 L
69 321 L
70 322 L
71 322 L
72 321 L
72 316 L
71 315 L
70 315 L
S
N
78 315 M
79 315 L
S
N
86 315 M
85 316 L
85 321 L
86 322 L
87 322 L
88 321 L
88 316 L
87 315 L
86 315 L
S
N
92 315 M
92 322 L
94 318 L
96 322 L
96 315 L
S
N
[.5 4] 0 D
567 321 M
104 321 L
S
N
[] 0 D
104 321 M
112 321 L
S
N
104 329 M
108 329 L
S
N
104 338 M
108 338 L
S
N
104 346 M
108 346 L
S
N
104 354 M
108 354 L
S
N
[] 0 D
45 351 M
47 351 L
S
N
52 354 M
53 355 L
55 355 L
56 354 L
56 352 L
55 351 L
53 351 L
52 350 L
52 348 L
56 348 L
S
N
62 348 M
61 349 L
61 354 L
62 355 L
63 355 L
64 354 L
64 349 L
63 348 L
62 348 L
S
N
70 348 M
69 349 L
69 354 L
70 355 L
71 355 L
72 354 L
72 349 L
71 348 L
70 348 L
S
N
78 348 M
79 348 L
S
N
86 348 M
85 349 L
85 354 L
86 355 L
87 355 L
88 354 L
88 349 L
87 348 L
86 348 L
S
N
92 348 M
92 355 L
94 351 L
96 355 L
96 348 L
S
N
[.5 4] 0 D
567 354 M
104 354 L
S
N
[] 0 D
104 354 M
112 354 L
S
N
104 362 M
108 362 L
S
N
104 370 M
108 370 L
S
N
104 379 M
108 379 L
S
N
104 387 M
108 387 L
S
N
[] 0 D
86 381 M
85 382 L
85 387 L
86 388 L
87 388 L
88 387 L
88 382 L
87 381 L
86 381 L
S
N
94 381 M
95 381 L
S
N
[.5 4] 0 D
567 387 M
104 387 L
S
N
[] 0 D
104 387 M
112 387 L
S
N
104 395 M
108 395 L
S
N
104 403 M
108 403 L
S
N
104 411 M
108 411 L
S
N
104 419 M
108 419 L
S
N
[] 0 D
52 419 M
53 420 L
55 420 L
56 419 L
56 417 L
55 416 L
53 416 L
52 415 L
52 413 L
56 413 L
S
N
62 413 M
61 414 L
61 419 L
62 420 L
63 420 L
64 419 L
64 414 L
63 413 L
62 413 L
S
N
70 413 M
69 414 L
69 419 L
70 420 L
71 420 L
72 419 L
72 414 L
71 413 L
70 413 L
S
N
78 413 M
79 413 L
S
N
86 413 M
85 414 L
85 419 L
86 420 L
87 420 L
88 419 L
88 414 L
87 413 L
86 413 L
S
N
92 413 M
92 420 L
94 416 L
96 420 L
96 413 L
S
N
[.5 4] 0 D
567 419 M
104 419 L
S
N
[] 0 D
104 419 M
112 419 L
S
N
104 428 M
108 428 L
S
N
104 436 M
108 436 L
S
N
104 444 M
108 444 L
S
N
104 452 M
108 452 L
S
N
[] 0 D
53 453 M
52 449 L
56 449 L
S
N
55 453 M
55 446 L
S
N
62 446 M
61 447 L
61 452 L
62 453 L
63 453 L
64 452 L
64 447 L
63 446 L
62 446 L
S
N
70 446 M
69 447 L
69 452 L
70 453 L
71 453 L
72 452 L
72 447 L
71 446 L
70 446 L
S
N
78 446 M
79 446 L
S
N
86 446 M
85 447 L
85 452 L
86 453 L
87 453 L
88 452 L
88 447 L
87 446 L
86 446 L
S
N
92 446 M
92 453 L
94 449 L
96 453 L
96 446 L
S
N
[.5 4] 0 D
567 452 M
104 452 L
S
N
[] 0 D
104 452 M
112 452 L
S
N
104 460 M
108 460 L
S
N
104 469 M
108 469 L
S
N
104 469 M
108 469 L
S
N
104 469 M
108 469 L
S
N
567 60 M
563 60 L
S
N
567 60 M
563 60 L
S
N
567 60 M
563 60 L
S
N
567 60 M
563 60 L
S
N
567 60 M
559 60 L
S
N
567 68 M
563 68 L
S
N
567 76 M
563 76 L
S
N
567 84 M
563 84 L
S
N
567 92 M
563 92 L
S
N
567 92 M
559 92 L
S
N
567 100 M
563 100 L
S
N
567 109 M
563 109 L
S
N
567 117 M
563 117 L
S
N
567 125 M
563 125 L
S
N
567 125 M
559 125 L
S
N
567 133 M
563 133 L
S
N
567 141 M
563 141 L
S
N
567 149 M
563 149 L
S
N
567 158 M
563 158 L
S
N
567 158 M
559 158 L
S
N
567 166 M
563 166 L
S
N
567 174 M
563 174 L
S
N
567 182 M
563 182 L
S
N
567 190 M
563 190 L
S
N
567 190 M
559 190 L
S
N
567 199 M
563 199 L
S
N
567 207 M
563 207 L
S
N
567 215 M
563 215 L
S
N
567 223 M
563 223 L
S
N
567 223 M
559 223 L
S
N
567 231 M
563 231 L
S
N
567 239 M
563 239 L
S
N
567 248 M
563 248 L
S
N
567 256 M
563 256 L
S
N
567 256 M
559 256 L
S
N
567 264 M
563 264 L
S
N
567 272 M
563 272 L
S
N
567 280 M
563 280 L
S
N
567 289 M
563 289 L
S
N
567 289 M
559 289 L
S
N
567 297 M
563 297 L
S
N
567 305 M
563 305 L
S
N
567 313 M
563 313 L
S
N
567 321 M
563 321 L
S
N
567 321 M
559 321 L
S
N
567 329 M
563 329 L
S
N
567 338 M
563 338 L
S
N
567 346 M
563 346 L
S
N
567 354 M
563 354 L
S
N
567 354 M
559 354 L
S
N
567 362 M
563 362 L
S
N
567 370 M
563 370 L
S
N
567 379 M
563 379 L
S
N
567 387 M
563 387 L
S
N
567 387 M
559 387 L
S
N
567 395 M
563 395 L
S
N
567 403 M
563 403 L
S
N
567 411 M
563 411 L
S
N
567 419 M
563 419 L
S
N
567 419 M
559 419 L
S
N
567 428 M
563 428 L
S
N
567 436 M
563 436 L
S
N
567 444 M
563 444 L
S
N
567 452 M
563 452 L
S
N
567 452 M
559 452 L
S
N
567 460 M
563 460 L
S
N
567 469 M
563 469 L
S
N
567 469 M
563 469 L
S
N
567 469 M
563 469 L
S
N
584 467 M
588 460 L
S
N
584 460 M
588 467 L
S
N
592 467 M
596 460 L
S
N
592 460 M
596 467 L
S
N
600 467 M
604 460 L
S
N
600 460 M
604 467 L
S
N
608 467 M
612 460 L
S
N
608 460 M
612 467 L
S
N
618 460 M
619 460 L
S
N
626 460 M
626 467 L
624 467 L
628 467 L
S
N
632 460 M
632 467 L
635 467 L
636 466 L
636 464 L
635 463 L
632 463 L
634 463 L
636 460 L
S
N
642 460 M
641 461 L
641 466 L
642 467 L
643 467 L
644 466 L
644 461 L
643 460 L
642 460 L
S
N
585 450 M
587 450 L
586 450 L
586 457 L
585 457 L
587 457 L
S
N
595 457 M
594 457 L
593 456 L
593 451 L
594 450 L
595 450 L
S
N
600 457 M
602 450 L
604 457 L
S
N
608 450 M
608 457 L
611 457 L
612 456 L
612 451 L
611 450 L
608 450 L
S
N
617 456 M
618 457 L
618 450 L
617 450 L
619 450 L
S
N
576 441 M
580 448 L
583 441 L
576 441 L
S
N
580 445 M
663 445 L
S
N
184 60 M
184 62 L
185 64 L
185 67 L
185 70 L
186 73 L
186 76 L
187 78 L
187 81 L
188 84 L
188 87 L
189 89 L
189 92 L
190 95 L
190 98 L
191 101 L
191 103 L
191 106 L
192 109 L
192 112 L
193 114 L
193 117 L
194 120 L
194 123 L
195 126 L
195 128 L
196 131 L
196 134 L
197 137 L
197 139 L
197 142 L
198 145 L
198 148 L
199 151 L
199 153 L
200 156 L
200 159 L
201 162 L
201 164 L
202 167 L
202 170 L
203 173 L
203 176 L
204 178 L
204 181 L
204 184 L
205 187 L
205 190 L
206 192 L
206 195 L
207 198 L
207 201 L
208 203 L
208 206 L
209 209 L
209 212 L
210 215 L
210 217 L
210 220 L
211 223 L
211 226 L
212 228 L
212 231 L
213 234 L
213 237 L
214 240 L
214 242 L
215 245 L
215 248 L
216 251 L
216 253 L
216 256 L
217 259 L
217 262 L
218 264 L
218 267 L
219 270 L
219 273 L
220 275 L
220 278 L
221 281 L
221 284 L
222 286 L
222 289 L
222 292 L
223 295 L
223 297 L
224 300 L
224 303 L
225 305 L
225 308 L
226 311 L
226 313 L
227 316 L
227 319 L
228 321 L
228 324 L
229 327 L
229 329 L
229 332 L
230 334 L
230 337 L
231 339 L
231 342 L
232 344 L
232 346 L
233 349 L
233 351 L
234 353 L
234 355 L
235 356 L
235 358 L
235 359 L
236 360 L
236 361 L
237 362 L
237 363 L
238 363 L
238 364 L
239 365 L
240 366 L
241 367 L
241 368 L
242 368 L
242 369 L
243 369 L
243 370 L
244 370 L
244 371 L
245 371 L
245 372 L
246 372 L
246 373 L
247 373 L
247 374 L
248 375 L
249 376 L
250 377 L
250 378 L
251 378 L
251 379 L
252 379 L
252 380 L
253 380 L
253 381 L
254 381 L
254 382 L
254 383 L
255 383 L
255 384 L
256 384 L
256 385 L
257 385 L
257 386 L
258 387 L
259 388 L
260 389 L
260 390 L
261 390 L
261 391 L
262 392 L
263 393 L
264 394 L
265 395 L
266 396 L
266 397 L
267 397 L
267 398 L
268 398 L
268 399 L
269 399 L
269 400 L
270 400 L
270 401 L
271 401 L
271 402 L
272 402 L
272 403 L
273 403 L
273 404 L
274 404 L
274 405 L
275 405 L
275 406 L
276 406 L
276 407 L
277 407 L
278 408 L
279 409 L
279 410 L
280 410 L
281 411 L
282 412 L
283 412 L
283 413 L
284 413 L
285 414 L
285 415 L
286 415 L
287 416 L
288 416 L
S
N
288 416 M
288 417 L
289 417 L
290 418 L
291 418 L
291 419 L
292 419 L
292 420 L
293 420 L
294 421 L
295 421 L
295 422 L
296 422 L
297 423 L
298 423 L
298 424 L
299 424 L
300 425 L
301 425 L
302 426 L
303 426 L
304 427 L
305 427 L
305 428 L
306 428 L
307 428 L
307 429 L
308 429 L
309 429 L
309 430 L
310 430 L
311 430 L
311 431 L
312 431 L
313 431 L
314 432 L
315 432 L
316 432 L
316 433 L
317 433 L
318 433 L
318 434 L
319 434 L
320 434 L
321 434 L
321 435 L
322 435 L
323 435 L
324 435 L
324 436 L
325 436 L
326 436 L
327 436 L
328 437 L
329 437 L
330 437 L
331 437 L
331 438 L
332 438 L
333 438 L
334 438 L
335 438 L
335 439 L
336 439 L
337 439 L
338 439 L
339 439 L
340 439 L
341 440 L
342 440 L
343 440 L
344 440 L
345 440 L
346 440 L
347 440 L
348 440 L
349 441 L
350 441 L
351 441 L
352 441 L
353 441 L
354 441 L
355 441 L
356 441 L
357 441 L
358 441 L
359 441 L
360 441 L
361 441 L
362 441 L
363 441 L
364 441 L
365 442 L
366 442 L
367 442 L
368 442 L
369 442 L
370 442 L
371 442 L
372 442 L
373 442 L
374 442 L
375 442 L
376 442 L
377 442 L
378 442 L
379 442 L
380 442 L
381 442 L
381 443 L
382 443 L
383 443 L
384 443 L
385 443 L
386 443 L
387 443 L
388 443 L
389 443 L
390 443 L
391 443 L
392 443 L
393 443 L
394 443 L
395 443 L
396 443 L
397 443 L
398 444 L
399 444 L
400 444 L
401 444 L
402 444 L
403 444 L
404 444 L
405 444 L
406 444 L
407 444 L
408 444 L
409 444 L
410 444 L
411 444 L
412 444 L
413 444 L
414 444 L
414 445 L
415 445 L
416 445 L
417 445 L
418 445 L
419 445 L
420 445 L
421 445 L
422 445 L
423 445 L
424 445 L
425 445 L
426 445 L
427 445 L
428 445 L
429 445 L
430 445 L
430 446 L
431 446 L
432 446 L
433 446 L
434 446 L
435 446 L
436 446 L
437 446 L
438 446 L
439 446 L
440 446 L
441 446 L
442 446 L
443 446 L
444 446 L
445 446 L
446 446 L
447 447 L
448 447 L
449 447 L
450 447 L
451 447 L
452 447 L
453 447 L
454 447 L
455 447 L
456 447 L
457 447 L
458 447 L
459 447 L
460 447 L
461 447 L
462 447 L
462 448 L
463 448 L
464 448 L
465 448 L
466 448 L
467 448 L
468 448 L
469 448 L
S
N
469 448 M
470 448 L
471 448 L
472 448 L
473 448 L
474 448 L
