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After reading about character encodings, an astute reader may wonder how to declare the encoding in the document so an XML processor knows which one you're using. The answer is: declare the decoding in the XML declaration. The XML declaration is a line at the very top of a document that describes the kind of markup you're using, including XML version, character encoding, and whether the document requires an external subset of the DTD. The declaration looks like this:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf8" standalone="yes"?>
The declaration is optional, as are each of its parameters (except for the required version attribute). The encoding parameter is important only if you use a character encoding other than UTF-8 (since it's the default encoding). If explicitly set to "yes", the standalone declaration causes a validating parser to raise an error if the document references external entities.
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| 2.6. Unicode, Character Sets, and Encodings |  | 2.8. Processing Instructions and Other Markup |
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