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±è½Â¿µ <nobreak@nobreak.com> Àú.
3rd Edition, ÃÖÁ¾¼öÁ¤ÀÏ 1999³â 6¿ù 16ÀÏ, Revision 3.1.6

HTML(Divided), HTML(Combined), TXT


À߸ø ¾²¿©Áø ³»¿ëÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¸é ¾à°£ÀÇ ½Ã°£À» ÇÒ¾ÖÇÏ¿© ÀúÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¾Ë·ÁÁֽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ´ÙÀ½ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ Áö½ÄÀ» Àü´ÞÇϴµ¥ Å« µµ¿òÀÌ µË´Ï´Ù. º» ±ÛÀÇ ÃÖÁ¾ ¼öÁ¤º»Àº 'http://www.kr.FreeBSD.org/doc/PoweredByDNS/' ¿¡¼­ ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ´Ù¸é ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô È°¿ëÇϼŵµ ÁÁ½À´Ï´Ù.

Domain Name SystemÀÇ ÀÌÇØ

Domain Name SystemÀ̶õ À̸§°ú IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ¸ÅÇÎÇÏ¿©ÁÖ´Â °Å´ëÇÑ ºÐ»ê ³×ÀÌ¹Ö ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ´Ù. ÀÎÅͳݿ¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â IP(Internet Protocol), ±×¸®°í IPÀÇ »óÀ§¿¡¼­ µ¿ÀÛÇÏ´Â ³Ý½ºÄÉÀÌÇÁ °°Àº ÀÀ¿ëµéÀº 210.105.79.103 °ú °°ÀÌ Ç¥ÇöµÇ´Â IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¸À» ÀνÄÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ IP ÁÖ¼Ò´Â ±â°èÀÔÀå¿¡¼± Çؼ®Çϱ⠼ö¿ùÇÏÁö¸¸ ±â¾ïÇϱⰡ ¾î·Æ°í, IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¸À¸·Î´Â ¼­ºñ½º À¯ÇüÀ» ¿¹ÃøÇϱâ Èûµé´Ù´Â ´ÜÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÎÅͳÝÀÇ µµÀÔ ½ÃÀýÀÎ ARPANET ½ÃÀýºÎÅÍ IP Address¸¦ À̸§À¸·Î ¸í¸íÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ³ë·ÂÀÌ ½ÃµµµÇ¾ú°í, ¸¹Àº ½ÃÇàÂø¿À´Â Áö±ÝÀÇ DNS ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁòÀ¸·Î ¹ßÀüÇÏ¿´´Ù.

ARPANET ½ÃÀý¿¡´Â È£½ºÆ®ÀÇ ¼ö°¡ ¸¹Áö ¾Ê¾Ò±â¿¡ NIC(Network Information Center)À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÏÁ¤ Áֱ⸶´Ù È£½ºÆ® ¸í´Ü ÆÄÀÏ(HOSTS.TXT)À» ¹Þ¾Æ /etc/hosts¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Á¡Â÷ ÀÎÅͳÝÀÇ ±Ô¸ð¿Í È£½ºÆ® ¼ö°¡ Áõ°¡ÇÔ¿¡ µû¶ó »õ·Î¿î À̸§ ¸í¸í üÁ¦ÀÇ Çʿ伺ÀÌ ´ëµÎµÇ¾ú°í, 1983³â Paul Mockapetris°¡ RFC882, RFC883(ÇöÀç´Â RFC1034·Î ´ëüµÊ)¿¡ »õ·Î¿î ¸í¸í üÁ¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±¸ÇöÀ» °ø½Ä ¹ßÇ¥Çϸç, Å©°Ô ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽ºÀÇ °èÃþ ±¸Á¶, ºÐ»ê µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º, Email ¶ó¿ìÆà °³¼±À» ÁÖ¾ÈÁ¡À¸·Î DNS°¡ ź»ýÇÏ¿´´Ù.

DNS Namespace

ARPANETÀÇ Áß¾Ó °ü¸® üÁ¦¿¡¼­´Â ÇϳªÀÇ ÆÄÀÏ·Î ¸ðµç È£½ºÆ®µéÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸, DNS¿¡¼­´Â ÀÌ°ÍÀ» °¢ µµ¸ÞÀÎ º°·Î Æ®¸®È­ ÇÏ¿© [±×¸² 1]°ú °°Àº ÇüÅ·Π°ü¸®ÇÑ´Ù.


[±×¸² 1] Namespace ¿¹Á¦

µð·ºÅ丮 ±¸Á¶¿Í À¯»çÇÔÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö Àִµ¥, Root domain(µµÆ®·Î Ç¥½ÃµÇ´Â)Àº Top level µµ¸ÞÀο¡ °üÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦, Top level µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº ±× ÇÏÀ§ µµ¸ÞÀο¡ °üÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ À¯Áö/°ü¸®ÇÏ´Â ±¸Á¶¸¦ ÃëÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¤º¸ÀÇ °èÃþ±¸Á¶·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© Á¤º¸´Â °¢ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö(NS:Name Server)·Î ºÐ»ê, °ü¸®µÈ´Ù.

¿¹·Î YAHOO.COM µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº COM ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡ µî·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖ°í, WWW.YAHOO.COMÀº YAHOO.COM ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡ µî·Ï, °ü¸®µÈ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ AV.YAHOO.COMÀ» µî·ÏÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â YAHOO.COM µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÇ °ü·Ã ·¹Äڵ常À» ¼öÁ¤ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ À§ÀÓ±¸Á¶´Â Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â ÀÎÅÍ³Ý È£½ºÆ®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ü¸®¸¦ È¿À²ÀûÀ¸·Î °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇØÁØ´Ù.

µµ¸ÞÀÎ ³×ÀÓ Resolving


[±×¸² 2] µµ¸ÞÀÎ 'WWW.YAHOO.COM'¿¡ ´ëÇÑ IP Resolving

Åë½ÅÀ» À§ÇÑ TCP/IP ÆÐŶ¿£ µµ¸ÞÀθíÀ» À§ÇÑ °ø°£ÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ µµ¸ÞÀÎ¸í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ IP º¯È¯ÀÛ¾÷(Resolving)À» ¼±ÇàÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥, [±×¸² 2]´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Resolving °úÁ¤À» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.

  1. Client»óÀÇ ÀÀ¿ëÀÌ 'WWW.YAHOO.COM'¿¡ Á¢¼ÓÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Local Name Server(TCP/IP ¼³Á¤½Ã ¸í½ÃÇÑ)¿¡ ÁúÀÇÇÑ´Ù.

  2. Local NS´Â ¸ÕÀú ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Ä³½¬¿¡ ÀÚ·á°¡ ÀÖ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇÑ ÈÄ ¹ß°ßµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ»½Ã Root NS(Root NSÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀº °®°íÀÖ´Ù)¿¡ ÁúÀǸ¦ ´øÁø´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Root NSµµ 'WWW.YAHOO.COM'ÀÇ ÀڷḦ °®°í ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¹Ç·Î, COM µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â NS¸¦ Âü°íÇ϶ó´Â ´äº¯À» º¸³»ÁØ´Ù.

  3. Local NS´Â ´Ù½Ã COM NS¿¡ ÁúÀǸ¦ ´øÁö°í, COM NS´Â ´Ù½Ã YAHOO.COMÀÇ NS¸¦ ÀÏ·¯ÁØ´Ù. (·çÆ®(µµÆ®)¿Í COM µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº Root NS¿¡¼­ °°ÀÌ °ü¸®µÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ½ÇÁ¦·Î º» °úÁ¤Àº ÀϾÁö ¾Ê°í (2)¹ø¿¡¼­ ¹Ù·Î YAHOO.COM NS¸¦ Âü°íÇ϶ó´Â ´äº¯ÀÌ ³ª¿Â´Ù.)

  4. Local NS´Â YAHOO.COM NS¿¡ ÁúÀÇÇÑ´Ù. YAHOO.COM NS´Â ¼­ºêµµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀڷḦ °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â ½ÇÁ¦ NS À̹ǷÎ, 'WWW.YAHOO.COM'¿¡ ´ëÇÑ IP 204.71.200.74¸¦ ´äº¯(authoritative answer) ÇÑ´Ù. (½ÇÁ¦ 'WWW.YAHOO.COM'¿¡ ´ëÇÑ IP¸¦ resolving ÇÏ¸é ¸Å¹ø ´Ù¸¥ IP ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ ³Ñ¾î¿À´Â °ÍÀ» º¼ ¼ö Àִµ¥, ÀÌ´Â »çÀÌÆ®°¡ ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¹Ì·¯¸µ ¼­¹ö·Î ¿î¿µµÇ°í, ºÎÇÏ °øÀ¯¸¦ À§ÇØ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´Ù¼öÀÇ IP¸¦ ¸ÅÇÎÇÏ¿´±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. (Âü°í: "¹Ì·¯¸µ ¼­¹ö°£ÀÇ ºÎÇÏ °øÀ¯")

  5. ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î, Local NS´Â Client¿¡°Ô °á°ú¸¦ Àü¼ÛÇÑ´Ù.

µµ¸ÞÀÎ¸í¿¡ »ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÑ ¹®Àڼ (Âü°í: RFC1035 p7, RFC1032 p2)

'A-Z', 'a-z', '0-9', '-' °¡ »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. µµ¸ÞÀθíÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã ¼ýÀÚ³ª ¹®ÀÚ·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿©¾ß Çϸç, ÀüºÎ ¼ýÀÚ¿©¼­´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù. (Ãʱâ [RFC1035]¿¡¼­´Â µµ¸ÞÀθíÀÌ ¹Ýµå½Ã ¹®ÀÚ·Î ½ÃÀÛÇϵµ·Ï Á¦ÇÑÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸, [RFC1123 p12]¿¡¼­ ¿ÏÈ­µÇ¾î 3com.com °°Àº µµ¸ÞÀÎ »ç¿ëÀÌ Çã¶ôµÇ¾ú´Ù.) ¶ÇÇÑ ÇÏÀÌÇÂÀÌ ¾Õ/µÚ¿¡ »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ¾ø°í, µµÆ®·Î ºÐ¸®µÇ´Â °¢ ¹®ÀÚ¿­(Each segment)Àº ÃÖ°í 63 ´Ü¾î(octet)±îÁö »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ±¸ÇöµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç(NIC¿¡¼­´Â 12´Ü¾î ÀÌÇÏ·Î »ç¿ëÇϱ⸦ ±ÇÀå), ´ë/¼Ò¹®ÀÚ´Â ±¸ºÐµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.

µ¡ºÙ¿©, µµ¸ÞÀθíÀº µî·Ï±â°ü(KRNIC, INTERNIC µî)¿¡ µû¶ó, Á¶±Ý¾¿ »óÀÌÇÑ ±ÔÄ¢ÀÌ Àû¿ëµÊÀ» À¯ÀÇÇÏÀÚ. KRNICÀº ¼ýÀÚ·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â µµ¸ÞÀθíÀ» Çã¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¹Ý¸é ¼¼±×¸ÕÆ®¸¦ 63ÀÚ±îÁö Ç®¾îÁÖÁö¸¸, INTERNIC¿¡¼­´Â ¼ýÀÚ·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ Çã¿ëµÇ°í, ¼¼±×¸ÕÆ®°¡ 22ÀÚ·Î Á¦ÇÑÇÑ´Ù.

Âü°í·Î µµ¸ÞÀθíÀº Åë»óÀûÀ¸·Î Email¿¡µµ »ç¿ëµÇ¹Ç·Î RFC822 ±ÔÄ¢µµ ÁؼöÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖÀ½À» ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÀÌ´Â ÃæºÐÈ÷ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿ö ¾ÕÀÇ ±ÔÄ¢À» Æ÷¿ëÇϹǷÎ, Å©°Ô ½Å°æ¾µ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø°Ú´Ù.