475 448 L
476 448 L
477 448 L
478 448 L
478 449 L
479 449 L
480 449 L
481 449 L
482 449 L
483 449 L
484 449 L
485 449 L
486 449 L
487 449 L
488 449 L
489 449 L
490 449 L
491 449 L
492 449 L
493 449 L
494 450 L
495 450 L
496 450 L
497 450 L
498 450 L
499 450 L
500 450 L
501 450 L
502 450 L
503 450 L
504 450 L
505 450 L
506 450 L
507 450 L
508 450 L
509 450 L
510 451 L
511 451 L
512 451 L
513 451 L
514 451 L
515 451 L
516 451 L
517 451 L
518 451 L
519 451 L
520 451 L
521 451 L
522 451 L
523 451 L
524 451 L
525 452 L
526 452 L
527 452 L
528 452 L
529 452 L
530 452 L
531 452 L
532 452 L
533 452 L
534 452 L
535 452 L
536 452 L
537 452 L
538 452 L
539 452 L
540 452 L
540 453 L
541 453 L
542 453 L
543 453 L
544 453 L
545 453 L
546 453 L
547 453 L
548 453 L
549 453 L
550 453 L
551 453 L
552 453 L
553 453 L
554 453 L
555 454 L
556 454 L
557 454 L
558 454 L
559 454 L
560 454 L
561 454 L
562 454 L
563 454 L
564 454 L
565 454 L
S
N
565 454 M
566 454 L
567 454 L
S
N
563 450 M
567 457 L
570 450 L
563 450 L
S
N
585 430 M
587 430 L
586 430 L
586 437 L
585 437 L
587 437 L
S
N
595 437 M
594 437 L
593 436 L
593 431 L
594 430 L
595 430 L
S
N
600 437 M
602 430 L
604 437 L
S
N
612 436 M
611 437 L
609 437 L
608 436 L
608 434 L
609 433 L
611 433 L
612 432 L
612 431 L
611 430 L
609 430 L
608 431 L
S
N
617 436 M
618 437 L
618 430 L
617 430 L
619 430 L
S
N
576 421 M
576 428 L
583 428 L
583 421 L
576 421 L
S
N
[15 3] 0 D
580 425 M
663 425 L
S
N
104 260 M
104 261 L
105 261 L
106 262 L
107 262 L
108 263 L
109 263 L
109 264 L
110 264 L
111 265 L
112 265 L
112 266 L
113 266 L
114 266 L
114 267 L
115 267 L
116 268 L
117 268 L
117 269 L
118 269 L
119 270 L
120 270 L
120 271 L
121 271 L
122 271 L
122 272 L
123 272 L
123 273 L
124 273 L
125 274 L
126 274 L
127 275 L
128 275 L
128 276 L
129 276 L
129 277 L
130 277 L
131 277 L
131 278 L
132 278 L
133 279 L
134 279 L
134 280 L
135 280 L
135 281 L
136 281 L
137 281 L
137 282 L
138 282 L
139 283 L
140 283 L
140 284 L
141 284 L
141 285 L
142 285 L
143 285 L
143 286 L
144 286 L
145 287 L
146 287 L
146 288 L
147 288 L
147 289 L
148 289 L
149 290 L
150 290 L
150 291 L
151 291 L
152 292 L
153 292 L
154 293 L
155 294 L
156 294 L
156 295 L
157 295 L
158 296 L
159 296 L
159 297 L
160 297 L
160 298 L
161 298 L
162 299 L
163 299 L
163 300 L
164 300 L
165 301 L
166 301 L
166 302 L
167 302 L
167 303 L
168 303 L
169 304 L
170 304 L
170 305 L
171 305 L
172 306 L
173 307 L
174 308 L
175 308 L
175 309 L
176 309 L
177 310 L
178 310 L
178 311 L
179 311 L
179 312 L
180 312 L
181 313 L
182 314 L
183 314 L
183 315 L
184 315 L
185 316 L
186 317 L
187 317 L
187 318 L
188 318 L
188 319 L
189 319 L
190 320 L
191 320 L
191 321 L
192 322 L
193 322 L
193 323 L
194 323 L
195 324 L
196 325 L
197 325 L
197 326 L
198 326 L
198 327 L
199 327 L
199 328 L
200 328 L
201 329 L
202 330 L
203 330 L
203 331 L
204 331 L
204 332 L
205 332 L
205 333 L
206 333 L
206 334 L
207 334 L
208 335 L
209 336 L
210 336 L
210 337 L
211 338 L
212 338 L
212 339 L
213 339 L
213 340 L
214 340 L
215 341 L
216 342 L
216 343 L
217 343 L
218 344 L
219 345 L
220 346 L
221 346 L
221 347 L
222 347 L
222 348 L
223 349 L
224 350 L
225 350 L
225 351 L
226 351 L
226 352 L
227 352 L
227 353 L
228 353 L
228 354 L
229 354 L
229 355 L
230 355 L
230 356 L
231 356 L
231 357 L
232 357 L
232 358 L
233 358 L
233 359 L
234 359 L
234 360 L
235 360 L
235 361 L
236 362 L
237 363 L
238 364 L
239 365 L
240 366 L
241 367 L
241 368 L
242 368 L
242 369 L
243 369 L
S
N
243 369 M
243 370 L
244 370 L
244 371 L
245 371 L
245 372 L
246 372 L
246 373 L
247 373 L
247 374 L
248 375 L
249 376 L
250 377 L
250 378 L
251 378 L
251 379 L
252 379 L
252 380 L
253 380 L
253 381 L
254 381 L
254 382 L
254 383 L
255 383 L
255 384 L
256 384 L
256 385 L
257 385 L
257 386 L
258 387 L
259 388 L
260 389 L
260 390 L
261 390 L
261 391 L
262 392 L
263 393 L
264 394 L
265 395 L
266 396 L
266 397 L
267 397 L
267 398 L
268 398 L
268 399 L
269 399 L
269 400 L
270 400 L
270 401 L
271 401 L
271 402 L
272 402 L
272 403 L
273 403 L
273 404 L
274 404 L
274 405 L
275 405 L
275 406 L
276 406 L
276 407 L
277 407 L
278 408 L
279 409 L
279 410 L
280 410 L
281 411 L
282 412 L
283 412 L
283 413 L
284 413 L
285 414 L
285 415 L
286 415 L
287 416 L
288 416 L
288 417 L
289 417 L
290 418 L
291 418 L
291 419 L
292 419 L
292 420 L
293 420 L
294 421 L
295 421 L
295 422 L
296 422 L
297 423 L
298 423 L
298 424 L
299 424 L
300 425 L
301 425 L
302 426 L
303 426 L
304 427 L
305 427 L
305 428 L
306 428 L
307 428 L
307 429 L
308 429 L
309 429 L
309 430 L
310 430 L
311 430 L
311 431 L
312 431 L
313 431 L
314 432 L
315 432 L
316 432 L
316 433 L
317 433 L
318 433 L
318 434 L
319 434 L
320 434 L
321 434 L
321 435 L
322 435 L
323 435 L
324 435 L
324 436 L
325 436 L
326 436 L
327 436 L
328 437 L
329 437 L
330 437 L
331 437 L
331 438 L
332 438 L
333 438 L
334 438 L
335 438 L
335 439 L
336 439 L
337 439 L
338 439 L
339 439 L
340 439 L
341 440 L
342 440 L
343 440 L
344 440 L
345 440 L
346 440 L
347 440 L
348 440 L
349 441 L
350 441 L
351 441 L
352 441 L
353 441 L
354 441 L
355 441 L
356 441 L
357 441 L
358 441 L
359 441 L
360 441 L
361 441 L
362 441 L
363 441 L
364 441 L
365 442 L
366 442 L
367 442 L
368 442 L
369 442 L
370 442 L
371 442 L
372 442 L
373 442 L
374 442 L
375 442 L
376 442 L
377 442 L
378 442 L
379 442 L
380 442 L
381 442 L
381 443 L
382 443 L
383 443 L
384 443 L
385 443 L
386 443 L
387 443 L
388 443 L
389 443 L
390 443 L
391 443 L
392 443 L
393 443 L
394 443 L
395 443 L
396 443 L
397 443 L
S
N
397 443 M
398 444 L
399 444 L
400 444 L
401 444 L
402 444 L
403 444 L
404 444 L
405 444 L
406 444 L
407 444 L
408 444 L
409 444 L
410 444 L
411 444 L
412 444 L
413 444 L
414 444 L
414 445 L
415 445 L
416 445 L
417 445 L
418 445 L
419 445 L
420 445 L
421 445 L
422 445 L
423 445 L
424 445 L
425 445 L
426 445 L
427 445 L
428 445 L
429 445 L
430 445 L
430 446 L
431 446 L
432 446 L
433 446 L
434 446 L
435 446 L
436 446 L
437 446 L
438 446 L
439 446 L
440 446 L
441 446 L
442 446 L
443 446 L
444 446 L
445 446 L
446 446 L
447 447 L
448 447 L
449 447 L
450 447 L
451 447 L
452 447 L
453 447 L
454 447 L
455 447 L
456 447 L
457 447 L
458 447 L
459 447 L
460 447 L
461 447 L
462 447 L
462 448 L
463 448 L
464 448 L
465 448 L
466 448 L
467 448 L
468 448 L
469 448 L
470 448 L
471 448 L
472 448 L
473 448 L
474 448 L
475 448 L
476 448 L
477 448 L
478 448 L
478 449 L
479 449 L
480 449 L
481 449 L
482 449 L
483 449 L
484 449 L
485 449 L
486 449 L
487 449 L
488 449 L
489 449 L
490 449 L
491 449 L
492 449 L
493 449 L
494 450 L
495 450 L
496 450 L
497 450 L
498 450 L
499 450 L
500 450 L
501 450 L
502 450 L
503 450 L
504 450 L
505 450 L
506 450 L
507 450 L
508 450 L
509 450 L
510 451 L
511 451 L
512 451 L
513 451 L
514 451 L
515 451 L
516 451 L
517 451 L
518 451 L
519 451 L
520 451 L
521 451 L
522 451 L
523 451 L
524 451 L
525 452 L
526 452 L
527 452 L
528 452 L
529 452 L
530 452 L
531 452 L
532 452 L
533 452 L
534 452 L
535 452 L
536 452 L
537 452 L
538 452 L
539 452 L
540 452 L
540 453 L
541 453 L
542 453 L
543 453 L
544 453 L
545 453 L
546 453 L
547 453 L
548 453 L
549 453 L
550 453 L
551 453 L
552 453 L
553 453 L
554 453 L
555 454 L
556 454 L
557 454 L
558 454 L
559 454 L
560 454 L
561 454 L
562 454 L
563 454 L
564 454 L
565 454 L
S
N
565 454 M
566 454 L
567 454 L
S
N
[] 0 D
563 450 M
563 457 L
570 457 L
570 450 L
563 450 L
S
N
585 410 M
587 410 L
586 410 L
586 417 L
585 417 L
587 417 L
S
N
595 417 M
594 417 L
593 416 L
593 411 L
594 410 L
595 410 L
S
N
600 417 M
602 410 L
604 417 L
S
N
608 410 M
608 417 L
611 417 L
612 416 L
612 414 L
611 413 L
608 413 L
611 413 L
612 412 L
612 411 L
611 410 L
608 410 L
S
N
617 416 M
618 417 L
618 410 L
617 410 L
619 410 L
S
N
576 405 M
578 408 L
581 408 L
583 405 L
581 401 L
578 401 L
576 405 L
S
N
[10 3 1 3] 0 D
580 405 M
663 405 L
S
N
170 60 M
171 63 L
171 65 L
172 68 L
172 70 L
172 73 L
173 75 L
173 77 L
174 80 L
174 82 L
175 85 L
175 87 L
176 90 L
176 92 L
177 94 L
177 97 L
178 99 L
178 102 L
179 104 L
179 106 L
179 109 L
180 111 L
180 114 L
181 116 L
181 119 L
182 121 L
182 123 L
183 126 L
183 128 L
184 131 L
184 133 L
185 135 L
185 138 L
185 140 L
186 143 L
186 145 L
187 148 L
187 150 L
188 152 L
188 155 L
189 157 L
189 160 L
190 162 L
190 164 L
191 167 L
191 169 L
191 172 L
192 174 L
192 176 L
193 179 L
193 181 L
194 184 L
194 186 L
195 188 L
195 191 L
196 193 L
196 196 L
197 198 L
197 200 L
197 203 L
198 205 L
198 208 L
199 210 L
199 212 L
200 215 L
200 217 L
201 220 L
201 222 L
202 224 L
202 227 L
203 229 L
203 232 L
204 234 L
204 236 L
204 239 L
205 241 L
205 244 L
206 246 L
206 248 L
207 251 L
207 253 L
208 255 L
208 258 L
209 260 L
209 263 L
210 265 L
210 267 L
210 270 L
211 272 L
211 274 L
212 277 L
212 279 L
213 281 L
213 284 L
214 286 L
214 289 L
215 291 L
215 293 L
216 296 L
216 298 L
216 300 L
217 303 L
217 305 L
218 307 L
218 310 L
219 312 L
219 314 L
220 317 L
220 319 L
221 321 L
221 324 L
222 326 L
222 328 L
222 330 L
223 333 L
223 335 L
224 337 L
224 339 L
