¶ó¿ìÅÍ 

1. ¶ó¿ìÅÍÀÇ °³¿ä

¶ó¿ìÅÍ´Â Àü¿ëȸ¼±À» ÅëÇØ LAN¿¡ Á¢¼ÓµÈ ¿©·¯ ½Ã½ºÅÛ(PC, Workstation, Hostµî)µéÀÌ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ÀÎÅͳÝÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â Àåºñ·Î¼­ ¸ñÀûÁö±îÁö µ¥ÀÌÅÍ°¡ Àü´ÞµÉ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â ±â´ÉÀ» Çϸç, 2°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ Á¢¼ÓÇÒ ¶§¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í, »óÈ£°£ÀÇ µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ Áß°èÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¶ó¿ìÆà Á¤º¸¸¦ ÂüÁ¶ÇÏ¿© °æ·Î¸¦ °áÁ¤Çؼ­ µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ Áß°èÇÏ¸ç ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ ¿¬°áÇØ ÁÖ´Â Àåºñ¶ó°í ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¶ó¿ìÅÍ´Â IP ¶ó¿ìÆà ±â´É»Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó LAN¿ë ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀÎ IPX, AppleTalkµîÀÇ ºê¸®Â¡ ±â´Éµµ ÇÔ²² Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. ¶ó¿ìÅ͸¦ Ãë±ÞÇÏ´Â ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ ¾÷ü·Î´Â CISCO, 3COM, BAY NETWORK, IBMµîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

 

2. ¶ó¿ìÆà ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ

¶ó¿ìÆÃÀ̶õ ÆÐŶÀ» ¸ñÀûÁö¿¡ Àü´ÞÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ °æ·ÎÁ¤º¸¸¦ ¾î´À ³ëµå¿¡ Àü´Þ Çϴ°¡¸¦ °¢ ³ëµå°¡ ÆÇ´ÜÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇÏ°í ±×Á¤º¸¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ ÆÐŶÀ» Àü´ÞÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â ±â´ÉÀ» ÇÑ´Ù.

¶ó¿ìÅ͵éÀº ÆÐŶÀ» ¸ñÀûÁö±îÁö Àü´ÞÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ ÀÎÁ¢ÇÑ ¶ó¿ìÅÍ »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ °æ·ÎÁ¤º¸¸¦ ÁÖ°í ¹Þ´Âµ¥, À̶§ÀÇ °æ·ÎÁ¤º¸¸¦ ÀÛ¼ºÇÏ°í Á¦¾îÇÏ´Â ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀ» ¶ó¿ìÆà ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀ̶ó ÇÑ´Ù. ÆÐŶ ½ºÀ§Äª ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­ ¶ó¿ìÆÃÀº ÆÐŶµéÀ» Àü¼ÛÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ ÃÖÀûÀÇ °æ·Î¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´Â °úÁ¤À̶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

¶ó¿ìÆõǴ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ±×·ìÀÇ ¹üÀ§¿¡ µû¶ó, AS³»¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¶ó¿ìÆà ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀÎ IGP¿Í AS»çÀÌ¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¶ó¿ìÆà ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀÎ EGP·Î ³ª´­ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

AS(Autonomous System) : ¶ó¿ìÆÃÀ» À§Çؼ­ ÀÚÀ²ÀûÀ¸·Î °ü¸® ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ±×·ì°ú °ÔÀÌÆ®¿þÀ̸¦ AS¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. AS´Â ³»ºÎ ¶ó¿ìÆà ±¸¼ºÀ» ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ¸ðµç ASÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© Á¤º¸¸¦ ¼öÁýÇÏ°í ´Ù¸¥ ASÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© Á¤º¸¸¦ Åë°ú ½Ãų Çϳª ÀÌ»óÀÇ °ÔÀÌÆ®¿þÀ̸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

  • IGP(Internal Gateway Protocol) : ¿©·¯ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ±×·ì Áß¿¡¼­ °°Àº ±×·ì ³»¿¡¼­ °æ·Î Á¤º¸¸¦ ±³È¯ÇÏ¿© Åë½ÅÀ» ÇÏ´Â ¶ó¿ìÆà ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ
    ¿¹)RIP, OSPF, IGRPµî
  • EGP (External Gateway Protocol) : ³×Æ®¿÷ÀÌ ´Ù¸¥, ±×·ì »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ °æ·ÎÁ¤º¸¸¦ ±³È¯ÇÏ¿© Åë½ÅÀ» ÇÏ´Â ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ
    ¿¹)BGPµî

RIP(Routing Infomation Protocol)