(Á¦À۵Ǵ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾îµéÀº Ç¥ÁØÀÇ ±Ô°Ýº¸´Ù È®ÀåµÇ°í À¯¿¬ÇÏ°Ô ±¸ÇöµÇ¾î ½ÇÁ¦ ¼ýÀڷθ¸ µÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎ(¿¹:411.com)µµ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ Ç¥ÁØ¿¡ À§¹èµÇ´Â °ÍÀº ¸ðµç ÀÀ¿ë¿¡¼­ Åë¿ëµÇ¸®¶ó ±â´ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â ¸»À̱⵵ ÇÏ´Ù)

Name Server ¿î¿µ

Name Server À¯Çü

³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö´Â Primary, Secondary, Cache only server·Î ±¸ºÐµÈ´Ù.

Primary server´Â ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â ÁÖ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÌ°í, Secondary server´Â ƯÁ¤ µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ back-up copy¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â ¼­¹öÀÌ´Ù. Secondary´Â Primary°¡ ºñÁ¤»ó ¿îÇàµÉ ¶§¿Í ºÎÇϸ¦ ºÐ»ê½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇØ ¿î¿ëÇϸç, ´Ù¼ö°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. º¸Åë µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» °ü¸®Çϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â Primary, Secondary ¼­¹ö°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸ç, Secondary´Â ¿øÄ¢ÀûÀ¸·Ð ¿ÜºÎ ³×Æ®¿÷¿¡ À§Ä¡½ÃÄÑ Á¤Àü µîÀÇ »çÅ·ΠPrimary°¡ ´Ù¿îµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§¸¦ ´ëºñÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­, µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¿î¿µÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â ÃÖ¼Ò 2´ë(Primary * 1, Secondary * n) ÀÌ»óÀÇ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ ¿ä±¸µÈ´Ù.(±â¼úÀûÀ¸·Î´Â Primary ¸¸À¸·Îµµ ¿î¿µÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ°í, ResolverÀÇ ÀÔÀå¿¡¼­´Â Primary¿Í Secondary°¡ ±¸ºÐµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.)

Cache only server´Â µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ °ü¸®ÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê°í, resolving¸¸À» ó¸®ÇØ ÁØ´Ù. ¸¸¾à, º»»ç¿Í Áö»ç°¡ ÀÖ°í ÀÌ È¸»çÀÇ Primary, Secondary Name server°¡ ¸ðµÎ º»»ç¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÒ ¶§, Áö»ç¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© À¯ÀúµéÀº Local DNS server°¡ ¾ø°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·² °æ¿ì µµ¸ÞÀÎ resolvingÀÌ ¿ä±¸µÉ ¶§¸¶´Ù ´Ù¸¥ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©(º»»ç)·Î Á¢¼ÓÀ» ½ÃµµÇÏ°Ô µÇ¹Ç·Î ¾à°£ÀÇ µô·¹ÀÌ°¡ »ý±â°Ô µÇ¸ç, º»»ç ³×Æ®¿öÅ©°¡ ´ÜÀý µÇ¾úÀ»½Ã Áö»çµµ ½ÇÁúÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÎÅÍ³Ý »ç¿ëÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ ´ÜÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·² ¶§ Áö»ç¿¡ Cache only server¸¦ ¿î¿ëÇϸé È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

BIND(Berkeley Internet Name Daemon) ¼³Ä¡

Name server¸¦ ¿î¿ëÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â ¼­¹öÃø µ¥¸ó ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥, ÀÌÁß BIND´Â db ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ±¸¼ºÀÌ ¼Õ½±°í Ç¥ÁØÀ» Ãæ½ÇÈ÷ µû¸¥ °ËÁõµÈ µµ±¸·Î¼­ ÀÎÅͳݿ¡¼­ °¡Àå ³Î¸® »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ Unix ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­´Â BIND°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. /usr/sbin µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ in.named ȤÀº named°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÔÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ°í, BIND°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¼³Ä¡µÈ BINDÀÇ ¹öÀüÀ» È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù. (BIND°¡ µ¿ÀÛÁßÀÌ¿©¾ß ÇÔ)


$ dig @ns.nobreak.com txt chaos version.bind. | grep VERSION

VERSION.BIND.           0S CHAOS TXT    "8.2"

'http://www.isc.org/bind.html'¿¡¼­ BINDÀÇ ÃֽŹöÁ¯À» È®ÀÎÇÏ°í, ¹öÀüÂ÷ÀÌ°¡ ¸¹°Å³ª ÇöÀç ¹öÀü¿¡ ½É°¢ÇÑ ¹®Á¦°¡ º¸°íµÇ¾ú´Ù¸é, ¾÷±×·¹À̵带 °í·ÁÇÏ°í, BIND-4°¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù¸é, BIND-8·Î ¸¶À̱׷¹À̼ÇÇÏ¿© »õ·Î¿î È帧¿¡ Á¶ÀÎÇϴ°͵µ ³ª»ÚÁö ¾Ê°Ú´Ù.

BINDÀÇ ¼³Ä¡´Â ¸Å¿ì °£´ÜÇÏ´Ù. 'ftp://ftp.isc.org/isc/bind/src/'¿¡¼­ ÃֽŠ¹öÀüÀÇ ¼Ò½º¸¦ ³»·Á¹Þ¾Æ, ¾ÐÃàÀ» ǬÈÄ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¸í·ÉÀ» ÀÔ·ÂÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¼³Ä¡¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÀüºÎÀÌ´Ù.


# make clean depend all install

±×¸®°í, ½Ã½ºÅÛ rc ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ÀûÀýÈ÷ ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ¿© ½Ã½ºÅÛ ºÎÆýà BIND°¡ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ±¸µ¿µÉ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. (FreeBSD: /etc/rc.conf, /etc/rc.network | Solaris: /etc/init.d/inetsvc | Linux /etc/rc.d/init.d/named)

Windows NT, OS/2, MacOS µî¿¡¼­ BIND¸¦ ¿î¿ëÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ´ÙÀ½ ÆäÀÌÁö¸¦ Âü°íÇÏÀÚ.

ÆÛºí¸¯ µµ¸ÞÀÎ(Public Domain) ½Åû

Primary, Secondary ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ ÁغñµÇ¾ú°í, ½ÅûÇÒ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ °áÁ¤µÇ¾ú´Ù¸é, »óÀ§ µµ¸ÞÀÎ °ü¸® ±â°ü("YourDomain.COM"Àº Internic, YourDomain.CO.KRÀº Krnic)¿¡ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ½ÅûÇÏ¿© ¹ß±Þ(³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º»ó¿¡ ¸µÅ©) ¹Þ°Ô µÈ´Ù. µµ¸ÞÀÎ ½Åû¾ç½ÄÀº ±â°ü¸¶´Ù Á¶±Ý¾¿ »óÀÌÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ë±â°ü, Ã¥ÀÓÀÚ, °ü¸®ÀÚ, °áÁ¦ÀÚ , ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö Á¤º¸°¡ ¿ä±¸µÈ´Ù. ÀÌÁß ½Åû µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º¿¡ ¸µÅ©Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö Á¤º¸´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ´Ù.


2.   Complete Domain Name.......: NOBREAK.COM

7a.  Primary Server Hostname....: NS.NOBREAK.COM

7b.  Primary Server Netaddress..: 210.105.79.2

8a.  Secondary Server Hostname..: ftp2.nobreak.com

8b.  Secondary Server Netaddress: 210.105.79.3

"NOBREAK.COM"ÀÌ µî·ÏµÇ¾ú´Ù´Â ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù¸é, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ µî·Ï ¿©ºÎ¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù.


$ nslookup -type=ns nobreak.com

Server:  ns.nobreak.com

Address:  0.0.0.0



nobreak.com     nameserver = ns.nobreak.com

nobreak.com     nameserver = ftp2.nobreak.com

ns.nobreak.com internet address = 210.105.79.2

ftp2.nobreak.com  internet address = 210.105.79.3

ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ ½ÅûÇÑ °Í°ú °°ÀÌ Ç¥½ÃµÈ´Ù¸é, µî·ÏÀÌ ¹Ù¸£°Ô ÁøÇàµÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¾ÆÁ÷ µî·ÏÀÌ ¾ÈµÇ¾ú´Ù¸é, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.


*** local.name.server can't find nobreak.com.: Non-existent host/domain

"µµ¸ÞÀÎ NOBREAK.COMÀ» ½ÅûÇϴµ¥ ¾î¶»°Ô ±× ÇϺο¡ ÀÖ´Â NS.NOBREAK.COM, ftp2.nobreak.comÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï±î?" "NS.NOBREAK.COMÀº NOBREAK.COM µµ¸ÞÀÎ ½ÅûÀÌ ¿Ï·áµÈ ÈÄ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡¼­ ¼³Á¤ ÇØÁÖ¾î¾ß »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï±î?"¶ó´Â Àǹ®ÀÌ µé ¼ö Àִµ¥, ¾î¶² µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ÇÏÀ§ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ¸·Î À§ÀÓÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö Á¤º¸´Â »óÀ§ µµ¸ÞÀο¡¼­ °ü¸®µÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. (Âü°í: "±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå")

Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀÎ(Inverse Domain) ½Åû

Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº IP¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¿ªÀ¸·Î ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â ¼­ºñ½ºÀÌ´Ù. º¸Åë ISP(Internet Service Provider)¿¡¼­ IP¸¦ ÇÒ´ç¹ÞÀ» ¶§ °°ÀÌ ½ÅûÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ in-addr.arpa ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º¿¡ µî·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù.


$ nslookup -type=ns 79.105.210.in-addr.arpa (C Class 210.105.79.x¸¦ ÇÒ´ç ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» °æ¿ì)

Server:  ns.nobreak.com

Address:  0.0.0.0



79.105.210.in-addr.arpa nameserver = ns.nobreak.com

79.105.210.in-addr.arpa nameserver = ftp2.nobreak.com

ns.nobreak.com  internet address = 210.105.79.2

ftp2.nobreak.com internet address = 210.105.79.3

¸¸¾à ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¸Þ½ÃÁö°¡ ³ª¿Â´Ù¸é, Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀÎ µî·ÏÀÌ ¾ÈµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ̹ǷÎ, ÇØ´ç ISP¿¡ ½ÅûÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.


*** ns.nobreak.com can't find 79.105.210.in-addr.arpa.: Non-existent host/domain

Name Server ¼³Á¤

[±×¸² 3]Àº 'NOBREAK.COM' µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ °¡»ó ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ±¸¼ºµµ ÀÌ´Ù.


[±×¸² 3] ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ±¸¼ºµµ

³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿£ ¼­¹ö°¡ 3´ë ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. DNS¸¦ ±¸ÃàÇϱâ Àü¿¡, ±×¸²°ú °°ÀÌ ¹Ì¸® °¢ ¼­¹ö¿¡ È£½ºÆ®¸í°ú IP¸¦ ºÎ¿©ÇÏÀÚ. º¸Åë ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö´Â ns(primary), ns2(secondary)¸¦ È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ°í, IP 1(ÇÒÇÁ·Î ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» °æ¿ì¿£ 129)À» ¶ó¿ìÅÍ È¤Àº ½ºÀ§Ä¡, 2¸¦ NS, 3À» NS2¿¡ ÇÒ´çÇÑ´Ù. µµ¸ÞÀÎ NOBREAK.COMÀº ¾Õ¼­ Internic¿¡ ½ÅûÇÏ¿´À¸´Ï, NS.NOBREAK.COM, ftp2.nobreak.com¿¡ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö ¼³Á¤À» ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.