225 342 L
225 344 L
226 346 L
226 348 L
227 351 L
227 353 L
228 355 L
228 357 L
229 359 L
229 361 L
229 363 L
230 366 L
230 368 L
231 370 L
231 372 L
232 373 L
232 375 L
233 377 L
233 379 L
234 380 L
234 382 L
235 383 L
235 384 L
235 385 L
236 385 L
236 386 L
237 386 L
238 387 L
239 387 L
240 387 L
241 387 L
242 387 L
243 387 L
244 387 L
245 387 L
246 387 L
247 387 L
248 387 L
249 387 L
250 387 L
251 387 L
252 387 L
253 387 L
254 387 L
255 387 L
256 387 L
257 387 L
258 387 L
259 387 L
260 387 L
261 387 L
262 387 L
263 387 L
264 387 L
265 387 L
266 387 L
267 387 L
268 387 L
269 387 L
270 387 L
271 387 L
272 387 L
273 387 L
274 387 L
275 387 L
276 387 L
277 387 L
278 387 L
279 387 L
280 387 L
281 387 L
282 387 L
283 387 L
284 387 L
285 387 L
286 387 L
287 387 L
288 387 L
289 387 L
290 387 L
291 387 L
292 387 L
293 387 L
S
N
293 387 M
294 387 L
295 387 L
296 387 L
297 387 L
298 387 L
299 387 L
300 387 L
301 387 L
302 387 L
303 387 L
304 387 L
305 387 L
306 387 L
307 387 L
308 387 L
309 387 L
310 387 L
311 387 L
312 387 L
313 387 L
314 387 L
315 387 L
316 387 L
317 387 L
318 387 L
319 387 L
320 387 L
321 387 L
322 387 L
323 387 L
324 387 L
325 387 L
326 387 L
327 387 L
328 387 L
329 387 L
330 387 L
331 387 L
332 387 L
333 387 L
334 387 L
335 387 L
336 387 L
337 387 L
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340 387 L
341 387 L
342 387 L
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344 387 L
345 387 L
346 387 L
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350 387 L
351 387 L
352 387 L
353 387 L
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355 387 L
356 387 L
357 387 L
358 387 L
359 387 L
360 387 L
361 387 L
362 387 L
363 387 L
364 387 L
365 387 L
366 387 L
367 387 L
368 387 L
369 387 L
370 387 L
371 387 L
372 387 L
373 387 L
374 387 L
375 387 L
376 387 L
377 387 L
378 387 L
379 387 L
380 387 L
381 387 L
382 387 L
383 387 L
384 387 L
385 387 L
386 387 L
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390 387 L
391 387 L
392 387 L
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395 387 L
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402 387 L
403 387 L
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407 387 L
408 387 L
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414 387 L
415 387 L
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419 387 L
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425 387 L
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429 387 L
430 387 L
431 387 L
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435 387 L
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464 387 L
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475 387 L
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481 387 L
482 387 L
483 387 L
484 387 L
485 387 L
486 387 L
487 387 L
488 387 L
489 387 L
490 387 L
491 387 L
492 387 L
493 387 L
S
N
493 387 M
494 387 L
495 387 L
496 387 L
497 387 L
498 387 L
499 387 L
500 387 L
501 387 L
502 387 L
503 387 L
504 387 L
505 387 L
506 387 L
507 387 L
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511 387 L
512 387 L
513 387 L
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529 387 L
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531 387 L
532 387 L
533 387 L
534 387 L
535 387 L
536 387 L
537 387 L
538 387 L
539 387 L
540 387 L
541 387 L
542 387 L
543 387 L
544 387 L
545 387 L
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547 387 L
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552 387 L
553 387 L
554 387 L
555 387 L
556 387 L
557 387 L
558 387 L
559 387 L
560 387 L
561 387 L
562 387 L
563 387 L
564 387 L
565 387 L
S
N
565 387 M
566 387 L
567 387 L
S
N
[] 0 D
563 387 M
565 390 L
568 390 L
570 387 L
568 383 L
565 383 L
563 387 L
S
0 0 M
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0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
72 748.8 540 768.6 R
7 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
V
0 11.2 Q
0 X
(METHOD 2) 72 755.24 T
72 18 540 54 R
7 X
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(Measuring Pulldown Currents in CMOS devices) 328.83 35.33 T
1 12 Q
(6) 72 23.33 T
0 10 Q
(April 15, 1994 2:01 pm) 439.39 23.33 T
72 765.96 539.67 765.96 2 L
1 H
2 Z
N
72 751.89 540 751.89 2 L
N
72.33 46 540 46 2 L
N
72 72 540 720 R
7 X
V
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
2 12 Q
0 X
(Under these conditions the Bulk currents differences can be neglected and the) 144 393 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 F
(Figure 8:) 162.28 425 T
(IV curve of test \336xture 2 with bulk resistance) 215.63 425 T
72 441 540 720 C
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N
[] 0 D
60 490 M
56 490 L
56 497 L
60 497 L
S
N
56 493 M
58 493 L
S
N
64 490 M
64 497 L
68 490 L
68 497 L
S
N
72 490 M
72 497 L
72 493 L
76 493 L
76 490 L
76 497 L
S
N
80 490 M
80 493 L
81 497 L
83 497 L
84 493 L
84 490 L
S
N
80 492 M
84 492 L
S
N
88 490 M
88 497 L
92 490 L
92 497 L
S
N
100 491 M
99 490 L
97 490 L
96 491 L
96 496 L
97 497 L
99 497 L
100 496 L
S
N
108 490 M
104 490 L
104 497 L
108 497 L
S
N
104 493 M
106 493 L
S
N
112 490 M
112 497 L
115 497 L
116 496 L
116 491 L
115 490 L
112 490 L
S
N
128 497 M
128 490 L
132 490 L
S
N
137 490 M
136 491 L
136 496 L
137 497 L
139 497 L
140 496 L
140 491 L
139 490 L
137 490 L
S
N
144 497 M
145 490 L
146 497 L
147 490 L
148 497 L
S
N
153 493 M
155 493 L
S
N
164 496 M
163 497 L
161 497 L
160 496 L
160 494 L
161 493 L
163 493 L
164 492 L
164 491 L
163 490 L
161 490 L
160 491 L
S
N
170 490 M
170 497 L
168 497 L
172 497 L
S
N
176 490 M
176 493 L
177 497 L
179 497 L
180 493 L
180 490 L
S
N
176 492 M
180 492 L
S
N
186 490 M
186 497 L
184 497 L
188 497 L
S
N
196 490 M
192 490 L
192 497 L
196 497 L
S
N
192 493 M
194 493 L
S
N
208 497 M
210 490 L
212 497 L
S
N
216 490 M
220 497 L
S
N
225 490 M
227 490 L
226 490 L
226 497 L
225 497 L
227 497 L
S
N
240 490 M
240 497 L
243 497 L
244 496 L
244 494 L
243 493 L
240 493 L
S
N
248 497 M
248 490 L
252 490 L
S
N
257 490 M
256 491 L
256 496 L
257 497 L
259 497 L
260 496 L
260 491 L
259 490 L
257 490 L
S
N
266 490 M
266 497 L
264 497 L
268 497 L
S
N
274 490 M
273 489 L
S
N
289 490 M
291 490 L
290 490 L
290 497 L
289 497 L
291 497 L
S
N
296 490 M
296 497 L
300 490 L
300 497 L
S
N
308 491 M
307 490 L
305 490 L
304 491 L
304 496 L
305 497 L
307 497 L
308 496 L
S
N
312 497 M
312 490 L
316 490 L
S
N
320 497 M
320 491 L
321 490 L
323 490 L
324 491 L
324 497 L
S
N
328 490 M
328 497 L
331 497 L
332 496 L
332 491 L
331 490 L
328 490 L
S
N
337 490 M
339 490 L
338 490 L
338 497 L
337 497 L
339 497 L
S
N
344 490 M
344 497 L
348 490 L
348 497 L
S
N
356 496 M
355 497 L
353 497 L
352 496 L
352 491 L
353 490 L
355 490 L
356 491 L
356 493 L
354 493 L
354 492 L
S
N
369 496 M
370 497 L
370 490 L
369 490 L
371 490 L
S
N
378 490 M
379 490 L
S
N
386 490 M
385 491 L
385 496 L
386 497 L
387 497 L
388 496 L
388 491 L
387 490 L
386 490 L
S
N
401 490 M
400 491 L
400 496 L
401 497 L
403 497 L
404 496 L
404 491 L
403 490 L
401 490 L
S
N
408 490 M
408 497 L
408 493 L
412 493 L
412 490 L
412 497 L
S
N
416 490 M
416 497 L
418 493 L
420 497 L
420 490 L
S
N
428 496 M
427 497 L
425 497 L
424 496 L
424 494 L
425 493 L
427 493 L
428 492 L
428 491 L
427 490 L
425 490 L
424 491 L
S
N
444 496 M
443 497 L
441 497 L
440 496 L
440 494 L
441 493 L
443 493 L
444 492 L
444 491 L
443 490 L
441 490 L
440 491 L
S
N
448 497 M
448 491 L
449 490 L
451 490 L
452 491 L
452 497 L
S
N
456 490 M
456 497 L
459 497 L
460 496 L
460 494 L
459 493 L
456 493 L
459 493 L
460 492 L
460 491 L
459 490 L
456 490 L
S
N
468 496 M
467 497 L
465 497 L
464 496 L
464 494 L
465 493 L
467 493 L
468 492 L
468 491 L
467 490 L
465 490 L
464 491 L
S
N
474 490 M
474 497 L
472 497 L
476 497 L
S
N
480 490 M
480 497 L
483 497 L
484 496 L
484 494 L
483 493 L
480 493 L
482 493 L
484 490 L
S
N
488 490 M
488 493 L
489 497 L
491 497 L
492 493 L
492 490 L
S
N
488 492 M
492 492 L
S
N
498 490 M
498 497 L
496 497 L
500 497 L
S
N
508 490 M
504 490 L
504 497 L
508 497 L
S
N
504 493 M
506 493 L
S
N
520 490 M
520 497 L
523 497 L
524 496 L
524 494 L
523 493 L
520 493 L
522 493 L
524 490 L
S
N
532 490 M
528 490 L
528 497 L
532 497 L
S
N
528 493 M
530 493 L
S
N
540 496 M
539 497 L
537 497 L
536 496 L
536 494 L
537 493 L
539 493 L
540 492 L
540 491 L
539 490 L
537 490 L
536 491 L
S
N
545 490 M
547 490 L
546 490 L
546 497 L
545 497 L
547 497 L
S
N
556 496 M
555 497 L
553 497 L
552 496 L
552 494 L
553 493 L
555 493 L
556 492 L
556 491 L
555 490 L
553 490 L
552 491 L
S
N
562 490 M
562 497 L
560 497 L
564 497 L
S
N
568 490 M
568 493 L
569 497 L
571 497 L
572 493 L
572 490 L
S
N
568 492 M
572 492 L
S
N
576 490 M
576 497 L
580 490 L
580 497 L
S
N
588 491 M
587 490 L
585 490 L
584 491 L
584 496 L
585 497 L
587 497 L
588 496 L
S
N
596 490 M
592 490 L
592 497 L
596 497 L
S
N
592 493 M
594 493 L
S
N
273 487 M
272 483 L
276 483 L
S
N
275 487 M
275 480 L
S
N
281 483 M
283 483 L
S
N
288 480 M
288 483 L
289 487 L
291 487 L
292 483 L
292 480 L