RIP´Â ÀÎÅ׸®¾î ¶ó¿ìÆà ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄݷμ­, ÇöÀç °¡Àå ³Î¸® »ç¿ëµÇ¾îÁö´Â ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ Áß ÇϳªÀ̸ç, ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ±¸¼º»ó °èÃþÀº ¾ø°í Æò¸éÀûÀÌ´Ù. RIP¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â MetricÀ» Hop Count(È©¼ö)¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. RIP¿¡¼­´Â µµ´ÞÇÒ ¸ñÀûÁöÀÇ °Å¸®(±æÀÌÀÇ °³³äÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï°í ¸î°³ÀÇ Gateway¸¦ °ÅÄ¡´Â°¡ÀÇ °³³ä)¸¦ ÃøÁ¤Çϱâ À§Çؼ­ È©¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ¾î¶² ÀÎÅ×ÆäÀ̽º¿¡ Á÷Á¢ ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ»¶§ È©¼ö´Â 0À̸ç, RIP·Î Åë½ÅÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÃÖ´ëÀÇ È©¼ö´Â 15ÀÌ´Ù. »ó´ë¹æ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ±îÁöÀÇ È©¼ö°¡ 16À» ÃÊ°ú ÇÒ ¶§´Â Åë½ÅÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù.

RIP´Â Distance Vector ¹æ½ÄÀ» ä¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄݷμ­ °¢°¢ÀÇ ¶ó¿ìÅÍ°¡, ÀÎÁ¢ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¶ó¿ìÅÍ¿Í ¶ó¿ìÆà Á¤º¸¸¦ ÁÖ±âÀûÀ¸·Î ±³È¯ÇÏ¿© ¶ó¿ìÆà Çϵµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. ÀÎÁ¢ÇÑ ¶ó¿ìÅͷκÎÅÍ ¹ÞÀº Á¤º¸´Â ¸Å30Ãʸ¶´Ù ¶ó¿ìÅÍÀÇ °¢ ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º·Î ¶ó¿ìÆÃÁ¤º¸¸¦ Àü´ÞÇϸç, ÀÌ Á¤º¸´Â °¢ ¶ó¿ìÅÍ¿¡¼­ µ¿ÀÛÇÒ¶§ »ç¿ëÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù.

Distance Vector ¾Ë°í¸®Áò


°¢°¢ÀÇ ¶ó¿ìÅÍ´Â ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ ÁÖ±â·Î ÀÎÁ¢ÇÑ ¶ó¿ìÅÍ·Î ¶ó¿ìÆà Á¤º¸¸¦ Èê·Á º¸³½´Ù. ¶ó¿ìÆà Á¤º¸ÀÇ º¯È­°¡ ¾øÀ» ¶§¿¡µµ ¶ó¿ìÅÍ´Â UpdateµÈ Á¤º¸¸¦ Èê·Á º¸³½´Ù.

RIP PROTOCOLÀÇ Setting ¹æ¹ý

°¢±â ´Ù¸¥ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¶ó¿ìÅÍ A¿Í B´Â Serial 0À» ÅëÇؼ­, RIP¸¦ È°¼ºÈ­ÇÏ¿© ¼­·ÎÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© Á¤º¸¸¦ ±³È¯ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á Åë½ÅÀ» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.

ROUTER A#config terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
ROUTER A#(config)#router rip
ROUTER A#(config-router)# network 130.10.0.0
ROUTER A#(config-router)# ^Z
ROUTER A#write
Building configuration...
[OK]
interface serial 0
ip address 130.10.62.1 255.255.255.0
interface ethernet 0
ip address 130.10.8.1 255.255.255.0
router rip
network 130.10.0.0
ROUTER B# config terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
ROUTER B#(config)#router rip
ROUTER B#(config-router)# network 130.10.0.0
ROUTER B#(config-router)# ^Z
ROUTER B#write
Building configuration...
[OK]
interface serial 0
ip address 130.10.62.2 255.255.255.0
interface ethnet 0
ip address 130.10.17.2 255.255.255.0
router rip
network 130.10.0.0

OSPF(Open Shortest Path Fast)

OSPFÀÇ ¶ó¿ìÆà ȯ°æÀº Area¿Í AS¶ó´Â µÎ°¡ÁöÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ä¼Ò¸¦ °¡Áö°í °èÃþÀûÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ´Ù. Area´Â ÀÎÁ¢ÇÑ OSPF ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿Í È£½ºÆ®µéÀÇ ÁýÇÕÀÌ°í, °¢ AreaµéÀº OSPF Autonomous System¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ³í¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î ³ª´©¾î Áø´Ù.