BIND-4 ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ named.boot

BIND-4 ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ named.boot´Â BIND ½Ãµ¿½Ã ÂüÁ¶µÇ¸ç, ³×ÀÓ µ¥¸óÀÌ ÇÊ¿ä·Î Çϴ ȯ°æÁ¤º¸¿Í ¿î¿µÇÒ µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ Primary/Secondary ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ±â¼úµÈ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ /etc/named.boot¿¡ À§Ä¡Çϸç, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ À¯´Ð½º ½ºÅ¸Æ®¾÷ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏ¸é ½Ãµ¿½Ã BIND¸¦ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ±¸µ¿ÇÑ´Ù. ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ»óÀÇ ¸ðµç ¿£Æ®¸®´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã 1¿­ ¿¡¼­ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿©¾ß Çϸç ';'Àº ÁÖ¼®À» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù.


directory  /var/named

'directory' ¿£Æ®¸®´Â °ü·Ã ÆÄÀϵéÀÌ À§Ä¡ÇÑ °æ·Î¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. ÀÌ °æ·Î´Â ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ÆÄÀϵéÀÇ º£À̽º °æ·Î·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ÆÄÀϵéÀº º» °æ·Î¸¦ ±âÁØÀ¸·Î »ó´ë°æ·Î Ç¥±âÇØ¾ß ÇÏ¸ç ¿©±â¼­´Â /var/named µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ º£À̽º µð·ºÅ丮·Î ÇÑ´Ù. (´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛ ±âº» º£À̽º °æ·Î´Â /var/named, /etc/named ȤÀº /etc/namedb ÀÌ´Ù.)


cache  . named.root

cache ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ¸» ±×´ë·ÎÀÇ Ä³½¬°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ·çÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö Á¤º¸°¡ µé¾îÀÖ´Â µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ÆÄÀÏÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. BIND´Â Ÿ µµ¸ÞÀÎ Á¤º¸¸¦ ·çÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡¼­ºÎÅÍ ÃßÀûÇϴµ¥, ÀÌ ·çÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ º» ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ ÂüÁ¶ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. '/var/named/named.root'¿Í °°ÀÌ º£À̽º µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ À§Ä¡½ÃÅ°¸é µÈ´Ù.

ij½¬ ÆÄÀÏÀº Internic¿¡¼­ ¹èÆ÷Çϸç, 'ftp://ftp.rs.internic.net/domain/named.root'¿¡¼­ ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ·çÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö ¸ñ·ÏÀÌ ÀÚÁÖ ¼öÁ¤µÇÁø ¾ÊÁö¸¸ Á¶±Ý¾¿ ¹Ù²î±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ¸î ´Þ¿¡ Çѹø¾¿Àº ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ® ÇØÁÙ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ CronÀ¸·Î Á¤±âÀûÀ¸·Î ¼öÇàÇØ Ä³½¬ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®ÇÏ´Â °Íµµ ÁÁÀº ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù.


primary  nobreak.com  zone-nobreak.com

ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇØ Primary ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÔÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹´Â nobreak.com µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇØ º» ¼­¹ö°¡ Primary À̸ç, µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ÆÄÀÏÀº /var/named/zone-nobreak.com ÀÓÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.


secondary  nobreak.com  210.105.79.2  sec-nobreak.com

µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇØ Secondary ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù. ¼¼ ¹ø° Çʵå´Â Primary ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÇ IP ÁÖ¼ÒÀÌ°í, ³× ¹ø° Çʵå´Â Primary¿¡¼­ Àü¼Û ¹ÞÀº zone ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÀúÀåµÉ ÆÄÀϸíÀÌ´Ù. 210.105.79.2·ÎºÎÅÍ nobreak.com µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ Àü¼Û(Zone Transfer)¹Þ¾Æ /var/named/sec-nobreak.com·Î °ü¸®ÇÔÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù.

[±×¸² 3]ÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÛ¼ºµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.


¡Ø NS.NOBREAK.COM(Primary NS)ÀÇ /etc/named.boot ÆÄÀÏ

directory                           /var/named

cache      .                        named.root

primary    0.0.127.in-addr.arpa     zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa    ; loopback

primary    79.105.210.in-addr.arpa  zone-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa ; Reverse ZONE

primary    nobreak.com              zone-nobreak.com             ; Forward ZONE

'0.0.127.in-addr.arpa'´Â loopback ÁÖ¼Ò 127.0.0.1¸¦ À§ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. loopback ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡, 'primary 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa ...'¿Í °°Àº ¶óÀÎÀº ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¶´Ù °®°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±× ´ÙÀ½ µÎ ¶óÀÎÀÌ ÇÒ´ç¹ÞÀº C Class IP ºí¶ô 210.105.79¿Í µµ¸ÞÀÎ 'nobreak.com'À» À§ÇÑ ¼³Á¤ÀÌ´Ù.


¡Ø ftp2.nobreak.com(Secondary NS)ÀÇ /etc/named.boot ÆÄÀÏ

directory                           /var/named

cache      .                        named.root

primary    0.0.127.in-addr.arpa     zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa

secondary  79.105.210.in-addr.arpa  210.105.79.2  sec-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa

secondary  nobreak.com              210.105.79.2  sec-nobreak.com

Secondary ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö ¼³Á¤ÀÌ´Ù. loopbackÀº Primary·Î ³õ¾ÆµÐ´Ù. SecondaryÀÇ ¼³Á¤Àº ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ÀüºÎÀÌ´Ù. (/var/named/zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa´Â ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÔ)

Secondary´Â ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ Primary¿¡ Á¢¼ÓÇÏ¿© µ¥ÀÌÅÍ º£À̽º¸¦ Àü¼Û¹Þ¾Æ, sec-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa, sec-nobreak.comÀ¸·Î ÀúÀå, °ü¸®ÇÑ´Ù.

BIND-8 ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ named.conf

BIND-4¿Í BIND-8ÀÇ °ü·Ã ÆÄÀÏ ÀÛ¼º¹ýÁß À¯ÀÏÇÏ°Ô Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ³ª´Â ºÎºÐÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀÌ´Ù. BIND-8 ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ±¸¼ºÀº BIND-4¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÏÁö¸¸, ¸¹Àº ºÎºÐ Ãß°¡ È®ÀåµÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡, À̸¦ ¼ö¿ëÇÏ°í ¾ÕÀ¸·ÎÀÇ Ãß°¡»çÇ×À» ¼Õ½±°Ô Àû¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÆÄÀÏ Æ÷¸ËÀÌ º¯°æµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±¸¹öÁ¯ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ°úÀÇ È¥µ¿À» ¸·±âÀ§ÇØ named.conf·Î ¸®³×ÀÓ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¾î¶»°Ô º¸¸é C ¾ð¾îÀÇ ¹®¹ý°ú ¸Å¿ì Èí»çÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¼³Á¤À» Á»´õ ¼¼¹ÐÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÀÛ¼º¹ýÀÌ ¹Ù²î¾úÀ» »Ó, BIND-4ÀÇ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ°ú Å©°Ô ´Ù¸¦ °ÍÀº ¾ø´Ù. ´ÙÀ½Àº ¾Õ¼­ ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ BIND-4 ±â¹Ý ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀ» BIND-8¿¡ ¸Â°Ô º¯È¯ÇÑ ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î BIND-8 ±â¹ÝÀÇ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀº ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ³ª¿­µÈ ·¹ÄÚµåÁ¤µµ¸¸ÀÌ È°¿ëµÇÁö¸¸, Àç¹Ì³­ ºÎºÐÀÌ ¸¹À¸¹Ç·Î Á»´õ ±í¼÷È÷ ¾Ë°í ½Í´Ù¸é 'http://www.isc.org/bind8/config.html'¸¦ Âü°íÇϱ⠹ٶõ´Ù.

´ÙÀ½Àº Primary ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ À§ÇÑ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀÌ´Ù.


¡Ø NS.NOBREAK.COM(Primary NS)ÀÇ /etc/named.conf ÆÄÀÏ

// ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÁÖ¼®ÀÌ´Ù. BIND-8¿¡¼­ ';'Àº ÁÖ¼®ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¶óÀÎÀÇ ³¡À» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù.

options {

        directory "/var/named";             // Zone ÆÄÀÏÀÇ º£À̽º µð·ºÅ丮

        dump-file "/var/tmp/named_dump.db"; // Dump ÆÄÀÏÀÌ »ý¼ºµÇ´Â °æ·Î

        statistics-file "/var/tmp/named.stats"; // Åë°è ÆÄÀÏÀÌ »ý¼ºµÇ´Â °æ·Î

        pid-file  "/var/run/named.pid";     // ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º ID°¡ ´ã±ä ÆÄÀÏ »ý¼º °æ·Î

};

logging {   // ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ³²±âÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.

        category lame-servers { null; };

        category cname { null; };

        category response-checks { null; };

        category notify { null; };

};



zone "." IN {                       // ij½¬ ÆÄÀÏ

        type hint;

        file "named.root";

};

zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {    // localhost¸¦ À§ÇÑ Primary µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¼³Á¤

        type master;

        file "zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa";

};

zone "79.105.210.in-addr.arpa" IN { // ÇÒ´ç IP ºí¶ô¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Reverse Zone

        type master;

        file "zone-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa";

};

zone "nobreak.com" IN {             // µµ¸ÞÀÎ 'NOBREAK.COM'¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Forward Zone

        type master;

        file "zone-nobreak.com";

};

Secondary ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ À§ÇÑ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÛ¼ºµÈ´Ù.


¡Ø ftp2.nobreak.com(Secondary NS)ÀÇ /etc/named.conf ÆÄÀÏ

options {

        directory "/var/named";

};

logging {

        category lame-servers { null; };

        category cname { null; };

};



zone "." IN {

        type hint;

        file "named.root";

};

zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {    // localhost¸¦ À§ÇÑ Primary µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¼³Á¤

        type master;

        file "zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa";

};

zone "79.105.210.in-addr.arpa" IN { // Reverse Zone¿¡´ëÇÑ Secondary ¼³Á¤

        type slave;

        file "sec-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa";

        masters { 210.105.79.2; };  // Primary NSÀÇ IP ÁÖ¼Ò

};

zone "nobreak.com" IN {             // 'NOBREAK.COM'ÀÇ Secondary ¼³Á¤

        type slave;

        file "sec-nobreak.com";

        masters { 210.105.79.2; };

};

Forward & Reverse Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º

Zone ÆÄÀÏÀº Forward, Reverse µÎ °¡Áö·Î ±¸ºÐµÈ´Ù. Forward ZoneÀº µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ IP Á¤º¸¸¦ °®°í ÀÖ´Â µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽ºÀÌ°í, Reverse ZoneÀº IP¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µµ¸ÞÀÎÁ¤º¸¸¦ °®´Â µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽ºÀÌ´Ù. ¾Õ¼­ named.boot ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ loopback, 79.105.210.in-addr.arpa, nobreak.com µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇØ Primary·Î µ¿ÀÛÇϵµ·Ï ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌÁß zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa¿Í zone-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa°¡ Reverse Zone ÆÄÀÏÀÌ°í, zone-nobreak.comÀÌ Forward Zone ÆÄÀÏÀÌ´Ù. Zone ÆÄÀÏÀº BIND-4¿Í BIND-8¿¡¼­ ÀÛ¼º¹ýÀÌ µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´Ù.

¸ÕÀú [±×¸² 3]ÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ±¸¼º¿¡ µû¶ó Forward Zone ÆÄÀÏ zone-nobreak.comÀ» ÀÛ¼ºÇÏ¿© º¸ÀÚ.

SOA ·¹ÄÚµå (Start Of Authority)

Zone ÆÄÀÏÀº Ç×»ó SOA ·¹ÄÚµå·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù. SOA ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎ, nobreak.com¿¡ ´ëÇØ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ ÀÎÁõ(authoritative)µÈ ÀڷḦ °®°í ÀÖÀ½À» ÀǹÌÇϸç, ÀÚ·á°¡ ÃÖÀûÀÇ »óÅ·ΠÀ¯Áö, °ü¸®µÉ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.


nobreak.com. IN  SOA  ns.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nobreak.com. (

                      1998122800  ;Serial

                      21600       ;Refresh ( 6 hours)

                      1800        ;Retry   (30 minutes)

                      1209600     ;Expire  (14 days)

                      86400)      ;Minimum ( 1 day)

1¿­¿¡´Â ÇØ´ç Zone ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µµ¸ÞÀθíÀÌ µé¾î°£´Ù. µµ¸ÞÀÎ¸í ³¡ÀÇ µµÆ®¸¦ ÀØÁö ¸»ÀÚ. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ µµ¸ÞÀÎ¸í ´ë½Å '@' Ç¥½Ã¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©µµ µÈ´Ù.