S
N
288 482 M
292 482 L
S
N
296 480 M
296 487 L
299 487 L
300 486 L
300 484 L
299 483 L
296 483 L
S
N
304 480 M
304 487 L
307 487 L
308 486 L
308 484 L
307 483 L
304 483 L
306 483 L
308 480 L
S
N
312 481 M
313 480 L
315 480 L
316 481 L
316 486 L
315 487 L
313 487 L
312 486 L
312 484 L
313 483 L
315 483 L
316 484 L
S
N
321 487 M
320 483 L
324 483 L
S
N
323 487 M
323 480 L
S
N
337 486 M
338 487 L
338 480 L
337 480 L
339 480 L
S
N
344 481 M
345 480 L
347 480 L
348 481 L
348 486 L
347 487 L
345 487 L
344 486 L
344 484 L
345 483 L
347 483 L
348 484 L
S
N
354 481 M
354 482 L
S
N
354 484 M
354 486 L
S
N
361 487 M
360 483 L
364 483 L
S
N
363 487 M
363 480 L
S
N
369 483 M
368 484 L
368 486 L
369 487 L
371 487 L
372 486 L
372 484 L
371 483 L
369 483 L
368 482 L
368 481 L
369 480 L
371 480 L
372 481 L
372 482 L
371 483 L
S
N
378 481 M
378 482 L
S
N
378 484 M
378 486 L
S
N
388 487 M
384 487 L
384 483 L
385 484 L
387 484 L
388 483 L
388 481 L
387 480 L
385 480 L
384 481 L
S
N
392 481 M
393 480 L
395 480 L
396 481 L
396 486 L
395 487 L
393 487 L
392 486 L
392 484 L
393 483 L
395 483 L
396 484 L
S
N
[] 0 D
98 40 M
97 41 L
97 46 L
98 47 L
99 47 L
100 46 L
100 41 L
99 40 L
98 40 L
S
N
106 40 M
107 40 L
S
N
536 46 M
537 47 L
537 40 L
536 40 L
538 40 L
S
N
545 40 M
544 41 L
544 46 L
545 47 L
546 47 L
547 46 L
547 41 L
546 40 L
545 40 L
S
N
553 40 M
552 41 L
552 46 L
553 47 L
554 47 L
555 46 L
555 41 L
554 40 L
553 40 L
S
N
561 40 M
562 40 L
S
N
569 40 M
568 41 L
568 46 L
569 47 L
570 47 L
571 46 L
571 41 L
570 40 L
569 40 L
S
N
575 40 M
575 47 L
577 43 L
579 47 L
579 40 L
S
N
290 40 M
290 47 L
288 47 L
292 47 L
S
N
297 40 M
299 40 L
298 40 L
298 47 L
297 47 L
299 47 L
S
N
304 40 M
304 47 L
306 43 L
308 47 L
308 40 L
S
N
316 40 M
312 40 L
312 47 L
316 47 L
S
N
312 43 M
314 43 L
S
N
331 47 M
330 47 L
329 46 L
329 41 L
330 40 L
331 40 L
S
N
336 47 M
336 40 L
340 40 L
S
N
345 40 M
347 40 L
346 40 L
346 47 L
345 47 L
347 47 L
S
N
352 40 M
352 47 L
356 40 L
356 47 L
S
N
361 47 M
362 47 L
363 46 L
363 41 L
362 40 L
361 40 L
S
N
[] 0 D
127 60 M
127 64 L
S
N
150 60 M
150 64 L
S
N
173 60 M
173 64 L
S
N
196 60 M
196 64 L
S
N
[] 0 D
188 56 M
189 57 L
191 57 L
192 56 L
192 54 L
191 53 L
189 53 L
188 52 L
188 50 L
192 50 L
S
N
198 50 M
197 51 L
197 56 L
198 57 L
199 57 L
200 56 L
200 51 L
199 50 L
198 50 L
S
N
206 50 M
207 50 L
S
N
214 50 M
213 51 L
213 56 L
214 57 L
215 57 L
216 56 L
216 51 L
215 50 L
214 50 L
S
N
220 50 M
220 57 L
222 53 L
224 57 L
224 50 L
S
N
[.5 4] 0 D
196 469 M
196 60 L
S
N
[] 0 D
196 60 M
196 68 L
S
N
219 60 M
219 64 L
S
N
242 60 M
242 64 L
S
N
266 60 M
266 64 L
S
N
289 60 M
289 64 L
S
N
[] 0 D
282 57 M
281 53 L
285 53 L
S
N
284 57 M
284 50 L
S
N
291 50 M
290 51 L
290 56 L
291 57 L
292 57 L
293 56 L
293 51 L
292 50 L
291 50 L
S
N
299 50 M
300 50 L
S
N
307 50 M
306 51 L
306 56 L
307 57 L
308 57 L
309 56 L
309 51 L
308 50 L
307 50 L
S
N
313 50 M
313 57 L
315 53 L
317 57 L
317 50 L
S
N
[.5 4] 0 D
289 469 M
289 60 L
S
N
[] 0 D
289 60 M
289 68 L
S
N
312 60 M
312 64 L
S
N
335 60 M
335 64 L
S
N
358 60 M
358 64 L
S
N
381 60 M
381 64 L
S
N
[] 0 D
377 56 M
376 57 L
374 57 L
373 56 L
373 51 L
374 50 L
376 50 L
377 51 L
377 52 L
376 53 L
374 53 L
373 52 L
S
N
383 50 M
382 51 L
382 56 L
383 57 L
384 57 L
385 56 L
385 51 L
384 50 L
383 50 L
S
N
391 50 M
392 50 L
S
N
399 50 M
398 51 L
398 56 L
399 57 L
400 57 L
401 56 L
401 51 L
400 50 L
399 50 L
S
N
405 50 M
405 57 L
407 53 L
409 57 L
409 50 L
S
N
[.5 4] 0 D
381 469 M
381 60 L
S
N
[] 0 D
381 60 M
381 68 L
S
N
404 60 M
404 64 L
S
N
428 60 M
428 64 L
S
N
451 60 M
451 64 L
S
N
474 60 M
474 64 L
S
N
[] 0 D
467 53 M
466 54 L
466 56 L
467 57 L
469 57 L
470 56 L
470 54 L
469 53 L
467 53 L
466 52 L
466 51 L
467 50 L
469 50 L
470 51 L
470 52 L
469 53 L
S
N
476 50 M
475 51 L
475 56 L
476 57 L
477 57 L
478 56 L
478 51 L
477 50 L
476 50 L
S
N
484 50 M
485 50 L
S
N
492 50 M
491 51 L
491 56 L
492 57 L
493 57 L
494 56 L
494 51 L
493 50 L
492 50 L
S
N
498 50 M
498 57 L
500 53 L
502 57 L
502 50 L
S
N
[.5 4] 0 D
474 469 M
474 60 L
S
N
[] 0 D
474 60 M
474 68 L
S
N
497 60 M
497 64 L
S
N
520 60 M
520 64 L
S
N
543 60 M
543 64 L
S
N
567 60 M
567 64 L
S
N
[] 0 D
560 56 M
561 57 L
561 50 L
560 50 L
562 50 L
S
N
569 50 M
568 51 L
568 56 L
569 57 L
570 57 L
571 56 L
571 51 L
570 50 L
569 50 L
S
N
577 50 M
576 51 L
576 56 L
577 57 L
578 57 L
579 56 L
579 51 L
578 50 L
577 50 L
S
N
585 50 M
586 50 L
S
N
593 50 M
592 51 L
592 56 L
593 57 L
594 57 L
595 56 L
595 51 L
594 50 L
593 50 L
S
N
599 50 M
599 57 L
601 53 L
603 57 L
603 50 L
S
N
[.5 4] 0 D
567 469 M
567 60 L
S
N
[] 0 D
567 60 M
567 68 L
S
N
567 60 M
567 64 L
S
N
567 60 M
567 64 L
S
N
567 60 M
567 64 L
S
N
567 60 M
567 64 L
S
N
16 310 M
16 313 L
17 317 L
19 317 L
20 313 L
20 310 L
S
N
16 312 M
20 312 L
S
N
16 300 M
16 307 L
18 303 L
20 307 L
20 300 L
S
N
16 290 M
16 297 L
19 297 L
20 296 L
20 294 L
19 293 L
16 293 L
S
N
16 277 M
16 270 L
20 270 L
S
N
17 260 M
19 260 L
18 260 L
18 267 L
17 267 L
19 267 L
S
N
16 250 M
16 257 L
20 250 L
20 257 L
S
N
104 60 M
108 60 L
S
N
104 60 M
108 60 L
S
N
104 60 M
108 60 L
S
N
104 60 M
108 60 L
S
N
[] 0 D
69 57 M
71 57 L
S
N
76 60 M
77 61 L
79 61 L
80 60 L
80 58 L
79 57 L
77 57 L
76 56 L
76 54 L
80 54 L
S
N
86 54 M
87 54 L
S
N
94 54 M
93 55 L
93 60 L
94 61 L
95 61 L
96 60 L
96 55 L
95 54 L
94 54 L
S
N
[.5 4] 0 D
567 60 M
104 60 L
S
N
[] 0 D
104 60 M
112 60 L
S
N
104 68 M
108 68 L
S
N
104 76 M
108 76 L
S
N
104 84 M
108 84 L
S
N
104 92 M
108 92 L
S
N
[] 0 D
61 89 M
63 89 L
S
N
69 92 M
70 93 L
70 86 L
69 86 L
71 86 L
S
N
78 86 M
79 86 L
S
N
85 89 M
84 90 L
84 92 L
85 93 L
87 93 L
88 92 L
88 90 L
87 89 L
85 89 L
84 88 L
84 87 L
85 86 L
87 86 L
88 87 L
88 88 L
87 89 L
S
N
94 86 M
93 87 L
93 92 L
94 93 L
95 93 L
96 92 L
96 87 L
95 86 L
94 86 L
S
N
[.5 4] 0 D
567 92 M
104 92 L
S
N
[] 0 D
104 92 M
112 92 L
S
N
104 100 M
108 100 L
S
N
104 109 M
108 109 L
S
N
104 117 M
108 117 L
S
N
104 125 M
108 125 L
S
N
[] 0 D
61 122 M
63 122 L
S
N
69 125 M
70 126 L
70 119 L
69 119 L
71 119 L
S
N
78 119 M
79 119 L
S
N
88 125 M
87 126 L
85 126 L
84 125 L
84 120 L
85 119 L
87 119 L
88 120 L
88 121 L
87 122 L
85 122 L
84 121 L
S
N
94 119 M
93 120 L
93 125 L
94 126 L
95 126 L
96 125 L
96 120 L
95 119 L
94 119 L
S
N
[.5 4] 0 D
567 125 M
104 125 L
S
N
[] 0 D
104 125 M
112 125 L
S
N
104 133 M
108 133 L
S
N
104 141 M
108 141 L
S
N
104 149 M
108 149 L
S
N
104 158 M
108 158 L
S
N
[] 0 D
61 155 M
63 155 L
S
N
69 158 M
70 159 L
70 152 L
69 152 L
71 152 L
S
N
78 152 M
79 152 L
S
N
85 159 M
84 155 L
88 155 L
S
N
87 159 M
87 152 L
S
N
94 152 M
93 153 L
93 158 L
94 159 L
95 159 L
96 158 L
96 153 L
95 152 L
94 152 L
S
N
[.5 4] 0 D
567 158 M
104 158 L
S
N
[] 0 D
104 158 M
112 158 L
S
N
104 166 M
108 166 L
S
N
104 174 M
108 174 L
S
N
104 182 M
108 182 L
S
N
104 190 M
108 190 L
S
N
[] 0 D
61 187 M
63 187 L
S
N
69 190 M
70 191 L
70 184 L
69 184 L
71 184 L
S
N
78 184 M
79 184 L
S
N
84 190 M
85 191 L
87 191 L
88 190 L
88 188 L
87 187 L
85 187 L
84 186 L
84 184 L
88 184 L
S
N
94 184 M
93 185 L
93 190 L
94 191 L
95 191 L
96 190 L
96 185 L
95 184 L
94 184 L
S
N
[.5 4] 0 D
567 190 M
104 190 L
S
N
[] 0 D
104 190 M
112 190 L
S
N
104 199 M
108 199 L
S
N
104 207 M
108 207 L
S
N
104 215 M
108 215 L
S
N
104 223 M
108 223 L
S
N
[] 0 D
69 220 M
71 220 L
S
N
77 223 M
78 224 L
78 217 L
77 217 L
79 217 L
S
N
86 217 M
87 217 L
S
N
94 217 M
93 218 L
93 223 L
94 224 L
95 224 L
96 223 L
96 218 L
95 217 L
94 217 L
S
N
[.5 4] 0 D
567 223 M
104 223 L
S
N
[] 0 D
104 223 M
112 223 L
S
N
104 231 M
108 231 L
S
N
104 239 M
108 239 L
S
N
104 248 M
108 248 L
S
N
104 256 M
108 256 L
S
N
[] 0 D
45 253 M
47 253 L
S
N
53 253 M
52 254 L
52 256 L
53 257 L
55 257 L
56 256 L
56 254 L
55 253 L
53 253 L
52 252 L
52 251 L
53 250 L
55 250 L
56 251 L
56 252 L
55 253 L
S
N
62 250 M
61 251 L
61 256 L
62 257 L
63 257 L
64 256 L
64 251 L
63 250 L
62 250 L
S
N
70 250 M
69 251 L
69 256 L
70 257 L
71 257 L
72 256 L
72 251 L
71 250 L
70 250 L
S
N
78 250 M
79 250 L
S
N
86 250 M
85 251 L
85 256 L
86 257 L
87 257 L
88 256 L
88 251 L
87 250 L
86 250 L
S
N
92 250 M
92 257 L
94 253 L
96 257 L
96 250 L
S
N
[.5 4] 0 D
567 256 M
104 256 L
S
N
[] 0 D
104 256 M
112 256 L
S
N
104 264 M
108 264 L
S
N
104 272 M
108 272 L
S
N
104 280 M
108 280 L
S
N
104 289 M
108 289 L
S
N
[] 0 D
45 286 M
47 286 L
S
N
56 289 M
55 290 L
53 290 L
52 289 L
52 284 L
53 283 L
55 283 L
56 284 L
56 285 L
55 286 L
53 286 L
52 285 L
S
N
62 283 M
61 284 L
61 289 L
62 290 L
63 290 L
64 289 L
64 284 L
63 283 L
62 283 L
S
N
70 283 M
69 284 L
69 289 L
70 290 L
71 290 L
72 289 L
72 284 L
71 283 L
70 283 L
S
N
78 283 M
79 283 L
S
N
86 283 M
85 284 L
85 289 L
86 290 L
87 290 L
88 289 L
88 284 L
87 283 L
86 283 L
S
N
92 283 M
92 290 L
94 286 L
96 290 L
96 283 L
S
N
[.5 4] 0 D
567 289 M
104 289 L
S
N
[] 0 D
104 289 M
112 289 L
S
N
104 297 M
108 297 L
S
N
104 305 M
108 305 L
S
N
104 313 M
108 313 L
S
N
104 321 M
108 321 L
S
N
[] 0 D
45 318 M
47 318 L
S
N
53 322 M
52 318 L
56 318 L
S
N
55 322 M
55 315 L
S
N