AS´Â OSPF ÀÎÅͳ×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡¼­ °¡Àå Å« °³Ã¼ÀÌ°í, °°Àº ¶ó¿ìÆà ¹æ¹ýÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ³×Æ®¿öÅ©µéÀÇ ÁýÇÕÀÌ´Ù.ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °èÃþÀûÀÎ ±¸¼ºÀº ¶ó¿ìÆà Å×À̺íÀ» °¨¼Ò½ÃÄÑ Æ®·¡ÇÈÀ» ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ¶ó¿ìÆà °æ·Î ¼±Åÿ¡ À־ È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ªÀº °æ·Î¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

OSPF´Â Link State ¹æ½ÄÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ÀÎÅ׸®¾î ¶ó¿ìÆà ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀÌ´Ù.

¶ó¿ìÅÍ´Â ÀÎÁ¢ÇÑ ¶ó¿ìÅÍ·Î ¶ó¿ìÅÍÀÇ ¸ðµç °æ·ÎÁ¤º¸¸¦ º¸³»´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó °¢ ¶ó¿ìÅÍÀÇ °íÀ¯ÀÇ Á¢¼ÓÁ¤º¸¸¸ Èê·Á º¸³½´Ù.Á¢¼ÓÁ¤º¸¸¦ ¹ÞÀº ÈÄ¿¡ °¢ ¶ó¿ìÅÍ´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¶ó¿ìÆà Å×À̺íÀ» °¡Áö°í ÃÖÀûÀÇ °æ·Î¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.

OSPF´Â RIP¿¡ ºñÇØ È©¼ö¿¡ Á¦ÇÑÀÌ ¾ø°í, Convergence ½Ã°£ÀÌ ºü¸£´Ù.(Convergence½Ã°£ : ¶ó¿ìÅÍÀÇ ¿¬°áÀÌ ´Ù¿îµÇ´Â µîÀÇ ¶ó¿ìÅÍÀÇ º¯È­°¡ »ý°åÀ» ¶§ ȸº¹µÇ´Â ½Ã°£)

OSPF´Â RIP¿Í °°ÀÌ ¶ó¿ìÆà Á¤º¸¸¦ ÁÖ±âÀûÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ º¯È­°¡ ÀÖÀ» ¶§¿¡¸¸ °»½ÅÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ´ë¿ªÀ» È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ¾îµå·¹½º¿¡¼­ VLSM(Variable Length Subnet Mask)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ÇÑÁ¤µÈ ¾îµå·¹½º¸¦ È¿À²ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.(VLSM: ¾î¶² Class³»ÀÇ ÇϳªÀÇ IP ¾îµå·¹½º¸¦ ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©·Î ÂÉ°³¾î ´Ù¾çÇÑ Å©±â·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.)

Link State ¾Ë°í¸®Áò

°¢°¢ÀÇ ¶ó¿ìÅÍ´Â °¢ ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽ºÀÇ Á¤º¸¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ Á¢¼ÓÁ¤º¸¸¦ »ý¼º, À¯ÁöÇÏ¿© ÇÑ AS³»ÀÇ ¸ðµç ¶ó¿ìÅÍ¿¡°Ô Á¢¼ÓÁ¤º¸¸¦ Àü´ÞÇÑ´Ù. ±× °á°ú ¶ó¿ìÅ͵éÀº °íÀ¯ÀÇ µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º¸¦ ÀÛ¼ºÇÏ¿© °¡Áö°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¸ðµç ¶ó¿ìÅÍ´Â ÃÖ´Ü°æ·Î ¾Ë°í¸®ÁòÀ¸·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÏ°í, Á¢¼ÓÁ¤º¸¸¦ ±âÃÊ·Î ÇÏ¿© ÃÖ´Ü °æ·Î¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ OSPFÀÇ ¸¹Àº ÀåÁ¡À¸·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¶ó¿ìÅÍ ¹ê´õµéÀº OSPF¸¦ Áö¿ø ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ°í, Á¡Â÷ RIP¿¡¼­ OSPF·Î ÀüȯÇÏ´Â Ãß¼¼ÀÌ¸ç ¸¹Àº ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ±¸¼º¿¡ À־ RIP¸¦ ´ë½Å ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

OSPF PROTOCOLÀÇ Setting ¹æ¹ý

RTA,RTB,RTC,RTD´Â Area 0.0.0.0 ¿¡¼­ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ Ethernet¿¡ ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖ°í RTA´Â Area 1¿¡µµ ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. RTA¿Í RTB´Â Process-id 10À» °¡Áö°í OSPF·Î Åë½ÅÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½Àº RTA¿Í RTB¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼ÂÆðªÀ̸ç, RTC¿Í RTDµµ RTB¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÏ°Ô ¼³Á¤µÈ´Ù.