@            IN  SOA  ns.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nobreak.com. (

IN(Internet)Àº Ŭ·¡½º¸íÀÌ´Ù. HS, HESIOD, CHAOS¿Í °°Àº Ŭ·¡½ºµµ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö¸¸, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¹Ç·Î Ç×»ó INÀÌ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏÀÚ.

SOA ´ÙÀ½¿£ Primary ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿Í °ü¸®ÀÚ Email ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ µé¾î°£´Ù. 'hostmaster.nobreak.com.'ÀÌ Email ÁÖ¼ÒÀε¥, ÀϹÝÀû Email Ç¥±â¹ý¿¡¼­ '@'¸¦ µµÆ®·Î ¹Ù²Ù¾î ¾²¸é µÈ´Ù. º» EmailÀº ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ÄÜÅà Æ÷ÀÎÆ®(Responsible Person)·Î¼­ µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÒ °æ¿ì À̸¦ ¸®Æ÷ÆÃÇÏ´Â ¿ëµµ·Î »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. Namespace¸¦ ÂÑÀ¸¸ç µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¿À·ù¸¦ Á¡°ËÇÏ´Â 'lamers'¿Í °°Àº µµ±¸µéÀº ¹®Á¦°¡ °ËÃâµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ º» Email·Î ÅëÁöÇÏ¿© ÁØ´Ù.

´ÙÀ½ °ýÈ£·Î µÑ·¯½ÎÀÎ ºÎºÐ¿£ Serial, Refresh, Retry, Expire, Minimum 5°³ÀÇ ½Ã°£(ÃÊ) Çʵ尡 ³õÀδÙ. MinimumÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇÑ 4°³ Çʵå´Â Secondary ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ Á¦¾îÇϱâ À§ÇÑ °ªÀÌ´Ù. ±âº» ´ÜÀ§´Â 'ÃÊ'ÀÌ°í, ´ÜÀ§±âÈ£ M(Minute), H(Hour), D(Day), W(Week)¸¦ ºÙ¿© 30M, 8H, 2D, 1W¿Í °°ÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.

NS(Name Server) ·¹ÄÚµå

NS ·¹ÄÚµå·Î ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.


nobreak.com.   IN  NS      ns.nobreak.com.

               IN  NS      ftp2.nobreak.com.

¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ NSÀÇ È°¿ëÀ¸·Î´Â, °Å´ë µµ¸ÞÀο¡¼­ ¼­ºê µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ´Ù¸¥ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö·Î À§ÀÓÇÒ¶§ ÀÌ´Ù. Namespace»óÀÇ °¡Áö¿¬°áÀº ÀÌ NS ·¹ÄÚµå·Î ÀÌ·ç¾î Áö´Âµ¥, °Å´ë µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÏ °æ¿ì ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ºÎºÐÀ̹ǷÎ, ¿©±â¼­´Â ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ À§ÀÓ Á¤º¸¸¸À» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù°í ¾Ë¾ÆµÎÀÚ. "µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓ"¿¡¼­ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ´Ù·é´Ù.

A(Address) & CNAME(Canonical Name) ·¹ÄÚµå

A ·¹ÄÚµå´Â µµ¸ÞÀο¡ IP¸¦ ºÎ¿©ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ ¼³Á¤À» º¸ÀÚ. mail°ú power¿¡ A ·¹ÄÚµå·Î IP¸¦ ¸ÅÇÎ ÇÏ¿´´Ù. (mail°ú 'mail.nobreak.com.'Àº µ¿ÀÏÇÏ°Ô Çؼ®µÈ´Ù.)


; Host addresses

mail.nobreak.com.   IN  A      210.105.79.2

power               IN  A      210.105.79.103

; Aliases

www                 IN  CNAME  power.nobreak.com.

ftp                 IN  CNAME  www

CNAME ·¹ÄÚµå´Â µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ À̸§ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¿¡¼­´Â power.nobreak.com, www.nobreak.com, ftp.nobreak.comÀº ¸ðµÎ °°Àº IP 210.105.79.103À» °®°Ô µÈ´Ù. ftp¿Í °°ÀÌ CNAMEÀÌ CNAMEÀ» Æ÷ÀÎÆà ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì´Â, ¿©·¯ DNS °ü·Ã ÀÚ·á¿¡¼­ ´Ù¸£°Ô ¾ê±âµÇ°í ÀÖÁö¸¸, ÀÌ°ÍÀº °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. CNAMEÀº Æ÷ÀÎÆÃÇÏ´Â ¿À¸®Áö³Î µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ·¹Äڵ带 ¸ðµÎ »ó¼Ó¹Þ±â ¶§¹®¿¡, CNAMEÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº Ãß°¡ ·¹Äڵ带 °®À» ¼ö ¾øÀ½À» À¯ÀÇÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, MX, NS µîÀÇ ·¹Äڵ忡µµ CNAMEÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ³Ö¾î¼­´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù. ¹Ýµå½Ã ÁÖÀÇÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. CNAMEÀÇ À߸øµÈ »ç¿ëÀº BIND ·Î±×¸¦ À¯½ÉÈ÷ °üÂûÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ã±â ¾î·Á¿ì¹Ç·Î, È®½ÇÈ÷ ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¸é CNAMEÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÈ ·¹Äڵ带 ¾Æ¿¹ ´Ù¸¥ ·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ ÀÎÀÚ·Î ³õÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. ¼÷·ÃµÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¸Þ´ÏÀú Áß¿¡¼­µµ Æ®·¡ÇÈ°ú, ÆÛÆ÷¸Õ½º¶ó´Â Ãø¸é¿¡¼­ CNAMEÀ» ÀüÇô »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ´Ù. (Âü°í: "CNAMEÀÇ »ç¿ë¿¡ °üÇØ")


ftp                 IN  CNAME  www  ; (X) CNAME¿£ Ãß°¡·¹Äڵ带 °®À» ¼ö

                    IN  MX     mail ;     ¾ø´Ù.



power               IN  MX 10  mail ; (X) MX¿¡ CNAMEÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÈ

mail                IN  CNAME  ns   ;     ·¹Äڵ尡 ¿Ã ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

MX(Mail eXchanger) ·¹ÄÚµå

MX ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ÇØ´ç È£½ºÆ®ÀÇ ¸ÞÀÏ ¸®¿ìÆà °æ·Î¸¦ Á¶Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì, account@nobreak.com À¸·Î º¸³»¾î Áö´Â ÆíÁö´Â ½ÇÁ¦ 'mail.nobreak.com.' À¸·Î Àü¼ÛµÈ´Ù. ¸¸¾à 'mail.nobreak.com.'¿¡ ¿¬°áÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¸é, ´ÙÀ½ ¿ì¼±¼øÀ§ÀÎ 'power.nobreak.com'À¸·Î ÆíÁö¸¦ ¹è¼ÛÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. MX Priority_Number ¿Í °°ÀÌ »ç¿ëÇϸç, Priority_NumberÀÇ ¼ýÀÚ´Â ÀûÀ»¼ö·Ï ¿ì¼±¼øÀ§°¡ ³ô´Ù. "MX(Mail eXchange) ¾Ë°í¸®Áò"¿¡¼­ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ´Ù·é´Ù.


nobreak.com.        IN  MX  10  mail.nobreak.com.

                    IN  MX  20  power.nobreak.com.

mail.nobreak.com.   IN  A       210.105.79.2

power.nobreak.com.  IN  A       210.105.79.103

´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ MX ·¹Äڵ忡 CNAMEÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ³ÖÀ¸¸é ¾ÈµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·² °æ¿ì ¸î¸î MTA(Mail Transfer Agent: sendmail)´Â ¸ÞÀÏ ¶ó¿ìÆà °æ·Î¸¦ ãÁö ¸øÇÏ¿©, ¸ÞÀÏÀ» ÁÖ°í¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ¼Û½ÅÀÎÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â MTAÀÇ Á¾·ù¿Í ¹öÀü¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÀûÀ̹ǷÎ, °æÇè ¸¹Àº µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¸Þ´ÏÀú°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¸é ¹®Á¦ÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀ» Áø´ÜÇϱ⵵ ¾î·Æ´Ù. ¹Ýµå½Ã ÁÖÀÇÇÏÀÚ.


nobreak.com.        IN  MX  10  mail.nobreak.com.  ; (X) À߸øµÈ »ç¿ë

mail.nobreak.com.   IN  CNAME	power.nobreak.com.

power.nobreak.com.  IN  A       210.105.79.103

PTR(Pointer) ·¹ÄÚµå

PTR ·¹ÄÚµå´Â IP ÁÖ¼Ò¿¡ ´ëÇØ µµ¸ÞÀθíÀ» ¸ÅÇÎÇÏ¿© ÁÖ¸ç, Reverse Zone ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½Àº IP 210.105.79.2¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼³Á¤ ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù.


	2.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa.  IN  PTR  ns.nobreak.com.

Forward Zone¿¡¼­´Â ´Ù¼öÀÇ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ A(ȤÀº CNAME) ·¹Äڵ带 ÅëÇØ °°Àº IP¸¦ °®À» ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, PTR ·¹ÄÚµå´Â Áߺ¹ÀÌ Çã¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ÇØ´ç IP¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ëÇ¥ µµ¸ÞÀθí Çϳª¸¸À» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

±âŸ ·¹ÄÚµåµé

Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ·¹ÄÚµåµéÀº À§¿¡ ³ª¿­ÇÑ °Í¸¸À¸·Îµµ ÃæºÐÇÏÁö¸¸, ´õ ¸¹Àº ·¹ÄÚµåµéÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö´Â ¾ÊÀ¸³ª, Á¾Á¾ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ·¹Äڵ带 ¼Ò°³ÇÑ´Ù. ´õ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ Á¤º¸°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù¸é RFC1035, RFC1183, RFC2163À» Âü°íÇÏÀÚ.


power           IN  A      210.105.79.103

                IN  HINFO  "Sun Sparc Ultra 5"  "Solaris 2.6"

                IN  TXT    "Nobreak's Primary Server"

                IN  TXT    "WWW, FTP is now available"

                IN  RP     hostmaster.nobreak.com.  hostinfo.nobreak.com.

hostinfo        IN  TXT    "Seung-young Kim, +82-42-864-4440/1"

HINFO(Host INFOrmation) ·¹ÄÚµå´Â µÎ °³ÀÇ ¹®ÀÚ¿­(CPU Á¤º¸, OS Á¤º¸)À» °®À¸¸ç ½Ã½ºÅÛ Á¤º¸¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. ¹®ÀÚ¿­¿¡ °ø¹éÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã Å«µû¿ÈÇ¥¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

TXT(TeXT) ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ÅؽºÆ® Á¤º¸¸¦ °®À¸¸ç ÁßøµÇ¾î »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. RP(Responsible Person)´Â ´ã´çÀÚÀÇ Á¤º¸¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇϴµ¥, Email ÁÖ¼Ò(@¸¦ µµÆ®·Î ġȯÇÑ)¿Í, ´ã´çÀÚ Á¤º¸(TXT ·¹Äڵ带 °®´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» Æ÷ÀÎÆÃÇÔ)¸¦ °®´Â´Ù. HINFO¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¸î¸î ·¹ÄÚµå´Â º¸¾ÈÀ» ÀÌÀ¯·Î »ç¿ëÄ¡ ¸»¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ÀÇ°ßµµ ÀÖ´Ù.

Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º Sample

[±×¸² 3]ÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ±¸¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Forward Zone ÆÄÀÏ zone-nobreak.comÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÛ¼ºµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.