62 315 M
61 316 L
61 321 L
62 322 L
63 322 L
64 321 L
64 316 L
63 315 L
62 315 L
S
N
70 315 M
69 316 L
69 321 L
70 322 L
71 322 L
72 321 L
72 316 L
71 315 L
70 315 L
S
N
78 315 M
79 315 L
S
N
86 315 M
85 316 L
85 321 L
86 322 L
87 322 L
88 321 L
88 316 L
87 315 L
86 315 L
S
N
92 315 M
92 322 L
94 318 L
96 322 L
96 315 L
S
N
[.5 4] 0 D
567 321 M
104 321 L
S
N
[] 0 D
104 321 M
112 321 L
S
N
104 329 M
108 329 L
S
N
104 338 M
108 338 L
S
N
104 346 M
108 346 L
S
N
104 354 M
108 354 L
S
N
[] 0 D
45 351 M
47 351 L
S
N
52 354 M
53 355 L
55 355 L
56 354 L
56 352 L
55 351 L
53 351 L
52 350 L
52 348 L
56 348 L
S
N
62 348 M
61 349 L
61 354 L
62 355 L
63 355 L
64 354 L
64 349 L
63 348 L
62 348 L
S
N
70 348 M
69 349 L
69 354 L
70 355 L
71 355 L
72 354 L
72 349 L
71 348 L
70 348 L
S
N
78 348 M
79 348 L
S
N
86 348 M
85 349 L
85 354 L
86 355 L
87 355 L
88 354 L
88 349 L
87 348 L
86 348 L
S
N
92 348 M
92 355 L
94 351 L
96 355 L
96 348 L
S
N
[.5 4] 0 D
567 354 M
104 354 L
S
N
[] 0 D
104 354 M
112 354 L
S
N
104 362 M
108 362 L
S
N
104 370 M
108 370 L
S
N
104 379 M
108 379 L
S
N
104 387 M
108 387 L
S
N
[] 0 D
86 381 M
85 382 L
85 387 L
86 388 L
87 388 L
88 387 L
88 382 L
87 381 L
86 381 L
S
N
94 381 M
95 381 L
S
N
[.5 4] 0 D
567 387 M
104 387 L
S
N
[] 0 D
104 387 M
112 387 L
S
N
104 395 M
108 395 L
S
N
104 403 M
108 403 L
S
N
104 411 M
108 411 L
S
N
104 419 M
108 419 L
S
N
[] 0 D
52 419 M
53 420 L
55 420 L
56 419 L
56 417 L
55 416 L
53 416 L
52 415 L
52 413 L
56 413 L
S
N
62 413 M
61 414 L
61 419 L
62 420 L
63 420 L
64 419 L
64 414 L
63 413 L
62 413 L
S
N
70 413 M
69 414 L
69 419 L
70 420 L
71 420 L
72 419 L
72 414 L
71 413 L
70 413 L
S
N
78 413 M
79 413 L
S
N
86 413 M
85 414 L
85 419 L
86 420 L
87 420 L
88 419 L
88 414 L
87 413 L
86 413 L
S
N
92 413 M
92 420 L
94 416 L
96 420 L
96 413 L
S
N
[.5 4] 0 D
567 419 M
104 419 L
S
N
[] 0 D
104 419 M
112 419 L
S
N
104 428 M
108 428 L
S
N
104 436 M
108 436 L
S
N
104 444 M
108 444 L
S
N
104 452 M
108 452 L
S
N
[] 0 D
53 453 M
52 449 L
56 449 L
S
N
55 453 M
55 446 L
S
N
62 446 M
61 447 L
61 452 L
62 453 L
63 453 L
64 452 L
64 447 L
63 446 L
62 446 L
S
N
70 446 M
69 447 L
69 452 L
70 453 L
71 453 L
72 452 L
72 447 L
71 446 L
70 446 L
S
N
78 446 M
79 446 L
S
N
86 446 M
85 447 L
85 452 L
86 453 L
87 453 L
88 452 L
88 447 L
87 446 L
86 446 L
S
N
92 446 M
92 453 L
94 449 L
96 453 L
96 446 L
S
N
[.5 4] 0 D
567 452 M
104 452 L
S
N
[] 0 D
104 452 M
112 452 L
S
N
104 460 M
108 460 L
S
N
104 469 M
108 469 L
S
N
104 469 M
108 469 L
S
N
104 469 M
108 469 L
S
N
567 60 M
563 60 L
S
N
567 60 M
563 60 L
S
N
567 60 M
563 60 L
S
N
567 60 M
563 60 L
S
N
567 60 M
559 60 L
S
N
567 68 M
563 68 L
S
N
567 76 M
563 76 L
S
N
567 84 M
563 84 L
S
N
567 92 M
563 92 L
S
N
567 92 M
559 92 L
S
N
567 100 M
563 100 L
S
N
567 109 M
563 109 L
S
N
567 117 M
563 117 L
S
N
567 125 M
563 125 L
S
N
567 125 M
559 125 L
S
N
567 133 M
563 133 L
S
N
567 141 M
563 141 L
S
N
567 149 M
563 149 L
S
N
567 158 M
563 158 L
S
N
567 158 M
559 158 L
S
N
567 166 M
563 166 L
S
N
567 174 M
563 174 L
S
N
567 182 M
563 182 L
S
N
567 190 M
563 190 L
S
N
567 190 M
559 190 L
S
N
567 199 M
563 199 L
S
N
567 207 M
563 207 L
S
N
567 215 M
563 215 L
S
N
567 223 M
563 223 L
S
N
567 223 M
559 223 L
S
N
567 231 M
563 231 L
S
N
567 239 M
563 239 L
S
N
567 248 M
563 248 L
S
N
567 256 M
563 256 L
S
N
567 256 M
559 256 L
S
N
567 264 M
563 264 L
S
N
567 272 M
563 272 L
S
N
567 280 M
563 280 L
S
N
567 289 M
563 289 L
S
N
567 289 M
559 289 L
S
N
567 297 M
563 297 L
S
N
567 305 M
563 305 L
S
N
567 313 M
563 313 L
S
N
567 321 M
563 321 L
S
N
567 321 M
559 321 L
S
N
567 329 M
563 329 L
S
N
567 338 M
563 338 L
S
N
567 346 M
563 346 L
S
N
567 354 M
563 354 L
S
N
567 354 M
559 354 L
S
N
567 362 M
563 362 L
S
N
567 370 M
563 370 L
S
N
567 379 M
563 379 L
S
N
567 387 M
563 387 L
S
N
567 387 M
559 387 L
S
N
567 395 M
563 395 L
S
N
567 403 M
563 403 L
S
N
567 411 M
563 411 L
S
N
567 419 M
563 419 L
S
N
567 419 M
559 419 L
S
N
567 428 M
563 428 L
S
N
567 436 M
563 436 L
S
N
567 444 M
563 444 L
S
N
567 452 M
563 452 L
S
N
567 452 M
559 452 L
S
N
567 460 M
563 460 L
S
N
567 469 M
563 469 L
S
N
567 469 M
563 469 L
S
N
567 469 M
563 469 L
S
N
584 467 M
588 460 L
S
N
584 460 M
588 467 L
S
N
592 467 M
596 460 L
S
N
592 460 M
596 467 L
S
N
600 467 M
604 460 L
S
N
600 460 M
604 467 L
S
N
608 467 M
612 460 L
S
N
608 460 M
612 467 L
S
N
618 460 M
619 460 L
S
N
626 460 M
626 467 L
624 467 L
628 467 L
S
N
632 460 M
632 467 L
635 467 L
636 466 L
636 464 L
635 463 L
632 463 L
634 463 L
636 460 L
S
N
642 460 M
641 461 L
641 466 L
642 467 L
643 467 L
644 466 L
644 461 L
643 460 L
642 460 L
S
N
585 450 M
587 450 L
586 450 L
586 457 L
585 457 L
587 457 L
S
N
595 457 M
594 457 L
593 456 L
593 451 L
594 450 L
595 450 L
S
N
600 457 M
602 450 L
604 457 L
S
N
608 450 M
608 457 L
611 457 L
612 456 L
612 451 L
611 450 L
608 450 L
S
N
616 456 M
617 457 L
619 457 L
620 456 L
620 454 L
619 453 L
617 453 L
616 452 L
616 450 L
620 450 L
S
N
576 441 M
580 448 L
583 441 L
576 441 L
S
N
580 445 M
663 445 L
S
N
174 60 M
175 63 L
175 66 L
176 68 L
176 71 L
177 73 L
177 76 L
178 79 L
178 81 L
179 84 L
179 87 L
179 89 L
180 92 L
180 95 L
181 97 L
181 100 L
182 102 L
182 105 L
183 108 L
183 110 L
184 113 L
184 115 L
185 118 L
185 121 L
185 123 L
186 126 L
186 129 L
187 131 L
187 134 L
188 136 L
188 139 L
189 142 L
189 144 L
190 147 L
190 149 L
191 152 L
191 155 L
191 157 L
192 160 L
192 162 L
193 165 L
193 168 L
194 170 L
194 173 L
195 175 L
195 178 L
196 181 L
196 183 L
197 186 L
197 188 L
197 191 L
198 194 L
198 196 L
199 199 L
199 201 L
200 204 L
200 206 L
201 209 L
201 212 L
202 214 L
202 217 L
203 219 L
203 222 L
204 224 L
204 227 L
204 230 L
205 232 L
205 235 L
206 237 L
206 240 L
207 242 L
207 245 L
208 247 L
208 250 L
209 252 L
209 255 L
210 258 L
210 260 L
210 263 L
211 265 L
211 268 L
212 270 L
212 273 L
213 275 L
213 278 L
214 280 L
214 283 L
215 285 L
215 288 L
216 290 L
216 293 L
216 295 L
217 298 L
217 300 L
218 303 L
218 305 L
219 308 L
219 310 L
220 313 L
220 315 L
221 317 L
221 320 L
222 322 L
222 325 L
222 327 L
223 330 L
223 332 L
224 334 L
224 337 L
225 339 L
225 341 L
226 344 L
226 346 L
227 348 L
227 351 L
228 353 L
228 355 L
229 357 L
229 360 L
229 362 L
230 364 L
230 366 L
231 368 L
231 370 L
232 372 L
232 374 L
233 376 L
233 378 L
234 379 L
234 381 L
235 382 L
235 383 L
235 384 L
236 385 L
236 386 L
237 386 L
238 386 L
239 387 L
240 387 L
241 387 L
242 387 L
243 387 L
244 387 L
245 387 L
246 387 L
247 387 L
248 387 L
249 387 L
250 387 L
251 387 L
252 387 L
253 387 L
254 387 L
255 387 L
256 387 L
257 387 L
258 387 L
259 387 L
260 387 L
261 387 L
262 387 L
263 387 L
264 387 L
265 387 L
266 387 L
267 387 L
268 387 L
269 387 L
270 387 L
271 387 L
272 387 L
273 387 L
274 387 L
275 387 L
276 387 L
277 387 L
278 387 L
279 387 L
280 387 L
281 387 L
282 387 L
283 387 L
284 387 L
285 387 L
286 387 L
287 387 L
288 387 L
289 387 L
290 387 L
291 387 L
292 387 L
293 387 L
294 387 L
295 387 L
296 387 L
297 387 L
298 387 L
299 387 L
300 387 L
301 387 L
302 387 L
S
N
302 387 M
303 387 L
304 387 L
305 387 L
306 387 L
307 387 L
308 387 L
309 387 L
310 387 L
311 387 L
312 387 L
313 387 L
314 387 L
315 387 L
316 387 L
317 387 L
318 387 L
319 387 L
320 387 L
321 387 L
322 387 L
323 387 L
324 387 L
325 387 L
326 387 L
327 387 L
328 387 L
329 387 L
330 387 L
331 387 L
332 387 L
333 387 L
334 387 L
335 387 L
336 387 L
337 387 L
338 387 L
339 387 L
340 387 L
341 387 L
342 387 L
343 387 L
344 387 L
345 387 L
346 387 L
347 387 L
348 387 L
349 387 L
350 387 L
351 387 L
352 387 L
353 387 L
354 387 L
355 387 L
356 387 L
357 387 L
358 387 L
359 387 L
360 387 L
361 387 L
362 387 L
363 387 L
364 387 L
365 387 L
366 387 L
367 387 L
368 387 L
369 387 L
370 387 L
371 387 L
372 387 L
373 387 L
374 387 L
375 387 L
376 387 L
377 387 L
378 387 L
379 387 L
380 387 L
381 387 L
382 387 L
383 387 L
384 387 L
385 387 L
386 387 L
387 387 L
388 387 L
389 387 L
390 387 L
391 387 L
392 387 L
393 387 L
394 387 L
395 387 L
396 387 L
397 387 L
398 387 L
399 387 L
400 387 L
401 387 L
402 387 L
403 387 L
404 387 L
405 387 L
406 387 L
407 387 L
408 387 L
409 387 L
410 387 L
411 387 L
412 387 L
413 387 L
414 387 L
415 387 L
416 387 L
417 387 L
418 387 L
419 387 L
420 387 L
421 387 L
422 387 L
423 387 L
424 387 L
425 387 L
426 387 L
427 387 L
428 387 L
429 387 L
430 387 L
431 387 L
432 387 L
433 387 L
434 387 L
435 387 L
436 387 L
437 387 L
438 387 L
439 387 L
440 387 L
441 387 L
442 387 L
443 387 L
444 387 L
445 387 L
446 387 L
447 387 L
448 387 L
449 387 L
450 387 L
451 387 L
452 387 L
453 387 L
454 387 L
455 387 L
456 387 L
457 387 L
458 387 L
459 387 L
460 387 L
461 387 L
462 387 L
463 387 L
464 387 L
465 387 L
466 387 L
467 387 L
468 387 L
469 387 L
470 387 L
471 387 L
472 387 L
473 387 L
474 387 L
475 387 L
476 387 L
477 387 L
478 387 L
479 387 L
480 387 L
481 387 L
482 387 L
483 387 L
484 387 L
485 387 L
486 387 L
487 387 L
488 387 L
489 387 L
490 387 L
491 387 L
492 387 L
493 387 L
494 387 L
