RFC 2454 Network Working Group M. Daniele Request for Comments: 2454 Compaq Computer Corporation Category: Standards Track December 1998 IP Version 6 Management Information Base for the User Datagram Protocol Status of this Memo This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved. Abstract This document is one in the series of documents that define various MIB objects for IPv6. Specifically, this document is the MIB module which defines managed objects for implementations of the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) over IP Version 6 (IPv6). This document also recommends a specific policy with respect to the applicability of RFC 2013 for implementations of IPv6. Namely, that most of managed objects defined in RFC 2013 are independent of which IP versions underlie UDP, and only the UDP listener information is IP version-specific. This memo defines an experimental portion of the Management Information Base (MIB) for use with network management protocols in IPv6-based internets. 1. Introduction A management system contains: several (potentially many) nodes, each with a processing entity, termed an agent, which has access to management instrumentation; at least one management station; and, a management protocol, used to convey management information between the agents and management stations. Operations of the protocol are carried out under an administrative framework which defines authentication, authorization, access control, and privacy policies. Daniele Standards Track [Page 1] RFC 2454 UDP MIB for IPv6 December 1998 Management stations execute management applications which monitor and control managed elements. Managed elements are devices such as hosts, routers, terminal servers, etc., which are monitored and controlled via access to their management information. Management information is viewed as a collection of managed objects, residing in a virtual information store, termed the Management Information Base (MIB). Collections of related objects are defined in MIB modules. These modules are written using a subset of OSI's Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) [1], termed the Structure of Management Information (SMI) [2]. 2. Overview This document is one in the series of documents that define various MIB objects, and statements of conformance, for IPv6. This document defines the required instrumentation for implementations of UDP over IPv6. 3. Transparency of IP versions to UDP The fact that UDP is carried over IPv6 as opposed to IPv4, is largely invisible to a UDP implementation. A "UDPng" did not need to be defined, implementations simply need to support IPv6 addresses. As such, the managed objects already defined in [UDP MIB] are sufficient for managing UDP in the presence of IPv6. These objects are equally applicable whether the managed node supports IPv4 only, IPv6 only, or both IPv4 and IPv6. For example, udpInDatagrams counts "The total number of UDP datagrams delivered to UDP users", regardless of which version of IP is used to deliver any of those datagrams. Stated differently, UDP implementations don't need separate counters for IPv4 and for IPv6. 4. Representing UDP Listeners The exception to the statements in section 3 is the udpTable. Since IPv6 addresses cannot be represented with the IpAddress syntax, not all UDP endpoints can be represented in the udpTable defined in [UDP MIB]. This memo defines a new, separate table to represent only those UDP endpoints that utilize an IPv6 address. UDP endpoints on IPv4 addresses continue to be represented in udpTable [UDP MIB]. Daniele Standards Track [Page 2] RFC 2454 UDP MIB for IPv6 December 1998 A different approach would have been to define a new table to represent all UDP endpoints regardless of IP version. This would require changes to [UDP MIB] and hence to existing (IPv4-only) UDP implementations. The approach suggested in this memo has the advantage of leaving IPv4-only implementations intact. It is assumed that the objects defined in this memo will eventually be defined in an update to [UDP MIB]. For this reason, the module identity is assigned under the experimental portion of the MIB. 5. Conformance This memo contains conformance statements to define conformance to this MIB for UDP over IPv6 implementations. 6. Definitions IPV6-UDP-MIB DEFINITIONS ::= BEGIN IMPORTS MODULE-COMPLIANCE, OBJECT-GROUP FROM SNMPv2-CONF MODULE-IDENTITY, OBJECT-TYPE, mib-2, experimental FROM SNMPv2-SMI Ipv6Address, Ipv6IfIndexOrZero FROM IPV6-TC; ipv6UdpMIB MODULE-IDENTITY LAST-UPDATED "9801290000Z" ORGANIZATION "IETF IPv6 MIB Working Group" CONTACT-INFO " Mike Daniele Postal: Compaq Computer Corporation 110 Spitbrook Rd Nashua, NH 03062. US Phone: +1 603 884 1423 Email: daniele@zk3.dec.com" DESCRIPTION "The MIB module for entities implementing UDP over IPv6." ::= { experimental 87 } -- objects specific to UDP for IPv6 udp OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { mib-2 7 } -- the UDP over IPv6 Listener table Daniele Standards Track [Page 3] RFC 2454 UDP MIB for IPv6 December 1998 -- This table contains information about this entity's -- UDP/IPv6 endpoints. Only endpoints utilizing IPv6 addresses -- are contained in this table. This entity's UDP/IPv4 endpoints -- are contained in udpTable. ipv6UdpTable OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF Ipv6UdpEntry MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "A table containing UDP listener information for UDP/IPv6 endpoints." ::= { udp 6 } ipv6UdpEntry OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX Ipv6UdpEntry MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "Information about a particular current UDP listener. Note that conceptual rows in this table require an additional index object compared to udpTable, since IPv6 addresses are not guaranteed to be unique on the managed node." INDEX { ipv6UdpLocalAddress, ipv6UdpLocalPort, ipv6UdpIfIndex } ::= { ipv6UdpTable 1 } Ipv6UdpEntry ::= SEQUENCE { ipv6UdpLocalAddress Ipv6Address, ipv6UdpLocalPort INTEGER (0..65535), ipv6UdpIfIndex Ipv6IfIndexOrZero } ipv6UdpLocalAddress OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX Ipv6Address MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The local IPv6 address for this UDP listener. In the case of a UDP listener which is willing to accept datagrams for any IPv6 address associated with the managed node, the value ::0 is used." ::= { ipv6UdpEntry 1 } ipv6UdpLocalPort OBJECT-TYPE Daniele Standards Track [Page 4] RFC 2454 UDP MIB for IPv6 December 1998 SYNTAX INTEGER (0..65535) MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The local port number for this UDP listener." ::= { ipv6UdpEntry 2 } ipv6UdpIfIndex OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX Ipv6IfIndexOrZero MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION "An index object used to disambiguate conceptual rows in the table, since the ipv6UdpLocalAddress/ipv6UdpLocalPort pair may not be unique. This object identifies the local interface that is associated with ipv6UdpLocalAddress for this UDP listener. If such a local interface cannot be determined, this object should take on the value 0. (A possible example of this would be if the value of ipv6UdpLocalAddress is ::0.) The interface identified by a particular non-0 value of this index is the same interface as identified by the same value of ipv6IfIndex. The value of this object must remain constant during the life of this UDP endpoint." ::= { ipv6UdpEntry 3 } -- -- conformance information -- ipv6UdpConformance OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { ipv6UdpMIB 2 } ipv6UdpCompliances OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { ipv6UdpConformance 1 } ipv6UdpGroups OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { ipv6UdpConformance 2 } -- compliance statements ipv6UdpCompliance MODULE-COMPLIANCE STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The compliance statement for SNMPv2 entities which implement UDP over IPv6." MODULE -- this module MANDATORY-GROUPS { ipv6UdpGroup } Daniele Standards Track [Page 5] RFC 2454 UDP MIB for IPv6 December 1998 ::= { ipv6UdpCompliances 1 } ipv6UdpGroup OBJECT-GROUP OBJECTS { -- these are defined in this module -- ipv6UdpLocalAddress (not-accessible) -- ipv6UdpLocalPort (not-accessible) ipv6UdpIfIndex } STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The group of objects providing management of UDP over IPv6." ::= { ipv6UdpGroups 1 } END 7. Acknowledgments This memo is a product of the IPng work group, and benefited especially from the contributions of the following working group members: Dimitry Haskin Bay Networks Margaret Forsythe Epilogue Tim Hartrick Mentat Frank Solensky FTP Jack McCann DEC 8. References [1] Information processing systems - Open Systems Interconnection - Specification of Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1), International Organization for Standardization. International Standard 8824, (December, 1987). [2] McCloghrie, K., Editor, "Structure of Management Information for version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1902, January 1996. [UDP MIB] SNMPv2 Working Group, McCloghrie, K., Editor, "SNMPv2 Management Information Base for the User Datagram Protocol using SMIv2", RFC 2013, November 1996. [IPV6 MIB TC] Haskin, D., and S. Onishi, "Management Information Base for IP Version 6: Textual Conventions and General Group", RFC 2465, December 1998. Daniele Standards Track [Page 6] RFC 2454 UDP MIB for IPv6 December 1998 [IPV6] Deering, S., and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, December 1998. [RFC2274] Blumenthal, U., and B. Wijnen, "The User-Based Security Model for Version 3 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv3)", RFC 2274, January 1998. [RFC2275] Wijnen, B., Presuhn, R., and K. McCloghrie, "View-based Access Control Model for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)", RFC 2275, January 1998. 9. Security Considerations There are no management objects defined in this MIB that have a MAX- ACCESS clause of read-write and/or read-create. So, if this MIB is implemented correctly, then there is no risk that an intruder can alter or create any management objects of this MIB via direct SNMP SET operations. There are a number of managed objects in this MIB that may be considered to contain sensitive information in some environments. For example, the MIB identifies UDP ports on which processes are listening. Although this information might be considered sensitive in some environments (i.e., to identify ports on which to launch denial-of-service or other attacks), there are already other ways of obtaining similar information. For example, sending a random UDP packet to an unused port prompts the generation of an ICMP port unreachable message. Therefore, it may be important in some environments to control read access to these objects and possibly to even encrypt the values of these object when sending them over the network via SNMP. Not all versions of SNMP provide features for such a secure environment. SNMPv1 by itself does not provide encryption or strong authentication. It is recommended that the implementors consider the security features as provided by the SNMPv3 framework. Specifically, the use of the User-based Security Model [RFC2274] and the View-based Access Control Model [RFC2275] is recommended. It is then a customer/user responsibility to ensure that the SNMP entity giving access to an instance of this MIB, is properly configured to give access to those objects only to those principals (users) that have legitimate rights to access them. Daniele Standards Track [Page 7] RFC 2454 UDP MIB for IPv6 December 1998 10. Author's Address Mike Daniele Compaq Computer Corporation 110 Spit Brook Rd Nashua, NH 03062 Phone: +1-603-884-1423 EMail: daniele@zk3.dec.com Daniele Standards Track [Page 8] RFC 2454 UDP MIB for IPv6 December 1998 11. Full Copyright Statement Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved. This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than English. The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns. This document and the information contained herein is provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Daniele Standards Track [Page 9]