¡Ø 'NOBREAK.COM' µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ Forward Zone ÆÄÀÏ /var/named/zone-nobreak.com



@               IN      SOA     ns.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nobreak.com. (

                                1998122801  ;Serial

                                21600       ;Refresh ( 6 hours)

                                1800        ;Retry   (30 minutes)

                                1209600     ;Expire  (14 days)

                                86400)      ;Minimum ( 1 day)

                IN      NS      ns.nobreak.com.

                IN      NS      ftp2.nobreak.com.

                IN      MX 10   mail           ; ¸ÞÀÏ ¶ó¿ìÆà ȣ½ºÆ®



mail            IN      A       210.105.79.2



; Hosts Here - This is comments

router          IN      A       210.105.79.1

ns              IN      A       210.105.79.2

ns2             IN      A       210.105.79.3

power           IN      A       210.105.79.103

                IN      HINFO   "Sun Sparc Ultra 5"         "Solaris 2.6"

                IN      TXT     "Nobreak Technologies, Inc."

www             IN      CNAME   power

Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» À§ÇÑ Reverse Zone ÆÄÀÏ zone-79.105.210.in-addr.arpaÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÛ¼ºµÈ´Ù.


¡Ø Reverse Zone ÆÄÀÏ /var/named/zone-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa



@               IN      SOA     ns.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nobreak.com. (

                                1998122801  ;Serial

                                21600       ;Refresh ( 6 hours)

                                1800        ;Retry   (30 minutes)

                                1209600     ;Expire  (14 days)

                                86400)      ;Minimum ( 1 day)

                IN      NS      ns.nobreak.com.

                IN      NS      ftp2.nobreak.com.

; IP-Domain mapping here

1               IN      PTR     router.nobreak.com.

2               IN      PTR     ns.nobreak.com.

3               IN      PTR     ftp2.nobreak.com.

103             IN      PTR     power.nobreak.com.

loopback ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ À§ÇÑ Reverse Zone ÆÄÀÏ ¶ÇÇÑ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÛ¼ºµÈ´Ù. IP 127.0.0.1À» 'localhost.'·Î ¸ÅÇÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀüºÎÀ̹ǷÎ, º» ÆÄÀÏÀº ¾î´À ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡¼­³ª ºñ½ÁÇÏ°Ô ÀÛ¼ºµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.


¡Ø loopbackÀ» À§ÇÑ Reverse Zone ÆÄÀÏ /var/named/zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa



@               IN      SOA     ns.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nobreak.com. (

                                1998122801  ;Serial

                                21600       ;Refresh ( 6 hours)

                                1800        ;Retry   (30 minutes)

                                1209600     ;Expire  (14 days)

                                86400)      ;Minimum ( 1 day)

                IN      NS      ns.nobreak.com.

                IN      NS      ftp2.nobreak.com.

; IP-Domain mapping here

1               IN      PTR     localhost.

Zone ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ÀÇ µµ¸ÞÀΠǥ±â´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã FQDN Ç¥±â¹ýÀ» µû¶ó¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. BIND´Â µµÆ®·Î ³¡³ªÁö ¾Ê´Â ¹®ÀÚ¿­Àº È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ¸·Î ó¸®ÇϹǷÎ, 'ns.nobreak.com'À» 'ns.nobreak.com.nobreak.com.'À¸·Î Çؼ®ÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ 'ns.nobreak.com.'°ú °°ÀÌ µµÆ®¸¦ ºÙÀÎ FQDNÀ¸·Î Ç¥±âÇϰųª, 'ns'¿Í °°ÀÌ È£½ºÆ®¸í¸¸ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. µµÆ®¸¦ »©¸Ô´Â ½Ç¼ö´Â ¸Å¿ì ºó¹øÈ÷ ¹ß»ýÇϹǷÎ, ÁÖÀÇÇÏÀÚ.

È£½ºÆà ¾÷ü¸¦ À§ÇÑ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º Sample

È£½ºÆþ÷üÀÇ °æ¿ì ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ´Ù¼öÀÇ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ÇϳªÀÇ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º·Î °ü¸®ÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸¾à, È£½ºÆà µµ¸ÞÀκ°·Î º°µµÀÇ ZoneÀ» À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù¸é, È£½ºÆà ¼­¹öÀÇ IP º¯È­¿Í °°ÀÌ °ü·ÃµÈ ¸ðµç ZoneÀÌ ¼öÁ¤µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏ´Â »óȲÀÌ ¿ÀÁö ¾Ê±â¸¦ ±âµµÇϰųª, ¹Ý³ªÀýÀ» ÆíÁý±â¿Í ¾¾¸§ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ²ö±â¸¦ ¹è¿ö¾ßÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿©±â¼­ ¼Ò°³ÇÏ´Â ÆÁÀº »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ¸¹Àº È£½ºÆà ¾÷üÀϼö·Ï À¯¿ëÇÏ°Ô È°¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, µµ¸ÞÀÎ Ãß°¡/¼öÁ¤/»èÁ¦¿¡ µå´Â ½Ã°£°ú ³ë·ÂÀ» Àý¾àÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.


* named.boot (BIND-4)

primary         netbsd.org                      zone-default

primary         openbsd.org                     zone-default

...

primary         freebsd.org                     zone-freebsd.org     ; º°µµÀÇ Ãß°¡ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °æ¿ì

...


* named.conf (BIND-8)

zone "netbsd.org"       IN { type master; file "zone-default"; };

zone "openbsd.org"      IN { type master; file "zone-default"; };

...

zone "freebsd.org"      IN { type master; file "zone-freebsd.org"; };

...


* zone-default

@               IN      SOA     ns.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nobreak.com. (

                                1999030601  ;serial

                                21600       ;Refresh ( 6 hours)

                                1800        ;Retry   (30 minutes)

                                1209600     ;Expire  (14 days)

                                86400)      ;Minimum ( 1 day)

                IN      NS      ns.nobreak.com.

                IN      NS      ftp2.nobreak.com.

                IN      A       210.105.79.39

                IN      MX 10   @

                IN      MX 20   mqueue.nobreak.com.



www             IN      CNAME   @

telnet          IN      CNAME   @

ftp             IN      CNAME   @

mail            IN      CNAME   @

pop             IN      CNAME   @

news            IN      CNAME   news.nobreak.com.


* zone-freebsd.org

$INCLUDE zone-default



ftp.kr          IN      A       147.46.102.39

www.kr          IN      CNAME   @

Name Server ±¸µ¿

³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ±¸µ¿Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ¸¶¹«¸®µÇ¾ú´Ù. °ü·Ã ÆÄÀϵéÀÌ ÁغñµÇ¾úÀ½À» È®ÀÎÇÑ ÈÄ, ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ±¸µ¿ÇÏÀÚ. ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ °úÁ¤Àº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.


¡Ø NS.NOBREAK.COM (BIND-8)

# ls /etc/named.conf     # BIND-8 ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ

/etc/named.conf

# ls /var/named/         # Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ÆÄÀÏ È®ÀÎ

named.root

zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa

zone-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa

zone-nobreak.com

# /usr/sbin/named        # ³×ÀÓ µ¥¸ó ±¸µ¿ (Solaris: /usr/sbin/in.named)

# ps ax | grep named     # ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º µ¿ÀÛ È®ÀÎ (Solaris: ps -e | grep in.named)

  254  ?  S    0:00 named



¡Ø ftp2.nobreak.com (BIND-4)

# ls /etc/named.boot      # BIND-4 ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ

/etc/named.boot

# ls /var/named/          # Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ÆÄÀÏ È®ÀÎ

named.root

zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa

# ndc start               # ndc(Name Daemon Control)°¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì

Name Server Started

# ndc status

  254  ?  S    0:00 named

# ls /var/named/          # PrimaryÀÇ Zone Àü¼Û¿©ºÎ È®ÀÎ

named.root

sec-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa

sec-nobreak.com

zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa

µ¿ÀÛ È®ÀÎ

¿©±â¿¡¼± [±×¸² 3]ÀÇ °¡»ó ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ±¸¼ºµµ¿¡ µû¸¥ ¼³Á¤À» ´Ù·ç¾úÁö¸¸, ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ºÎºÐÀº ¸ðµÎ Àû¿ëµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ½ÇÁ¦ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡ Àû¿ëÇÒ ¶§¿¡µµ °°Àº ´À³¦À¸·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Å¸ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ÅëÇØ ÁúÀǸ¦ ´øÁ®º½À¸·Î½á, Namespace °¡Áö»ó¿¡ Àß ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ½À» È®ÀÎÇÏÀÚ.


$ nslookup power.nobreak.com ns.nobreak.com   # Primary µ¿ÀÛ È®ÀÎ

Server:  ns.nobreak.com

Address:  0.0.0.0



Name:    power.nobreak.com

Address:  210.105.79.103



$ nslookup power.nobreak.com ftp2.nobreak.com  # Secondary µ¿ÀÛ È®ÀÎ

Server:  ftp2.nobreak.com

Address:  210.105.79.3



Name:    power.nobreak.com

Address:  210.105.79.103



$ nslookup power.nobreak.com ns.kornet.ne.kr  # Namespace ¸µÅ© È®ÀÎ

Server:  ns.kornet.nm.kr

Address:  168.126.63.1



Name:    power.nobreak.com

Address:  210.105.79.103

À§ÀÇ 3°¡Áö ÁúÀÇ°¡ ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ¼öÇàµÇ¾ú´Ù¸é, ÀÏ´Ü ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ Á¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î ¿î¿ëµÈ´Ù°í »ý°¢Çصµ ÁÁ´Ù. È®½ÇÈ÷ Çϱâ À§Çؼ±, ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏ ºÐ¼®À» ÅëÇØ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ±¸¼º»óÀÇ ¿À·ù¿Í BINDÀÇ µ¿ÀÛ »óŸ¦ »ìÆ캸¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®(Resolver) ¼³Á¤

Unix ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­ÀÇ Å¬¶óÀ̾ðÆ® ¼³Á¤

Unix ½Ã½ºÅÛ»ó¿¡¼­ DNS¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â /etc/resolv.conf ÆÄÀÏ°ú, /etc/nsswitch.conf ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¼Õº¸¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. /etc/resolv.conf¿¡´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎ Resolving½Ã Äõ¸®¸¦ ´øÁú ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ 3°³±îÁö ³ª¿­ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ·ÎÄà Primary, Secondary, ISP ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö 3°³¸¦ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸í½ÃÇÑ´Ù.


search nobreak.com       # µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¼­ÇȽº(Suffix)

nameserver 210.105.79.2  # ns.nobreak.com

nameserver 210.105.79.3  # ftp2.nobreak.com

nameserver 168.126.63.1  # ns.kornet.ne.kr (»ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ISPÀÇ NS)

'search nobreak.com'Àº È£½ºÆ®¸í¸¸ ÁÖ¾úÀ» °æ¿ì ¼­ÇȽº·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ È£½ºÆ®¿¡ ÀÚÁÖ Á¢¼ÓÇϰųª, ¿©·¯ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» °ü¸®ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¿©·µ ³õÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.


search nobreak.com kr.freebsd.org

ÀÌ·± °æ¿ì¿£ È£½ºÆ®¸í www´Â ¸ÕÀú www.nobreak.comÀ¸·Î È®ÀåµÇ¾î °Ë»öµÇ°í, °Ë»öµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» °æ¿ì www.kr.freebsd.org·Î È®ÀåµÇ¾î ´Ù½Ã °Ë»öµÈ´Ù. À߸øµÈ È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ» ÁÖ¾úÀ»¶§µµ, °¡´ÉÇÑ Á¶ÇÕÀ» ¸ðµÎ °Ë»öÇϹǷÎ, ¸¹Àº µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» search ¸®½ºÆ®¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù.

ÀÚÁÖ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö´Â ¾ÊÁö¸¸ µµ¸ÞÀÎ º°·Î ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ´Ù¸£°Ô ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ÁÖ·Î ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÇ Ä³½¬ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê°í, ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ¼öÁ¤»çÇ×À» Áï°¢ Àû¿ëÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¾²ÀδÙ.


search nobreak.com



domain nobreak.com

nameserver 210.105.79.2

...



domain kornet.ne.kr

nameserver 168.126.63.1

...