495 387 L
496 387 L
497 387 L
498 387 L
499 387 L
500 387 L
501 387 L
502 387 L
S
N
502 387 M
503 387 L
504 387 L
505 387 L
506 387 L
507 387 L
508 387 L
509 387 L
510 387 L
511 387 L
512 387 L
513 387 L
514 387 L
515 387 L
516 387 L
517 387 L
518 387 L
519 387 L
520 387 L
521 387 L
522 387 L
523 387 L
524 387 L
525 387 L
526 387 L
527 387 L
528 387 L
529 387 L
530 387 L
531 387 L
532 387 L
533 387 L
534 387 L
535 387 L
536 387 L
537 387 L
538 387 L
539 387 L
540 387 L
541 387 L
542 387 L
543 387 L
544 387 L
545 387 L
546 387 L
547 387 L
548 387 L
549 387 L
550 387 L
551 387 L
552 387 L
553 387 L
554 387 L
555 387 L
556 387 L
557 387 L
558 387 L
559 387 L
560 387 L
561 387 L
562 387 L
563 387 L
564 387 L
565 387 L
S
N
565 387 M
566 387 L
567 387 L
S
N
563 383 M
567 390 L
570 383 L
563 383 L
S
N
585 430 M
587 430 L
586 430 L
586 437 L
585 437 L
587 437 L
S
N
595 437 M
594 437 L
593 436 L
593 431 L
594 430 L
595 430 L
S
N
600 437 M
602 430 L
604 437 L
S
N
612 436 M
611 437 L
609 437 L
608 436 L
608 434 L
609 433 L
611 433 L
612 432 L
612 431 L
611 430 L
609 430 L
608 431 L
S
N
616 436 M
617 437 L
619 437 L
620 436 L
620 434 L
619 433 L
617 433 L
616 432 L
616 430 L
620 430 L
S
N
576 421 M
576 428 L
583 428 L
583 421 L
576 421 L
S
N
[15 3] 0 D
580 425 M
663 425 L
S
N
104 329 M
104 330 L
105 330 L
106 331 L
107 331 L
108 332 L
109 332 L
110 333 L
111 333 L
111 334 L
112 334 L
113 334 L
114 335 L
115 335 L
116 336 L
117 336 L
117 337 L
118 337 L
119 337 L
119 338 L
120 338 L
121 338 L
121 339 L
122 339 L
123 340 L
124 340 L
125 340 L
125 341 L
126 341 L
127 341 L
127 342 L
128 342 L
129 342 L
129 343 L
130 343 L
131 344 L
132 344 L
133 345 L
134 345 L
135 345 L
135 346 L
136 346 L
137 347 L
138 347 L
139 348 L
140 348 L
141 348 L
141 349 L
142 349 L
143 350 L
144 350 L
145 351 L
146 351 L
147 351 L
147 352 L
148 352 L
149 353 L
150 353 L
151 354 L
152 354 L
153 354 L
153 355 L
154 355 L
155 356 L
156 356 L
157 356 L
157 357 L
158 357 L
159 357 L
159 358 L
160 358 L
161 358 L
161 359 L
162 359 L
163 359 L
163 360 L
164 360 L
165 360 L
166 361 L
167 361 L
167 362 L
168 362 L
169 362 L
170 363 L
171 363 L
172 363 L
172 364 L
173 364 L
174 365 L
175 365 L
176 365 L
176 366 L
177 366 L
178 366 L
179 367 L
180 367 L
181 368 L
182 368 L
183 369 L
184 369 L
185 369 L
185 370 L
186 370 L
187 370 L
187 371 L
188 371 L
189 371 L
190 372 L
191 372 L
192 373 L
193 373 L
194 373 L
195 374 L
196 374 L
197 374 L
197 375 L
198 375 L
199 375 L
199 376 L
200 376 L
201 376 L
202 376 L
202 377 L
203 377 L
204 377 L
205 378 L
206 378 L
207 378 L
207 379 L
208 379 L
209 379 L
210 379 L
210 380 L
211 380 L
212 380 L
213 380 L
213 381 L
214 381 L
215 381 L
216 381 L
216 382 L
217 382 L
218 382 L
219 382 L
219 383 L
220 383 L
221 383 L
222 383 L
223 384 L
224 384 L
225 384 L
226 384 L
227 385 L
228 385 L
229 385 L
230 385 L
231 385 L
232 386 L
233 386 L
234 386 L
235 386 L
236 386 L
237 386 L
238 386 L
238 387 L
239 387 L
240 387 L
241 387 L
242 387 L
243 387 L
244 387 L
245 387 L
246 387 L
247 387 L
248 387 L
249 387 L
250 387 L
251 387 L
252 387 L
253 387 L
254 387 L
255 387 L
256 387 L
257 387 L
258 387 L
259 387 L
260 387 L
261 387 L
262 387 L
263 387 L
264 387 L
265 387 L
266 387 L
267 387 L
268 387 L
269 387 L
270 387 L
271 387 L
272 387 L
273 387 L
274 387 L
S
N
274 387 M
275 387 L
276 387 L
277 387 L
278 387 L
279 387 L
280 387 L
281 387 L
282 387 L
283 387 L
284 387 L
285 387 L
286 387 L
287 387 L
288 387 L
289 387 L
290 387 L
291 387 L
292 387 L
293 387 L
294 387 L
295 387 L
296 387 L
297 387 L
298 387 L
299 387 L
300 387 L
301 387 L
302 387 L
303 387 L
304 387 L
305 387 L
306 387 L
307 387 L
308 387 L
309 387 L
310 387 L
311 387 L
312 387 L
313 387 L
314 387 L
315 387 L
316 387 L
317 387 L
318 387 L
319 387 L
320 387 L
321 387 L
322 387 L
323 387 L
324 387 L
325 387 L
326 387 L
327 387 L
328 387 L
329 387 L
330 387 L
331 387 L
332 387 L
333 387 L
334 387 L
335 387 L
336 387 L
337 387 L
338 387 L
339 387 L
340 387 L
341 387 L
342 387 L
343 387 L
344 387 L
345 387 L
346 387 L
347 387 L
348 387 L
349 387 L
350 387 L
351 387 L
352 387 L
353 387 L
354 387 L
355 387 L
356 387 L
357 387 L
358 387 L
359 387 L
360 387 L
361 387 L
362 387 L
363 387 L
364 387 L
365 387 L
366 387 L
367 387 L
368 387 L
369 387 L
370 387 L
371 387 L
372 387 L
373 387 L
374 387 L
375 387 L
376 387 L
377 387 L
378 387 L
379 387 L
380 387 L
381 387 L
382 387 L
383 387 L
384 387 L
385 387 L
386 387 L
387 387 L
388 387 L
389 387 L
390 387 L
391 387 L
392 387 L
393 387 L
394 387 L
395 387 L
396 387 L
397 387 L
398 387 L
399 387 L
400 387 L
401 387 L
402 387 L
403 387 L
404 387 L
405 387 L
406 387 L
407 387 L
408 387 L
409 387 L
410 387 L
411 387 L
412 387 L
413 387 L
414 387 L
415 387 L
416 387 L
417 387 L
418 387 L
419 387 L
420 387 L
421 387 L
422 387 L
423 387 L
424 387 L
425 387 L
426 387 L
427 387 L
428 387 L
429 387 L
430 387 L
431 387 L
432 387 L
433 387 L
434 387 L
435 387 L
436 387 L
437 387 L
438 387 L
439 387 L
440 387 L
441 387 L
442 387 L
443 387 L
444 387 L
445 387 L
446 387 L
447 387 L
448 387 L
449 387 L
450 387 L
451 387 L
452 387 L
453 387 L
454 387 L
455 387 L
456 387 L
457 387 L
458 387 L
459 387 L
460 387 L
461 387 L
462 387 L
463 387 L
464 387 L
465 387 L
466 387 L
467 387 L
468 387 L
469 387 L
470 387 L
471 387 L
472 387 L
473 387 L
474 387 L
S
N
474 387 M
475 387 L
476 387 L
477 387 L
478 387 L
479 387 L
480 387 L
481 387 L
482 387 L
483 387 L
484 387 L
485 387 L
486 387 L
487 387 L
488 387 L
489 387 L
490 387 L
491 387 L
492 387 L
493 387 L
494 387 L
495 387 L
496 387 L
497 387 L
498 387 L
499 387 L
500 387 L
501 387 L
502 387 L
503 387 L
504 387 L
505 387 L
506 387 L
507 387 L
508 387 L
509 387 L
510 387 L
511 387 L
512 387 L
513 387 L
514 387 L
515 387 L
516 387 L
517 387 L
518 387 L
519 387 L
520 387 L
521 387 L
522 387 L
523 387 L
524 387 L
525 387 L
526 387 L
527 387 L
528 387 L
529 387 L
530 387 L
531 387 L
532 387 L
533 387 L
534 387 L
535 387 L
536 387 L
537 387 L
538 387 L
539 387 L
540 387 L
541 387 L
542 387 L
543 387 L
544 387 L
545 387 L
546 387 L
547 387 L
548 387 L
549 387 L
550 387 L
551 387 L
552 387 L
553 387 L
554 387 L
555 387 L
556 387 L
557 387 L
558 387 L
559 387 L
560 387 L
561 387 L
562 387 L
563 387 L
564 387 L
565 387 L
S
N
565 387 M
566 387 L
567 387 L
S
N
[] 0 D
563 383 M
563 390 L
570 390 L
570 383 L
563 383 L
S
N
585 410 M
587 410 L
586 410 L
586 417 L
585 417 L
587 417 L
S
N
595 417 M
594 417 L
593 416 L
593 411 L
594 410 L
595 410 L
S
N
600 417 M
602 410 L
604 417 L
S
N
608 410 M
608 417 L
611 417 L
612 416 L
612 414 L
611 413 L
608 413 L
611 413 L
612 412 L
612 411 L
611 410 L
608 410 L
S
N
616 416 M
617 417 L
619 417 L
620 416 L
620 414 L
619 413 L
617 413 L
616 412 L
616 410 L
620 410 L
S
N
576 405 M
578 408 L
581 408 L
583 405 L
581 401 L
578 401 L
576 405 L
S
N
[10 3 1 3] 0 D
580 405 M
663 405 L
S
N
170 60 M
171 63 L
171 65 L
172 68 L
172 70 L
172 73 L
173 75 L
173 77 L
174 80 L
174 82 L
175 85 L
175 87 L
176 90 L
176 92 L
177 94 L
177 97 L
178 99 L
178 102 L
179 104 L
179 106 L
179 109 L
180 111 L
180 114 L
181 116 L
181 119 L
182 121 L
182 123 L
183 126 L
183 128 L
184 131 L
184 133 L
185 135 L
185 138 L
185 140 L
186 143 L
186 145 L
187 148 L
187 150 L
188 152 L
188 155 L
189 157 L
189 160 L
190 162 L
190 164 L
191 167 L
191 169 L
191 172 L
192 174 L
192 176 L
193 179 L
193 181 L
194 184 L
194 186 L
195 188 L
195 191 L
196 193 L
196 196 L
197 198 L
197 200 L
197 203 L
198 205 L
198 208 L
199 210 L
199 212 L
200 215 L
200 217 L
201 220 L
201 222 L
202 224 L
202 227 L
203 229 L
203 232 L
204 234 L
204 236 L
204 239 L
205 241 L
205 244 L
206 246 L
206 248 L
207 251 L
207 253 L
208 255 L
208 258 L
209 260 L
209 263 L
210 265 L
210 267 L
210 270 L
211 272 L
211 274 L
212 277 L
212 279 L
213 281 L
213 284 L
214 286 L
214 289 L
215 291 L
215 293 L
216 296 L
216 298 L
216 300 L
217 303 L
217 305 L
218 307 L
218 310 L
219 312 L
219 314 L
220 317 L
220 319 L
221 321 L
221 324 L
222 326 L
222 328 L
222 330 L
223 333 L
223 335 L
224 337 L
224 339 L
225 342 L
225 344 L
226 346 L
226 348 L
227 351 L
227 353 L
228 355 L
228 357 L
229 359 L
229 361 L
229 363 L
230 366 L
230 368 L
231 370 L
231 372 L
232 373 L
232 375 L
233 377 L
233 379 L
234 380 L
234 382 L
235 383 L
235 384 L
235 385 L
236 385 L
236 386 L
237 386 L
238 387 L
239 387 L
240 387 L
241 387 L
242 387 L
243 387 L
244 387 L
245 387 L
246 387 L
247 387 L
248 387 L
249 387 L
250 387 L
251 387 L
252 387 L
253 387 L
254 387 L
255 387 L
256 387 L
257 387 L
258 387 L
259 387 L
260 387 L
261 387 L
262 387 L
263 387 L
264 387 L
265 387 L
266 387 L
267 387 L
268 387 L
269 387 L
270 387 L
271 387 L
272 387 L
273 387 L
274 387 L
275 387 L
276 387 L
277 387 L
278 387 L
279 387 L
280 387 L
281 387 L
282 387 L
283 387 L
284 387 L
285 387 L
286 387 L
287 387 L
288 387 L
289 387 L
290 387 L
291 387 L
292 387 L
293 387 L
S
N
293 387 M
294 387 L
295 387 L
296 387 L
297 387 L
298 387 L
299 387 L
300 387 L
301 387 L
