RFC 1993 Network Working Group A. Barbir Request for Comments: 1993 Gandalf Category: Informational D. Carr Newbridge W. Simpson DayDreamer August 1996 PPP Gandalf FZA Compression Protocol Status of this Memo This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) [1] provides a standard method for transporting multi-protocol datagrams over point-to-point links. The PPP Compression Control Protocol [2] provides a method to negotiate and utilize compression protocols over PPP encapsulated links. This document describes the use of the Gandalf FZA data compression algorithm [3] for compressing PPP encapsulated packets. Table of Contents 1. Introduction .......................................... 1 1.1 Licensing ....................................... 1 2. FZA Packets ........................................... 2 2.1 Packet Format ................................... 3 3. Configuration Option Format ........................... 4 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS ...................................... 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................. 5 REFERENCES ................................................... 5 CONTACTS ..................................................... 5 Barbir, Carr & Simpson [Page i] RFC 1993 Gandalf FZA August 1996 1. Introduction FZA is a high performance LZ [4] derivative that maximizes compression at the expense of memory and CPU. Compression performance can be adjusted based on CPU and memory available. Multiple PPP packets can be combined in a single compressed frame, or a single PPP packet can be spread across multiple frames. 1.1. Licensing Source and object licenses are available on a non-discriminatory basis for either a royalty or fixed price arrangement. Patent indemnity is included with the license. Barbir, Carr & Simpson [Page 1] RFC 1993 Gandalf FZA August 1996 2. FZA Packets Before any FZA packets may be communicated, PPP must reach the Network-Layer Protocol phase. When the Compression Control Protocol (CCP) has reached the Opened state, and FZA is negotiated as the primary compression algorithm, the PPP Protocol field indicates type hex 00FB (link compressed datagram), or type hex 00FD (compressed datagram). The maximum length of the FZA datagram transmitted over a PPP link is the same as the maximum length of the Information field of a PPP encapsulated packet. Padding The FZA packets require the negotiation of the Self-Describing- Padding Configuration Option [5] at LCP Link Establishment. Reliability and Sequencing The FZA algorithm expects a reliable link, as described in "PPP Reliable Transmission" [6]. FZA expects the packets to be delivered in sequence. Data Expansion The maximum expansion of Gandalf FZA is 2:1. However, typical expansion on pre-compressed data is 1.01:1. Expanded data is sent to maintain the integrity of the compression history. When the expansion exceeds the size of the peer's Maximum Receive Unit for the link, the expanded packet is sent in multiple PPP frames. The compressed data contains an indication of the end of the original packet. Barbir, Carr & Simpson [Page 2] RFC 1993 Gandalf FZA August 1996 2.1. Packet Format A summary of the Gandalf FZA packet format is shown below. The fields are transmitted from left to right. +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | PPP Protocol | Compressed Data ... +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ PPP Protocol One or two octets. The PPP Protocol field is described in the Point-to-Point Protocol Encapsulation [1]. Type 00FD is used when the PPP multilink protocol is not used, and/or "inside" a multilink bundle. Type 00FB is used "outside" multilink, to compress independently on individual links of a multilink bundle. This value MAY be compressed when LCP Protocol-Field-Compression is negotiated. Compressed Data One or more octets. The compressed PPP encapsulated packet(s). Prior to compression, the uncompressed data begins with the original PPP Protocol number. This value MAY be compressed when LCP Protocol-Field-Compression is negotiated. The original Protocol number is followed by the original Information field. The length of the original Information field before compression MUST NOT exceed the link Maximum Receive Unit (MRU). PPP Link Control Protocol packets MUST NOT be sent within compressed data. Barbir, Carr & Simpson [Page 3] RFC 1993 Gandalf FZA August 1996 3. Configuration Option Format Description The CCP Gandalf-FZA Configuration Option negotiates the use of Gandalf FZA on the link. By default or ultimate disagreement, no compression is used. A summary of the Gandalf-FZA Configuration Option format is shown below. The fields are transmitted from left to right. +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Type | Length | History | Version ... +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Type 19 Length >= 3 History One octet. The History field specifies the maximum size of the compression history in powers of 2. Valid values range from 12 to 15. The peer is not required to send as many histories as the implementation indicates that it can accept. Version Zero or more octets of additional configuration information. Any implementation that does not implement this information MUST send a Configure-Nak without this field. The Version field is not present for FZA. The Version field is a single octet containing the value 1 for FZA+. Security Considerations Security issues are not discussed in this memo. Barbir, Carr & Simpson [Page 4] RFC 1993 Gandalf FZA August 1996 Acknowledgements FZA was developed by David Carr while at Gandalf Data Limited. FZA+ was an improvement by Abbie Barbir. Editting and formatting by William Simpson. References [1] Simpson, W., Editor, "The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)", STD 51, RFC 1661, DayDreamer, July 1994. [2] Rand, D., "The PPP Compression Control Protocol (CCP)", RFC 1962, Novell, June 1996. [3] Barbir, A., "A New Fast Approximate Arithmetic Coder", Proceedings of IEEE 28th SouthEastern Symposium on Systems Theory (SSST), Baton Rouge, Louisiana, pages 482-486, April 1996. [4] Lempel, A. and Ziv, J., "A Universal Algorithm for Sequential Data Compression", IEEE Transactions On Information Theory, Vol. IT-23, No. 3, May 1977. [5] Simpson, W., Editor, "PPP LCP Extensions", RFC 1570, DayDreamer, January 1994. [6] Rand, D., "PPP Reliable Transmission", RFC 1663, Novell, July 1994. Contacts Licensing queries should be directed to: Michael Williams Director of Business Development Gandalf Data Limited 130 Colonnade Road South Napean, Ontario, Canada K2E 7M4 (613) 274-6500 ext 6575 Barbir, Carr & Simpson [Page 5] RFC 1993 Gandalf FZA August 1996 Comments should be submitted to the ietf-ppp@merit.edu mailing list. This document was reviewed by the Point-to-Point Protocol Working Group of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). The working group can be contacted via the current chair: Karl Fox Ascend Communications 3518 Riverside Drive, Suite 101 Columbus, Ohio 43221 karl@MorningStar.com karl@Ascend.com Questions about this memo can also be directed to: Abdulkader Barbir Gandalf Data Limited 130 Colonnade Road South Napean, Ontario, Canada K2E 7M4 (613) 274-6500 ext 8550 abarbir@gandalf.ca Questions about this memo should not be directed to: Dave Carr Newbridge Networks Corporation 600 March Road P.O. Box 13600 Kanata, Ontario, Canada, K2K 2E6 dcarr@newbridge.com William Allen Simpson DayDreamer Computer Systems Consulting Services 1384 Fontaine Madison Heights, Michigan 48071 wsimpson@UMich.edu wsimpson@GreenDragon.com (preferred) Barbir, Carr & Simpson [Page 6]