È£½ºÆ® ³×ÀÓÀ» DNS·Î È®ÀåÇÏ¿© °Ë»öÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â /etc/nsswitch.conf ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ¶óÀÎ 'hosts:'¿¡ 'dns'°¡ Ãß°¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±Ù·¡ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ OS´Â ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ¹èÆ÷µÇÁö¸¸, È®½ÇÈ÷ Çϱâ À§ÇØ È®ÀÎÇÏÀÚ.


hosts:      files dns

'files'´Â È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ» /etc/hosts ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ °Ë»öÇÔÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ÁÖ¾îÁø ¼ø¼­(files, dns)·Î °Ë»öÀ» ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù.

Microsoft Windows ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­ÀÇ Å¬¶óÀ̾ðÆ® ¼³Á¤

Windows¿¡¼­ Unix ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ /etc/resolv.conf ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ¼³Á¤Àº '³×Æ®¿öÅ©'¿¡¼­ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. 'Á¦¾îÆÇ'ÀÇ '³×Æ®¿öÅ©' ¸Þ´ºÁß TCP/IP ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀÇ µî·ÏÁ¤º¸¸¦ ¿­¸é, [±×¸² 4]¿Í °°Àº DNS ¼³Á¤ÅÇÀ» º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.


[±×¸² 4] Windows NT¿¡¼­ÀÇ Resolver ¼³Á¤¿¹

DNS¿¡ µî·ÏµÈ PCÀÇ È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ» 'È£½ºÆ® À̸§'¿¡ ³Ö´Â´Ù. Unix ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ resolv.conf ÆÄÀÏ°ú ºñ±³ÇÏ¿©, 'µµ¸ÞÀÎ'Àº 'domain'¿¡, 'DNS ¼­ºñ½º ã±â ¼ø¼­'´Â 'nameserver'¿¡, 'µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¼­ÇȽº ã±â ¼ø¼­'´Â 'search' ¸®½ºÆ®¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÑ´Ù.

µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓ (Domain Parenting & Delegation)

¿©·¯ °è¿­»ç¸¦ °®´Â ´ë±â¾÷ÀÇ °æ¿ì, °è¿­»ç¸¦ 'www.core.nobreak.com'°ú °°ÀÌ ¼­ºê µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ¸·Î ºÐ·ùÇÏ¿© ¿î¿µÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ÇØ´ç °è¿­»çÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©°¡ ¹æ´ëÇÒ °æ¿ì, È¿À²ÀûÀÎ °ü¸®¸¦ À§ÇØ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ÇØ´ç °è¿­»ç·Î À§ÀÓÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.


[±×¸² 5] Domain Delegation¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Namespace °èÃþµµ

[±×¸² 5]¸¦ º¸ÀÚ.'FreeBSD.ORG' µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº °¢ ±¹°¡º°·Î ¼­ºê µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» À§ÀÓÇÏ¿© ¿î¿µÇÏ°í ÀÖ°í, 'KR.FreeBSD.ORG' µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº °¢ ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ® ÆÀÀ» CORE µµ¸ÞÀξƷ¡ À§Ä¡½ÃÅ´À¸·Î ½á, 'doc-kr.core.kr.FreeBSD.org'¿Í °°Àº °èÃþ±¸Á¶¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ¸ðµç °¡Áö¸¦ ÇϳªÀÇ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡¼­ °ü¸® ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖÁö¸¸ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÀÇ ±Ô¸ð°¡ ºÒ¾î³²¿¡ µû¶ó ÇàÇØÁö´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓ °ü¸®´Â Àüü ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ ºÎµå·´°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.

ºÎ¸ð Zone¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¼­ºê µµ¸ÞÀÎ »ý¼º

¼­ºê µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ ¹Ýµå½Ã À§ÀӵǾî¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ºÎ¸ð Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¿¡ ÇÔ²² Á¤ÀÇµÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©±â¼­´Â ȸ»ç³» ¸Á°ü¸® ±×·ìÀ» 'NMS.NOBREAK.COM'À¸·Î ºÐ·ùÇÏ°í, ±× ¾Æ·¡ DNS µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» »ý¼ºÇÑ °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù.


* zone-nobreak.com (NS.NOBREAK.COM)

nms			IN	MX 10	mail.nms

			IN	MX 20	mail2.nms

dns.nms			IN	A	150.183.110.53

			IN	MX 10	mail.nms

			IN	MX 20	mail2.nms

mail.nms		IN	A	150.183.110.10

mail2.nms		IN	A	150.183.110.11

'NOBREAK.COM'ÀÇ SOA ·¹Äڵ尡 ±×´ë·Î Àû¿ëµÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡, »ý¼ºµÈ ¼­ºê µµ¸ÞÀÎ 'nms.nobreak.com'¿¡ ´ëÇÑ SOA ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù.

¼­ºê µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓ

'NMS.NOBREAK.COM'ÀÇ ±Ô¸ð°¡ Ä¿Á® °ü¸®¸¦ ºÐ»ê½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇØ Å¸ ³×ÀÓ ¼­¹ö·Î ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» À§ÀÓÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÒ ¶§¿¡´Â NS ·¹Äڵ带 »ç¿ëÇØ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ·¹ÆÛ·±½Ì ÇØÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½Àº 'NOBREAK.COM' µµ¸ÞÀο¡¼­ 'NMS'¸¦ 'ns.nms.nobreak.com'À¸·Î À§ÀÓÇÑ ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù.


* zone-nobreak.com (NS.NOBREAK.COM)

nms			IN	NS	ns.nms        ; Delegation

			IN	NS	ns2.nms

ns.nms			IN	A	150.183.110.2 ; Glue Record

ns2.nms			IN	A	150.183.110.3

IP ÁÖ¼Ò´Â A ·¹Äڵ忡¼­¸¸ ¼³Á¤ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¹Ýµå½Ã ±Û·ç ·¹Äڵ带 »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© NS¿¡ ¿¬°áÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (Âü°í: "±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå")

³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö ns.nms.nobreak.com Àº ºÎÆ®ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ À§ÀÓ¹ÞÀº µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ primary ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.


* named.boot (NS.NMS.NOBREAK.COM)

primary		nms.nobreak.com		zone-nms.nobreak.com

±×¸®°í, Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º 'zone-nms.nobreak.com'À» ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ´Ù.


* zone-nms.nobreak.com (NS.NMS.NOBREAK.COM)

@		IN      SOA     ns.nms.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nms.nobreak.com. (

                        1999012901  ;Serial

                        21600       ;Refresh ( 6 hours)

                        1800        ;Retry   (30 minutes)

                        1209600     ;Expire  (14 days)

                        86400)      ;Minimum ( 1 day)

                IN      NS      ns.nms.nobreak.com.

               	IN      NS      ns2.nms.nobreak.com.

		IN	MX 10	mail

		IN	MX 20	mail2



ns		IN	A	150.183.110.2

ns2		IN	A	150.183.110.3

mail		IN	A	150.183.110.10

mail2		IN	A	150.183.110.11



dns		IN	A	150.183.110.53

		IN	MX 10	mail

		IN	MX 20	mail2

³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö 'ns2.nms.nobreak.com'¸¦ Secondary·Î ¼³Á¤Çϱâ À§ÇØ ºÎÆ®ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ´ÙÀ½À» Ãß°¡ÇÑ´Ù.


* named.boot (NS2.NMS.NOBREAK.COM)

secondary	nms.nobreak.com  150.183.110.2  sec-nms.nobreak.com

ÀÌÁ¦ ns, ns.nms, ns2.nmsÀÇ BIND¸¦ ¸ðµÎ Çà¾÷ÇÑÈÄ, ¿ÜºÎ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ÅëÇØ µ¿ÀÛÀ» È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù.


$ nslookup  -type=NS  nms.nobreak.com  ns.kornet.ne.kr

nms.nobreak.com nameserver = ns.nms.nobreak.com

nms.nobreak.com nameserver = ns2.nms.nobreak.com



$ nslookup  dns.nms.nobreak.com  ns.kornet.ne.kr

Name:    dns.nms.nobreak.com

Address:  150.183.110.53

¿ÁÅÝ ±â¹Ý in-addr.arpa À§ÀÓ

'NOBREAK.COM'ÀÌ B Ŭ·¡½º 150.183À» ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇÒ´ç¹Þ¾Ò°í, NMS.NOBREAK.COMÀº ±×Áß ¼­ºê³Ý 150.183.110À» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÏÀÚ.


$ nslookup  -type=NS  183.150.in-addr.arpa

183.150.in-addr.arpa    nameserver = ns.nobreak.com

183.150.in-addr.arpa    nameserver = ftp2.nobreak.com

¿ÁÅÝ ´ÜÀ§ÀÇ Inverse µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓÀº ¼­ºê µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓ°ú °°Àº ´À³¦À¸·Î ¼ö¿ùÇÏ°Ô ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù. ´ÙÀ½Àº '183.150.in-addr.arpa'¿¡¼­ '110.183.150.in-addr.arpa'À» À§ÀÓÇϱâ À§ÇÑ Zone ¼³Á¤ÀÌ´Ù.


* zone-183.150.in-addr.arpa (NS.NOBREAK.COM)

110		IN	NS	ns.nms.nobreak.com.

		IN	NS	ns2.nms.nobreak.com.

±×¸®°í, 'ns.nms.nobreak.com'°ú 'ns2.nms.nobreak.com'¿¡ primary, secondary ¼³Á¤À» ³Ö°í Inverse Zone ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ý¼ºÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓÀÌ ¸¶¹«¸® µÈ´Ù.


* named.boot (NS.NMS.NOBREAK.COM)

primary		110.183.150.in-addr.arpa	zone-110.183.150.in-addr.arpa


* named.boot (NS2.NMS.NOBREAK.COM)

secondary	110.183.150.in-addr.arpa	150.183.110.2	sec-110.183.150.in-addr.arpa


* zone-110.183.150.in-addr.arpa (NS.NMS.NOBREAK.COM)

@		IN      SOA     ns.nms.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nms.nobreak.com. (

                        1999012901  ;Serial

                        21600       ;Refresh ( 6 hours)

                        1800        ;Retry   (30 minutes)

                        1209600     ;Expire  (14 days)

                        86400)      ;Minimum ( 1 day)

                IN      NS      ns.nms.nobreak.com.

               	IN      NS      ns2.nms.nobreak.com.



2		IN	PTR	ns.nms.nobreak.com.

3		IN	PTR	ns2.nms.nobreak.com.

10		IN	PTR	mail.nms.nobreak.com.

11		IN	PTR	mail2.nms.nobreak.com.

53		IN	PTR	dns.nms.nobreak.com.

Classless in-addr.arpa À§ÀÓ (Âü°í: RFC2317)

µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓÀº µµÆ®·Î ºÐ¸®µÇ´Â ¼¼±×¸ÕÆ® ȤÀº ¿ÁÅÝ(octet) ±â¹ÝÀ¸·Î ¼³°èµÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ¿ÁÅÝ ±â¹ÝÀÇ Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓ¿£ º°´Ù¸¥ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¼¼±×¸ÕÆ®¸¦ ³ª´©¾î 210.105.79.1-128 ±îÁö´Â 'nobreak.com'ÀÌ 129-256±îÁö´Â 'nms.nobreak.com'ÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓÀÌ ¼ö¿ùÄ¡ ¾Ê´Ù.

°°Àº ±â°üÀÌ ÆíÀÇ»ó ³ª´©´Â °ÍÀ̶ó¸é, Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ÇÑÇØ À§ÀÓÄ¡ ¾Ê°í, Áß¾Ó¿¡¼­ ÅëÇÕ°ü¸®ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡´ÉÇϳª, IP °í°¥·Î ÀÎÇØ ISPµéÀÌ Å¬·¡½º¸¦ ÇÒÇÁ(half) ¶Ç´Â ´õ Àß°Ô ³ª´©¾î ¹è±ÞÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±â°üµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­´Â ÇÑÂÊ ±â°üÀÇ ÇÇÇØ°¡ ¾øµµ·Ï À§ÀÓÀÌ ¹è·ÁµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏ°Ú´Ù.