302 387 L
303 387 L
304 387 L
305 387 L
306 387 L
307 387 L
308 387 L
309 387 L
310 387 L
311 387 L
312 387 L
313 387 L
314 387 L
315 387 L
316 387 L
317 387 L
318 387 L
319 387 L
320 387 L
321 387 L
322 387 L
323 387 L
324 387 L
325 387 L
326 387 L
327 387 L
328 387 L
329 387 L
330 387 L
331 387 L
332 387 L
333 387 L
334 387 L
335 387 L
336 387 L
337 387 L
338 387 L
339 387 L
340 387 L
341 387 L
342 387 L
343 387 L
344 387 L
345 387 L
346 387 L
347 387 L
348 387 L
349 387 L
350 387 L
351 387 L
352 387 L
353 387 L
354 387 L
355 387 L
356 387 L
357 387 L
358 387 L
359 387 L
360 387 L
361 387 L
362 387 L
363 387 L
364 387 L
365 387 L
366 387 L
367 387 L
368 387 L
369 387 L
370 387 L
371 387 L
372 387 L
373 387 L
374 387 L
375 387 L
376 387 L
377 387 L
378 387 L
379 387 L
380 387 L
381 387 L
382 387 L
383 387 L
384 387 L
385 387 L
386 387 L
387 387 L
388 387 L
389 387 L
390 387 L
391 387 L
392 387 L
393 387 L
394 387 L
395 387 L
396 387 L
397 387 L
398 387 L
399 387 L
400 387 L
401 387 L
402 387 L
403 387 L
404 387 L
405 387 L
406 387 L
407 387 L
408 387 L
409 387 L
410 387 L
411 387 L
412 387 L
413 387 L
414 387 L
415 387 L
416 387 L
417 387 L
418 387 L
419 387 L
420 387 L
421 387 L
422 387 L
423 387 L
424 387 L
425 387 L
426 387 L
427 387 L
428 387 L
429 387 L
430 387 L
431 387 L
432 387 L
433 387 L
434 387 L
435 387 L
436 387 L
437 387 L
438 387 L
439 387 L
440 387 L
441 387 L
442 387 L
443 387 L
444 387 L
445 387 L
446 387 L
447 387 L
448 387 L
449 387 L
450 387 L
451 387 L
452 387 L
453 387 L
454 387 L
455 387 L
456 387 L
457 387 L
458 387 L
459 387 L
460 387 L
461 387 L
462 387 L
463 387 L
464 387 L
465 387 L
466 387 L
467 387 L
468 387 L
469 387 L
470 387 L
471 387 L
472 387 L
473 387 L
474 387 L
475 387 L
476 387 L
477 387 L
478 387 L
479 387 L
480 387 L
481 387 L
482 387 L
483 387 L
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FMENDPAGE
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612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
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0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
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0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
72 748.77 540 768.57 R
7 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
V
0 11.2 Q
0 X
(Conclusions) 72 755.2 T
72 18 540 54 R
7 X
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(Measuring Pulldown Currents in CMOS devices) 72 35.33 T
(April 15, 1994 2:01 pm) 72 23.33 T
1 12 Q
(7) 533.33 23.33 T
72.33 46 540 46 2 L
1 H
2 Z
N
72 765.96 539.67 765.96 2 L
N
72 751.89 540 751.89 2 L
N
72 72 540 720 R
7 X
V
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
2 F
0 X
(subtraction of the Drain currents gives the IV curve shown in Figure 9 on page 7.) 144 712 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
1 F
(9.4.  Conclusions) 72 302 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
2 F
(Due to the nature of SPICE it is possible to generate non-monotonic models that do not) 108 276 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
-0.21 (measure the true behavior of physical devices. Though there are some devices that exhibit) 108 262 P
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
-0.17 (non-monotonic behavior, CMOS pulldown devices in the 0 to -5V range do NOT fall into) 108 248 P
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(this class.) 108 234 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
-0.45 (However, the indicated measurement for Drain current is easy to make, and if one is aware) 108 208 P
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(of the inherent error in the data, corrections can easily be applied.) 108 194 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
-0.22 (Also, the cumulative percentage error in the Non-monotonic current is almost 0 due to the) 108 168 P
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(large value of the shunt currents at the time of the non-monotonicity.) 108 154 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
1 F
(9.5.  Rebuttals and Clarifications) 72 116 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
2 F
(The simulations in this paper were run on HSPICE and Berkeley spice. If you have) 108 90 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(questions or evidence that this information is wrong, please contact:) 108 76 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 F
(Figure 9:) 161.61 398 T
(Subtraction of IV curves with bulk resistance) 214.96 398 T
72 414 540 688 C
72 414 540 688 C
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
90 0 0 612 792 270 349.41 176.3 378.3 FMBEGINEPSF
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95 126 L
96 125 L
96 120 L
95 119 L
94 119 L
S
N
[.5 4] 0 D
567 125 M
104 125 L
S
N
[] 0 D
104 125 M
112 125 L
S
N
104 133 M
108 133 L
S
N
104 141 M
108 141 L
S
N
104 149 M
108 149 L
S
N
104 158 M
108 158 L
S
N
[] 0 D
61 155 M
63 155 L
S
N
69 158 M
70 159 L
70 152 L
69 152 L
71 152 L
S
N
78 152 M
79 152 L
S
N
85 159 M
84 155 L
88 155 L
S
N
87 159 M
87 152 L
S
N
94 152 M
93 153 L
93 158 L
94 159 L
95 159 L
96 158 L
96 153 L
95 152 L
94 152 L
S
N
[.5 4] 0 D
567 158 M
104 158 L
S
N
[] 0 D
104 158 M
112 158 L
S
N
104 166 M
108 166 L
S
N
104 174 M
108 174 L
S
N
104 182 M
108 182 L
S
N
104 190 M
108 190 L
S
N
[] 0 D
61 187 M
63 187 L
S
N
69 190 M
70 191 L
70 184 L
69 184 L
71 184 L
S
N
78 184 M
79 184 L
S
N
84 190 M
85 191 L
87 191 L
88 190 L
88 188 L
87 187 L
85 187 L
84 186 L
84 184 L
88 184 L
S
N
94 184 M
93 185 L
93 190 L
94 191 L
95 191 L
96 190 L
96 185 L
95 184 L
94 184 L
S
N
[.5 4] 0 D
567 190 M
104 190 L
S
N
[] 0 D
104 190 M
112 190 L
S
N
104 199 M
108 199 L
S
N
104 207 M
108 207 L
S
N
104 215 M
108 215 L
S
N
104 223 M
108 223 L
S
N
[] 0 D
69 220 M
71 220 L
S
N
77 223 M
78 224 L
78 217 L
77 217 L
79 217 L
S
N
86 217 M
87 217 L
S
N
94 217 M
93 218 L
93 223 L
94 224 L
95 224 L
96 223 L
96 218 L
95 217 L
94 217 L
S
N
[.5 4] 0 D
567 223 M
104 223 L
S
N
[] 0 D
104 223 M
112 223 L
S
N
104 231 M
108 231 L
S
N
104 239 M
108 239 L
S
N
104 248 M
108 248 L
S
N
104 256 M
108 256 L
S
N
[] 0 D
45 253 M
47 253 L
S
N
53 253 M
52 254 L
52 256 L
53 257 L
55 257 L
56 256 L
56 254 L
55 253 L
53 253 L
52 252 L
52 251 L
53 250 L
55 250 L
56 251 L
56 252 L
55 253 L
S
N
62 250 M
61 251 L
61 256 L
62 257 L
63 257 L
64 256 L
64 251 L
63 250 L
62 250 L
S
N
70 250 M
69 251 L
69 256 L
70 257 L
71 257 L
72 256 L
72 251 L
71 250 L
70 250 L
S
N
78 250 M
79 250 L
S
N
86 250 M
85 251 L
85 256 L
86 257 L
87 257 L
88 256 L
88 251 L
87 250 L
86 250 L
S
N
92 250 M
92 257 L
94 253 L
96 257 L
96 250 L
S
N
[.5 4] 0 D
567 256 M
104 256 L
S
N
[] 0 D
104 256 M
112 256 L
S
N
104 264 M
108 264 L
S
N
104 272 M
108 272 L
S
N
104 280 M
108 280 L
S
N
104 289 M
108 289 L
S
N
[] 0 D
45 286 M
47 286 L
S
N
56 289 M
55 290 L
53 290 L
52 289 L
52 284 L
53 283 L
55 283 L
56 284 L
56 285 L
55 286 L
53 286 L
52 285 L
S
N
62 283 M
61 284 L
61 289 L
62 290 L
63 290 L
64 289 L
64 284 L
63 283 L
62 283 L
S
N
70 283 M
69 284 L
69 289 L
70 290 L
71 290 L
72 289 L
72 284 L
71 283 L
70 283 L
S
N
78 283 M
79 283 L
S
N
86 283 M
85 284 L
85 289 L
86 290 L
87 290 L
88 289 L
88 284 L
87 283 L
86 283 L
S
N
92 283 M
92 290 L
94 286 L
96 290 L
96 283 L
S
N
[.5 4] 0 D
567 289 M
104 289 L
S
N
[] 0 D
104 289 M
112 289 L
S
N
104 297 M
108 297 L
S
N
104 305 M
108 305 L
S
N
104 313 M
108 313 L
S
N
104 321 M
108 321 L
S
N
[] 0 D
45 318 M
47 318 L
S
N
53 322 M
52 318 L
56 318 L
S
N
55 322 M
55 315 L
S
N
62 315 M
61 316 L
61 321 L
62 322 L
63 322 L
64 321 L
64 316 L
63 315 L
62 315 L
S
N
70 315 M
69 316 L
69 321 L
70 322 L
71 322 L
72 321 L
72 316 L
71 315 L
70 315 L
S
N
78 315 M
79 315 L
S
N
86 315 M
85 316 L
85 321 L
86 322 L
87 322 L
88 321 L
88 316 L
87 315 L
86 315 L
S
N
92 315 M
92 322 L
94 318 L
96 322 L
96 315 L
S
N
[.5 4] 0 D
567 321 M
104 321 L
S
N
[] 0 D
104 321 M
112 321 L
S
N
104 329 M
108 329 L
S
N
104 338 M
108 338 L
S
N
104 346 M
108 346 L
S
N
104 354 M
108 354 L
S
N
[] 0 D
45 351 M
47 351 L
S
N
52 354 M
53 355 L
55 355 L
56 354 L
56 352 L
55 351 L
53 351 L
52 350 L
52 348 L
56 348 L
S
N
62 348 M
61 349 L
61 354 L
62 355 L
63 355 L
64 354 L
64 349 L
63 348 L
62 348 L
S
N
70 348 M
69 349 L
69 354 L
70 355 L
71 355 L
72 354 L
72 349 L
71 348 L
70 348 L
S
N
78 348 M
79 348 L
S
N
86 348 M
85 349 L
85 354 L
86 355 L
87 355 L
88 354 L
88 349 L
87 348 L
86 348 L
S
N
92 348 M
92 355 L
94 351 L
96 355 L
96 348 L
S
N
[.5 4] 0 D
567 354 M
104 354 L
S
N
[] 0 D
104 354 M
112 354 L
S
N
104 362 M
108 362 L
S
N
104 370 M
108 370 L
S
N
104 379 M
108 379 L
S
N
104 387 M
108 387 L
S
N
[] 0 D
86 381 M
85 382 L
85 387 L
86 388 L
87 388 L
88 387 L
88 382 L
87 381 L
86 381 L
S
N
94 381 M
95 381 L
S
N
[.5 4] 0 D
567 387 M
104 387 L
S
N
[] 0 D
104 387 M
112 387 L
S
N
104 395 M
108 395 L
S
N
104 403 M
108 403 L
S
N
104 411 M
108 411 L
S
N
104 419 M
108 419 L
S
N
[] 0 D
52 419 M
53 420 L
55 420 L
56 419 L
56 417 L
55 416 L