RTA# conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
RTA# (config)#router ospf 10
RTA#( config-router)#network 203.250.13.1 0.0.0.0 area 1
RTA#(config-router)#network 203.250.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0.0.0.0
RTA#(config-router)# ^Z
RTA#wr
Building configuration...
[OK]
hostname RTA
interface loopback 0
ip address 203.250.13.41 255.255.255.0
interface ethernet 0
ip address 203.250.14.1 255.255.255.0
router ospf 10
network 203.250.13.1 0.0.0.0 area 1
network 203.250.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0.0.0.0
RTB# conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
RTB# (config)#router ospf 10
RTB#(config-router)# network 203.250.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0.0.0.0
RTB#(config-router)# ^Z
RTB#wr
Building configuration...
[OK]
hostname RTB
interface ethernet 0
ip address 203.250.14.2 255.255.255.0
router ospf 10
network 203.250.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0.0.0.0

BGP(Border Gateway Protocol)

BGP´Â AS »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ Åë½ÅÀ» ÇÏ´Â ÀͽºÅ׸®¾î ¶ó¿ìÆà ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀÌ´Ù. BGP´Â ´Ù¸¥ BGP½Ã½ºÅÛ°ú ½Å·Ú¼º ÀÖ´Â Á¤º¸¸¦ ±³È¯ÇÏ°í, ÀÌ Á¤º¸¿¡´Â Àü¼ÛµÇ¾î ¼­·Î Åë½ÅÇÏ°Ô µÉ AS³»ÀÇ ¸ðµç °æ·Î°¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´Ù. AS»çÀÌ¿¡¼­ Åë½ÅÇÏ´Â EBGP(External BGP)¿Í µ¿ÀÏ AS³»¿¡¼­ Åë½ÅÀ» ÇÏ´Â IBGP(Internal BGP)°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

BGP´Â Distance Vector ¾Ë°í¸®ÁòÀ¸·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö¸¸ RIP¿Í´Â ´Þ¸® ÁÖ±âÀûÀ¸·Î Á¤º¸ ±³È¯À» ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í º¯È­°¡ ÀÖÀ» ¶§¿¡¸¸ Á¤º¸¸¦ ±³È¯ÇÑ´Ù.

BGP´Â ÀÎÁ¢ÇÑ ¶ó¿ìÅÍ¿¡°Ô Keepalive ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ º¸³¿À¸·Î½á TCP ¿¬°áÀÌ ²÷¾î Á³´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀνÄÇϸç, Keepalive ¸Þ¼¼ÁöÀÇ ±Ç°í°ªÀº 30ÃÊÀÌ´Ù.

BGP´Â ÁÖ·Î º°µµÀÇ AS¸¦ °¡Áø ISP(Internet Service Provider)»çÀÌÀÇ Åë½Å¿¡ ÁÖ·Î ÀÌ¿ëµÈ´Ù.

IBGP´Â °¢ ¶ó¿ìÅͳ¢¸® MESH ÇüÅ·Π¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é, ¶ó¿ìÆà Á¤º¸¸¦ ÁÖ°í ¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù.R1Àº R2,R3ÀÇ ¶ó¿ìÆà Á¤º¸¸¦ ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸³ª R2·Î º¸³»Áö´Â ¾Ê´Â´Ù. NETWORK A¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ R3´Â R1À¸·Î ºÎÅÍ ¶ó¿ìÆà Á¤º¸°¡ BGP·Î´Â µé¾î ¿ÀÁö¸¸ IBGP·Î µé¾î¿À±â Àü±îÁö´Â R4·Î ¶ó¿ìÆà Á¤º¸¸¦ Èê·Á º¸³»Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.ÀÌ°ÍÀ» SynchronizationÀ̶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù.

BGP PROTOCOLÀÇ Setting ¹æ¹ý

°¢±â ´Ù¸¥ AS ¸¦ °¡Áø RTA¿Í RTB°¡ TCP ¿¬°áÀ» ÇÏ¿© BGP·Î ¶ó¿ìÆà Á¤º¸¸¦ ÁÖ°í ¹Þ´Â´Ù.

RTA# conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
RTA# (config)#router bgp 100
RTA# (config-router)# network 19.0.0.0
RTA#(config-router)# neighbor 15.1.1.2 remote-as 200
RTA#(config-router)# ^Z
RTA#wr
Building configuration...
[OK]
router bgp 100
network 19.0.0.0
neighbor 15.1.1.2 remote-as 200
RTB# conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
RTB# (config)#router bgp 200
RTB# (config-router)#network 15.0.0.0
RTB#(config-router)# neighbor 15.1.1.1 remote-as 100
RTB#(config-router)# ^Z
RTB#wr
Building configuration...
[OK]
router bgp 200
network 15.0.0.0
neighbor 15.1.1.1 remote-as 100

 


*** Router 1 ***

±âŸ °­ÀǽǷÎ...