ù¹ø° ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î´Â 79.105.210.in-addr.arpaÀÇ ¼³Á¤¿¡ À־ 129-256(B¿¡ ÇÒ´çµÈ)±îÁöÀÇ IP ºí·°À» NS ·¹Äڵ带 »ç¿ëÇØ ¸ðµÎ NS ns.nms.nobreak.com·Î ·¹ÆÛ·±½Ì ÇØÁØ´Ù. '79.105.210.in-addr.arpa'¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅÍ º£À̽º' ÀÛ¼º ¿¹¸¦ º¸ÀÚ.


* zone-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa (NS.NOBREAK.COM)

2		IN	PTR	ns.nobreak.com.

3		IN	PTR	ftp2.nobreak.com.

...

129		IN	NS	ns.nms.nobreak.com.   # 129-254±îÁö À§ÀÓ

		IN	NS	ns2.nms.nobreak.com.

...

254		IN	NS	ns.nms.nobreak.com.

		IN	NS	ns2.nms.nobreak.com.

NS ·¹Äڵ带 »ç¿ëÇØ Æä¾î¸°Æà Ç߱⠶§¹®¿¡, NS.NMS.NOBREAK.COMÀÇ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ¿¡´Â IP 129-254¿¡ ´ëÇØ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸ðµÎ primary ¼³Á¤ÀÌ µé¾î°¡ ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Á¶±Ý ¹ø°Å·Î¿î ¸éÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.


* named.boot (NS.NMS.NOBREAK.COM)

primary  129.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa  zone-129.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa

...

primary  254.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa  zone-254.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa

¶ÇÇÑ, °¢ Zone ÆÄÀÏ 129.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa - 254.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa´Â ¸ðµÎ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î ÀÛ¼ºµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.


* zone-129.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa (NS.NMS.NOBREAK.COM)

@		IN      SOA     ns.nms.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nms.nobreak.com. (

                        1999012901  ;Serial

                        21600       ;Refresh ( 6 hours)

                        1800        ;Retry   (30 minutes)

                        1209600     ;Expire  (14 days)

                        86400)      ;Minimum ( 1 day)

                IN      NS      ns.nms.nobreak.com.

               	IN      NS      ns2.nms.nobreak.com.

		IN	PTR	dns.nms.nobreak.com.


* zone-130.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa (NS.NMS.NOBREAK.COM)

@		IN      SOA     ns.nms.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nms.nobreak.com. (

                        1999012901  ;Serial

                        21600       ;Refresh ( 6 hours)

                        1800        ;Retry   (30 minutes)

                        1209600     ;Expire  (14 days)

                        86400)      ;Minimum ( 1 day)

                IN      NS      ns.nms.nobreak.com.

               	IN      NS      ns2.nms.nobreak.com.

		IN	PTR	dhcp.nms.nobreak.com.

IPv4´Â 4°³ÀÇ ¿ÁÅÝÀ¸·Î ±¸ºÐµÇ°í, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¸¶Áö¸· 4¹ø° ¿ÁÅÝ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Zone À̹ǷÎ, Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ Á¤ÀÇ°¡ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀº À§ÀÓµÈ IP °³¼ö¸¸Å­ÀÇ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º°¡ ¿ä±¸µÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ¹ø°Å·Î¿ö ½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â °ÅÀÇ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Âµ¥, µµ¸ÞÀÎ ÆäÀÌ·±ÆÃÀÇ ÇÑ°è¿Í ´À³¦À» Àü´ÞÇÏ°íÀÚ ¼Ò°³ÇÏ¿´´Ù.

¿©±â Á¶±Ý ¼¼·ÃµÈ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.


* zone-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa (NS.NOBREAK.COM)

2		IN	PTR	ns.nobreak.com.

3		IN	PTR	ftp2.nobreak.com.

...

129		IN	CNAME	129.nms.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa.

...

254		IN	CNAME	254.nms.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa.

nms		IN	NS	ns.nms.nobreak.com.

		IN	NS	ns2.nms.nobreak.com.

Namespace »ó¿¡¼­ Inverse µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» À§ÇÑ 'in-addr.arpa' °¡Áö¿Í, ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¹®ÀÚ µµ¸ÞÀÎ °¡ÁöÀÇ ±â¼úÀû Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ÀüÇô ¾øÀ½À» »ó±âÇÏÀÚ. ÆíÀÇ»ó arpa µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» IP ¸ÅÇοëÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °Í »ÓÀÌ´Ï, 'nms.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa'¿Í °°Àº µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¸¸µé°í ÆоÆÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ°í, ¿©±â¼­´Â ÀÌÁ¡À» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ Classless in-addr.arpa¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

Áï '129.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa'´Â '129.nms.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa'¸¦ CNAME Çϴµ¥, 'nms.79.104.210.in-addr.arpa'ÀÇ primary´Â 'ns.nms.nobreak.com' À̹ǷÎ, °á±¹ À§ÀÓÀº ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ¼º¸³µÈ´Ù.


* named.boot (NS.NMS.NOBREAK.COM)

primary  nms.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa  zone-nms.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa


* zone-nms.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa (NS.NMS.NOBREAK.COM)

@		IN      SOA     ns.nms.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nms.nobreak.com. (

                	        1999012901  ;Serial

                        	21600       ;Refresh ( 6 hours)

	                        1800        ;Retry   (30 minutes)

        	                1209600     ;Expire  (14 days)

                	        86400)      ;Minimum ( 1 day)

                IN      NS      ns.nms.nobreak.com.

               	IN      NS      ns2.nms.nobreak.com.



129		IN	PTR	dns.nms.nobreak.com.

130		IN	PTR	mail.nms.nobreak.com.

...

254		IN	PTR	layla.nms.nobreak.com.

129-254±îÁöÀÇ PTRÀ» ¿©±â¿¡ ¸ðµÎ ³ª¿­ÇÑ´Ù. 79.105.210.in-addr.arpa Zone¿¡¼­ °¢ IP¸¦ ¸ðµÎ CNAMEÀ¸·Î Àâ¾ÆÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÏ´Â ºÒÆíÇÔÀ» »©¸é ÇöÀçÀÇ DNS ¾Ë°í¸®Áò»ó¿¡¼± ÃÖ¼±ÀÇ ¹æ¾ÈÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ°¡ ÇÑ´Ù.

¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ ±â°üÀ¸·Î ÇÒ´çµÈ ÂÉ°³¾îÁø ÇϳªÀÇ Class¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Reverse µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓÀº ISP ´Ü°è¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ®¾ß ÇÏÁö¸¸, ½ÇÁ¦ ISPµéÀº Class ´ÜÀ§·Î¸¸ À§ÀÓ󸮸¦ Çϴ°æ¿ì°¡ ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ¿©¼­, ÇØ´ç Class Àüü¸¦ ÇÑÂÊ ±â°üÀ¸·Î À§ÀÓÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â À§ÀÓ¹ÞÀº ±â°ü¿¡¼­ Ÿ ±â°üÀ¸·Î ÇÒ´çµÈ IP ºí¶ôÀ» ¼Ò°³ÇÑ ¹æ¹ý°ú °°ÀÌ ·¹ÆÛ·±½Ì ÇØÁÖ¾î Ÿ ±â°üÀÇ ÇÇÇØ°¡ ¾øµµ·Ï ÇÏÀÚ. ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ºñ·ÔÇÏ¿© Public IP¸¦ °®´Â È£½ºÆ®(PC¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿©)°¡ Reverse ¸ÅÇÎÀÌ ¾ÈµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¸î¸î ¼­ºñ½ºÀÇ »ç¿ëÀÌ °ÅºÎµÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÇØ´ç È£½ºÆ®·ÎÀÇ Reverse Resolving µô·¹ÀÌ°¡ Áõ°¡Çϴµî Å©°í ÀÛÀº ÀáÀçÀû ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾ß±âµÈ´Ù.

Classless in-addr.arpa À§ÀÓ°ú´Â Á¶±Ý ´Ù¸£°Ô, ´Ù¼öÀÇ C Ŭ·¡½º '210.105.79 - 210.105.81'¸¦ ÇÒ´ç¹Þ¾Ò°í, ÀÌÁß 81 ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ À§ÀÓÄÚÀÚÇÒ °æ¿ì¸¦ »ý°¢Çغ¸ÀÚ. ÇÑ°¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÀº, ÇØ´ç ISP¿¡ 81.105.210.in-addr.arpa¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö º¯°æ ½Åû¸¸À» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ°ÚÁö¸¸, º¸ÅëÀº ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í, ¿©±â¼­ ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â °Í°ú °°ÀÌ Namespace»óÀÇ ¸µÅ©°¡ ÇØ´ç ³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÀÇ ³×ÀÓ ¼­¹ö¿¡ÀÇÇØ Æ÷ÀÎÆà µÇµµ·ÏÇÏ¿©, ³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÀÇ º¯µ¿¿¡ ºü¸£°Ô ´ëóÅä·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.

DNS¿Í Sendmail

MX(Mail eXchange) ¾Ë°í¸®Áò

MX ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ÇØ´ç È£½ºÆ®·Î ¼ö½ÅµÇ´Â ÆíÁö¸¦ ´Ù¸¥ È£½ºÆ®·Î ¶ó¿ìÆà Çϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. ¿ø°Ý È£½ºÆ®¿¡¼­ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¼³Á¤µÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎ, NOBREAK.COMÀ¸·Î ÆíÁö¸¦ ¼Û½ÅÇÒ °æ¿ì¿¡ SendmailÀÇ µ¿ÀÛÀ» ¾Ë¾Æº¸ÀÚ.


nobreak.com.		IN	MX 10	layla.nobreak.com.

			IN	MX 20	marie.nobreak.com.

			IN	MX 20	suzi.nobreak.com.

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  4. (3)¿¡¼­ ½ÃµµµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº È£½ºÆ®·Î ¹è´ÞÀ» ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù.
  5. ÀÚü Å¥À× ÈÄ, ÀÏÁ¤ ±â°£µ¿¾È ÁÖ±âÀûÀ¸·Î 2-4ÀÇ °úÁ¤À» ¹Ýº¹ÇÑ´Ù.

ÈçÈ÷ °®´Â À߸øµÈ MXÀÇ ÀÌÇØ Áß Çϳª´Â, layla°¡ ´Ù¿îµÇ¾î marie·Î ÆíÁö°¡ ¹è´ÞµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§, ÆíÁö°¡ marieÀÇ ¸ÞÀϹڽº¿¡ ÀúÀå µÈ´Ù´Â »ý°¢À¸·Î, ´Ù¼öÀÇ MX ·¹ÄÚµå ¼³Á¤À» ²¨¸®´Â °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô µÇ¸é, »ç¿ëÀÚ °èÁ¤À» ¾çÂÊ È£½ºÆ®¿¡ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¿© µÎ¾î¾ß Çϸç, »ç¿ëÀÚ´Â ¸Å¹ø ¾çÂÊÀÇ °èÁ¤À» ¸ðµÎ È®ÀÎÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ³ëÆÄ½É ¶§¹®ÀÏÅÙµ¥, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ³·Àº priority¸¦ °®´Â È£½ºÆ®´Â Å¥À×¼­¹ö·Î µ¿ÀÛÇϵµ·Ï ¼³Á¤Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ °á±¹ ÆíÁö´Â ÇϳªÀÇ È£½ºÆ®(layla)·Î Áý°á µÈ´Ù. À§ÀÇ °æ¿ì marie¿Í suziÀÇ SendmailÀÌ ´ÙÀ½ Á¶°ÇÀ» ¸¸Á·Çϵµ·Ï ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸é ¸ÞÀÏ Å¥À×¼­¹ö·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù.