53 416 L
52 415 L
52 413 L
56 413 L
S
N
62 413 M
61 414 L
61 419 L
62 420 L
63 420 L
64 419 L
64 414 L
63 413 L
62 413 L
S
N
70 413 M
69 414 L
69 419 L
70 420 L
71 420 L
72 419 L
72 414 L
71 413 L
70 413 L
S
N
78 413 M
79 413 L
S
N
86 413 M
85 414 L
85 419 L
86 420 L
87 420 L
88 419 L
88 414 L
87 413 L
86 413 L
S
N
92 413 M
92 420 L
94 416 L
96 420 L
96 413 L
S
N
[.5 4] 0 D
567 419 M
104 419 L
S
N
[] 0 D
104 419 M
112 419 L
S
N
104 428 M
108 428 L
S
N
104 436 M
108 436 L
S
N
104 444 M
108 444 L
S
N
104 452 M
108 452 L
S
N
[] 0 D
53 453 M
52 449 L
56 449 L
S
N
55 453 M
55 446 L
S
N
62 446 M
61 447 L
61 452 L
62 453 L
63 453 L
64 452 L
64 447 L
63 446 L
62 446 L
S
N
70 446 M
69 447 L
69 452 L
70 453 L
71 453 L
72 452 L
72 447 L
71 446 L
70 446 L
S
N
78 446 M
79 446 L
S
N
86 446 M
85 447 L
85 452 L
86 453 L
87 453 L
88 452 L
88 447 L
87 446 L
86 446 L
S
N
92 446 M
92 453 L
94 449 L
96 453 L
96 446 L
S
N
[.5 4] 0 D
567 452 M
104 452 L
S
N
[] 0 D
104 452 M
112 452 L
S
N
104 460 M
108 460 L
S
N
104 469 M
108 469 L
S
N
104 469 M
108 469 L
S
N
104 469 M
108 469 L
S
N
567 60 M
563 60 L
S
N
567 60 M
563 60 L
S
N
567 60 M
563 60 L
S
N
567 60 M
563 60 L
S
N
567 60 M
559 60 L
S
N
567 68 M
563 68 L
S
N
567 76 M
563 76 L
S
N
567 84 M
563 84 L
S
N
567 92 M
563 92 L
S
N
567 92 M
559 92 L
S
N
567 100 M
563 100 L
S
N
567 109 M
563 109 L
S
N
567 117 M
563 117 L
S
N
567 125 M
563 125 L
S
N
567 125 M
559 125 L
S
N
567 133 M
563 133 L
S
N
567 141 M
563 141 L
S
N
567 149 M
563 149 L
S
N
567 158 M
563 158 L
S
N
567 158 M
559 158 L
S
N
567 166 M
563 166 L
S
N
567 174 M
563 174 L
S
N
567 182 M
563 182 L
S
N
567 190 M
563 190 L
S
N
567 190 M
559 190 L
S
N
567 199 M
563 199 L
S
N
567 207 M
563 207 L
S
N
567 215 M
563 215 L
S
N
567 223 M
563 223 L
S
N
567 223 M
559 223 L
S
N
567 231 M
563 231 L
S
N
567 239 M
563 239 L
S
N
567 248 M
563 248 L
S
N
567 256 M
563 256 L
S
N
567 256 M
559 256 L
S
N
567 264 M
563 264 L
S
N
567 272 M
563 272 L
S
N
567 280 M
563 280 L
S
N
567 289 M
563 289 L
S
N
567 289 M
559 289 L
S
N
567 297 M
563 297 L
S
N
567 305 M
563 305 L
S
N
567 313 M
563 313 L
S
N
567 321 M
563 321 L
S
N
567 321 M
559 321 L
S
N
567 329 M
563 329 L
S
N
567 338 M
563 338 L
S
N
567 346 M
563 346 L
S
N
567 354 M
563 354 L
S
N
567 354 M
559 354 L
S
N
567 362 M
563 362 L
S
N
567 370 M
563 370 L
S
N
567 379 M
563 379 L
S
N
567 387 M
563 387 L
S
N
567 387 M
559 387 L
S
N
567 395 M
563 395 L
S
N
567 403 M
563 403 L
S
N
567 411 M
563 411 L
S
N
567 419 M
563 419 L
S
N
567 419 M
559 419 L
S
N
567 428 M
563 428 L
S
N
567 436 M
563 436 L
S
N
567 444 M
563 444 L
S
N
567 452 M
563 452 L
S
N
567 452 M
559 452 L
S
N
567 460 M
563 460 L
S
N
567 469 M
563 469 L
S
N
567 469 M
563 469 L
S
N
567 469 M
563 469 L
S
N
584 467 M
588 460 L
S
N
584 460 M
588 467 L
S
N
592 467 M
596 460 L
S
N
592 460 M
596 467 L
S
N
600 467 M
604 460 L
S
N
600 460 M
604 467 L
S
N
608 467 M
612 460 L
S
N
608 460 M
612 467 L
S
N
618 460 M
619 460 L
S
N
626 460 M
626 467 L
624 467 L
628 467 L
S
N
632 460 M
632 467 L
635 467 L
636 466 L
636 464 L
635 463 L
632 463 L
634 463 L
636 460 L
S
N
642 460 M
641 461 L
641 466 L
642 467 L
643 467 L
644 466 L
644 461 L
643 460 L
642 460 L
S
N
585 450 M
587 450 L
586 450 L
586 457 L
585 457 L
587 457 L
S
N
595 457 M
594 457 L
593 456 L
593 451 L
594 450 L
595 450 L
S
N
600 457 M
602 450 L
604 457 L
S
N
608 450 M
608 457 L
611 457 L
612 456 L
612 451 L
611 450 L
608 450 L
S
N
617 456 M
618 457 L
618 450 L
617 450 L
619 450 L
S
N
625 457 M
626 457 L
627 456 L
627 451 L
626 450 L
625 450 L
S
N
633 453 M
635 453 L
S
N
641 450 M
643 450 L
642 450 L
642 457 L
641 457 L
643 457 L
S
N
651 457 M
650 457 L
649 456 L
649 451 L
650 450 L
651 450 L
S
N
656 457 M
658 450 L
660 457 L
S
N
664 450 M
664 457 L
667 457 L
668 456 L
668 451 L
667 450 L
664 450 L
S
N
672 456 M
673 457 L
675 457 L
676 456 L
676 454 L
675 453 L
673 453 L
672 452 L
672 450 L
676 450 L
S
N
576 441 M
580 448 L
583 441 L
576 441 L
S
N
580 445 M
663 445 L
S
N
104 317 M
105 318 L
106 318 L
107 318 L
108 318 L
109 318 L
110 318 L
111 318 L
112 318 L
113 318 L
114 318 L
115 319 L
116 319 L
117 319 L
118 319 L
119 319 L
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121 319 L
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123 320 L
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128 320 L
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132 321 L
133 321 L
134 321 L
135 321 L
136 321 L
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221 350 L
221 351 L
222 351 L
223 352 L
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253 381 L
254 381 L
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254 383 L
255 383 L
255 384 L
256 384 L
256 385 L
257 385 L
257 386 L
258 387 L
259 388 L
260 389 L
260 390 L
261 390 L
S
N
261 390 M
261 391 L
262 392 L
263 393 L
264 394 L
265 395 L
266 396 L
266 397 L
267 397 L
267 398 L
268 398 L
268 399 L
269 399 L
269 400 L
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281 411 L
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283 412 L
283 413 L
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361 441 L
362 441 L
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371 442 L
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409 444 L
410 444 L
411 444 L
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417 445 L
418 445 L
419 445 L
420 445 L
421 445 L
422 445 L
423 445 L
424 445 L
425 445 L
426 445 L
427 445 L
428 445 L
429 445 L
S
N
429 445 M
430 445 L
430 446 L
431 446 L
432 446 L
433 446 L
434 446 L
435 446 L
436 446 L
437 446 L
438 446 L
439 446 L
440 446 L
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470 448 L
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517 451 L
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519 451 L
520 451 L
521 451 L
522 451 L
523 451 L
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525 452 L
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527 452 L
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531 452 L
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533 452 L
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536 452 L
537 452 L
538 452 L
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541 453 L
542 453 L
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553 453 L
554 453 L
555 454 L
556 454 L
557 454 L
558 454 L
559 454 L
560 454 L
561 454 L
562 454 L
563 454 L
564 454 L
565 454 L
S
N
565 454 M
566 454 L
567 454 L
S
N
563 450 M
567 457 L
570 450 L
563 450 L
S
0 0 M
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 9 FrameSetSepColors
FrameNoSep
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
72 748.8 540 768.6 R
7 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
V
0 11.2 Q
0 X
(Rebuttals and Clarifications) 72 755.24 T
72 18 540 54 R
7 X
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(Measuring Pulldown Currents in CMOS devices) 328.83 35.33 T
1 12 Q
(8) 72 23.33 T
0 10 Q
(April 15, 1994 2:01 pm) 439.39 23.33 T
72 765.96 539.67 765.96 2 L
1 H
2 Z
N
72 751.89 540 751.89 2 L
N
72.33 46 540 46 2 L
N
72 72 540 720 R
7 X
V
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
2 12 Q
0 X
(Jon Powell \[email-masked]\051) 108 712 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(or) 108 698 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(Chris Myles \[email-masked]\051) 108 684 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(at) 108 670 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(Quad Design) 108 656 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(1387 Del Norte Rd.) 108 642 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(Camarillo Ca. 93010) 108 628 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(805 988 8250 \050fax = 805 988 8259\051) 108 614 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
-0.11 (We have tried to be as precise as possible in the presentation of this data but due certainly) 108 562 P
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(admit the possibility of error and welcome the opportunity to seek truth, justice, and the) 108 548 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(American way \050Apologies to our brothers at Quantic\051.) 108 534 T
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
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0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
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From: Barry Katz <[email-masked]>
Date: Mon, 18 Apr 94 17:49:09 EDT

Hi Jon and fellow IBISers,

I just finished looking through your report. Everything you presented
makes sense to me.  In the results you presented it was clear that
failure to compensate for the unequal bulk currents resulted in a
nonmonotonic I-V curve.  However, I'm still not 100% sure that
non-monotonic pulldown I-V curves are invalid.  I would like to hear
what Arpad has to tell us -- specifically what are his bulk currents.

Thanks for sending out the report,

Barry-