  1. ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎ(nobreak.com)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÎÁõÀ» °®Áö ¾Ê¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
  2. ¼­¹ö´Â ¸ÞÀÏ ¸±·¹ÀÌ(Relay)¸¦ Çã¿ëÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

ÀÎÁõÀ» °®Áö ¾Ê¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº SendmailÀÇ w Ŭ·¡½º(sendmail.cw ȤÀº sendmail.cfÀÇ Cw)¿¡ nobreak.com µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ ¾ø¾î¾ß ÇÔÀ» ÀǹÌÇÏ°í, ¸ÞÀÏ ¸±·¹À̶õ ¼ö½ÅµÇ´Â ÆíÁöÀÇ ÃÖÁ¾ ¹è´ÞÁö°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¾Æ´Ò °æ¿ì, Áï ÀÎÁõÀ» °®Áö ¾ÊÀ» °æ¿ì ÆíÁö¸¦ ÇØ´ç È£½ºÆ®·Î Æ÷¿öµùÇÔÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. ±Ù·¡ÀÇ ¸î¸î OS ¹èÆ÷ÆǵéÀº ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î SendmailÀÌ ¸±·¹À̸¦ °ÅºÎÇϵµ·Ï ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î Àִµ¥, ÀÌ·¯ÇÒ °æ¿ì ÇØ´ç È£½ºÆ®´Â Å¥À×¼­¹ö·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¸øÇÔ¿¡ À¯ÀÇÇÏÀÚ. º¸Åë ±â°üÀÇ SMTP ¼­¹ö´Â ŸÀο¡ ÀÇÇÑ ³²¿ëÀ» ¸·±âÀ§ÇØ ³»ºÎ IP(ȤÀº µµ¸ÞÀÎ)¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­¸¸ ¸±·¹À̸¦ Çã¿ëÇϵµ·Ï ¼³Á¤ÇÏÁö¸¸, ¸ÞÀÏ Å¥À× ¼­¹öÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â º» ǻó¸¦ ²ô°Å³ª ¸ðµç IP¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸±·¹À̸¦ Çã¿ëÇϵµ·Ï Á¶Á¤ÇÏ¿©¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. (Âü°í: "Allowing controlled SMTP relaying in Sendmail 8.9")

laylaÀÇ ¼ö½Å ºÒ´ÉÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ marie·Î Àü´ÞµÇ´Â ÆíÁö´Â ¸ÞÀÏÅ¥¿¡ ÀúÀåµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸é¼­, ÀÏÁ¤ ±â°£(Sendmail.cf¿¡¼­ ÁöÁ¤µÈ Timeout.queuereturn=5d ¸¸Å­)µ¿¾È ÁÖ±âÀû(Sendmail ±¸µ¿½Ã ÁöÁ¤µÈ, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î 30ºÐ -q30m)À¸·Î ¹è´ÞÀÌ ½ÃµµµÈ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¹Ýµå½Ã layla¸¸ÀÌ NOBREAK.COM¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÎÁõÀ» °¡Á®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.


* laylaÀÇ /etc/sendmail.cw (Solaris: /etc/mail/sendmail.cw)

nobreak.com

marie¿Í suzi°¡ ¿ì¼±¼øÀ§°¡ °°´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡¼­ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¹«ÇÑ·çÇÁ ½Ã³ª¸®¿À¸¦ »ý°¢ÇØ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. layla°¡ ´Ù¿îµÇ¾úÀ» °æ¿ì ÆíÁö´Â marie(ȤÀº suzi)·Î ¹è´ÞµÉ °ÍÀÌ°í, ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ Å¥À×¼­¹öÀÎ marie´Â ´Ù½Ã MX ¸®½ºÆ®ÀÇ ¿ì¼±¼øÀ§¿¡ ÀÔ°¢ÇÏ¿© Æ÷À§µùÀ» ½ÃµµÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °á±¹ ÆíÁö´Â suzi·Î ¹è´ÞµÉ °ÍÀÌ°í suzi ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ °úÁ¤À» ¹Ýº¹ÇÑ´Ù.

Á¤¸» ±×·²±î? ±×·²¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ SendmailÀº ÆíÁö¸¦ Æ÷¿öµù ÇϱâÀü¿¡ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ MX ¸®½ºÆ®¸¦ ÆľÇÇÏ°í, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÎÁõµÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎ(sendmail.cw¿¡ ±â·ÏµÈ)ÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ¸ÅĪµÇ´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎÁß °¡Àå ³ôÀº(´Ù¼ö°¡ ¸ÅĪ µÉ ¼öµµ Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡) ¿ì¼±¼øÀ§¸¦ °®´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© °°°Å³ª ÀûÀº(MX °ªÀÌ Å«) ·¹Äڵ带 MX ¸®½ºÆ®¿¡¼­ Á¦¿ÜÇÑ´Ù.


nobreak.com.		IN	MX 10	layla.nobreak.com.

			IN	MX 20	marie.nobreak.com. (Á¦¿Ü)

			IN	MX 20	suzi.nobreak.com.  (Á¦¿Ü)

°á±¹ marieÀÇ SendmailÀÌ À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â MX ¸®½ºÆ®¿¡´Â layla¸¸ÀÌ ³²°ÔµÇ°í, ±â´ëÇÑ ¹Ù´ë·Î ÆíÁö´Â layla°¡ Á¤»ó¿î¿µµÉ¶§ ±îÁö Å¥À׵ȴÙ.


nobreak.com.		IN	MX 10	layla.nobreak.com.

±×·¯³ª ¸¸¾à SendmailÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» MX ¸®½ºÆ®¿¡¼­ ãÁö ¸øÇϸé(sendmail.cw¿¡ 'marie.nobreak.com'ÀÌ µî·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é), suzi·ÎÀÇ ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ Æ÷¿öµùÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÒ °ÍÀÌ°í, ºÒÇàÈ÷ suzi ¶ÇÇÑ °°Àº »óȲÀ̶ó¸é, °á±¹ ¹«ÇÑ·çÇÁ¿¡ ºüÁú¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. SendmailÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÃÖ¾ÇÀÇ »óȲÀ» ¸·±âÀ§ÇØ, ÃÖ´ë Æ÷¿öµù Ƚ¼ö Á¦ÇÑ(Sendmail.cfÀÇ MaxHopCount=17, ±âº»°ª 25)À» °®°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, °á±¹ marie³ª suziÁß MaxHopCount¿¡ ¸ÕÀú °É¸®´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ °ü¸®ÀÚ(postmaster)¿Í ¼Û½ÅÀÚ¿¡°Ô ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ³»¿ëÀÇ ¿À·ù ÆíÁö¸¦ º¸³»¾îÁÙ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.


From: Mail Delivery Subsystem 

To: postmaster@marie.nobreak.com

Subject: Returned mail: Too many hops 26 (25 max):...



----- The following addresses had permanent fatal errors -----





 ----- Transcript of session follows -----

554 Too many hops 26 (25 max):...

===========================================================

Received: from suzi.nobreak.com by marie.nobreak.com ...

Received: from marie.nobreak.com by suzi.nobreak.com ...

...

Received: from suzi.nobreak.com by marie.nobreak.com ...

Received: from marie.nobreak.com by suzi.nobreak.com ...

...

´ÙÀ½Àº ´ÜÀÏ Å¥À× ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­ À§¿Í°°Àº ·çÇÁ°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ¿´À» °æ¿ìÀÇ ¸ÞÀÏ ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÌ´Ù.


nobreak.com.		IN	MX 10	layla.nobreak.com.

			IN	MX 20	marie.nobreak.com.


From: Mail Delivery Subsystem 

To: postmaster@marie.nobreak.com

Subject: Returned mail: Local configuration error



----- The following addresses had permanent fatal errors -----





 ----- Transcript of session follows -----

553 marie.nobreak.com. config error: mail loops back to me (MX problem?)

554 ... Local configuration error

===========================================================

...

DNS¿¡ µî·ÏµÇ¾î Æ÷ÀÎÆõǴ ȣ½ºÆ®¸íÀ» sendmail.cw¿¡ ³ª¿­ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ» °æ¿ì ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ È®½ÅÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¸é, aliasµÈ ¸ðµç È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ» sendmail.cw ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔÇϱ⠹ٶõ´Ù.

MX ·¹Äڵ带 °®Áö ¾Ê´Â È£½ºÆ®

È£½ºÆ®°¡ ÆíÁö¸¦ ¼ö½ÅÇÑ´Ù¸é MX ·¹Äڵ带 °®´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù.


mailhub		IN	A	210.105.79.107

È£½ºÆ® mailhub´Â ¼ö½ÅµÇ´Â ÆíÁö¸¦ ´Ù¸¥ È£½ºÆ®·Î ¶ó¿ìÆÃÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡, °ü¸®ÀÚ´Â MX ·¹Äڵ带 ¼³Á¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¹°·Ð ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ¿À·ù´Â ¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °æ¿ì ÀÎÅͳݻóÀÇ ÇÑ MTA°¡ mailhub·Î ÆíÁö¸¦ ¼Û½ÅÇÒ¶§ ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ Æ®·¡ÇÈ ³¶ºñ°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

SendmailÀÇ °æ¿ì¸¦ »ìÆ캸ÀÚ. ¸ÕÀú SendmailÀº ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ÅëÇØ mailhub¸¦ lookup(type=any) ÇÑ´Ù. Authoritative ȤÀº Non-authoritative Answer·Î A ·¹Äڵ常À» µ¹·Á¹Þ°Ô µÉÅÙµ¥, Authoritative AnswerÀÇ °æ¿ì MX ·¹Äڵ尡 ¾øÀ»Áö¶óµµ °á°ú¸¦ ½Å·ÚÇÏ¿© Ãß°¡ ÁúÀÇ ¾øÀÌ ÇØ´ç IP·Î Á¢¼ÓÀ» ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ MX ·¹Äڵ尡 ¾ø´Â Non-authoritative Answer¿¡ ´ëÇØ SendmailÀº ¸í½ÃÀûÀ¸·Î MX ·¹Äڵ带 Àç °Ë»öÇÑ´Ù. ¹°·Ð mailhub´Â MX ·¹Äڵ带 °®Áö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®¿¡ º¹±Í°ªÀº ¾ø°í ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÁúÀǸ¸À» ¼öÇàÇÏ¿´À» »ÓÀÌ´Ù. ÆíÁö¸¦ ¹è´ÞÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡´Â µÎ °æ¿ì ¸ðµÎ ÀüÇô ¹®Á¦ ¾øÁö¸¸, ÈÄÀÚÀÇ °æ¿ì¿Í °°Àº ³¶ºñ¸¦ ¸·±â À§Çؼ­ mailhub´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¼³Á¤µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÏ´Ù.


mailhub		IN	A	210.105.79.107

		IN	MX 10	mailhub.nobreak.com.

mailhub ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ÃÖÁ¾ ÆíÁö ¹è´ÞÁöÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡, ÀÚ½ÅÀ» MX·Î ¼³Á¤Çß´Ù. ÀÌ·¸µí, ÆíÁö¸¦ ¼ö½ÅÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç È£½ºÆ®´Â ºñ·Ï ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÏÁö¶óµµ ÇÑ°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ MX ·¹Äڵ带 °®´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù.

MX¿Í CNAMEÀÇ ¿¬µ¿ (Âü°í RFC974 p5)

MX ·¹Äڵ带 CNAME°ú ¿¬°áÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¸Å¿ì ¾È ÁÁÀº »ý°¢ÀÌ´Ù. »ç½Ç °ü·Ã RFC ¹®¼­ ¾îµð¿¡µµ ¾ÆÁ÷ MX ·¹ÄÚµå¿Í CNAMEÀÇ ¿¬µ¿¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÁÖÀÇ ¼öÁØÀ» ³Ñ¾î ¸íÈ®È÷ Á¦ÇÑÀ» µÐ ±ÛÀÌ ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ç¿ëÀÌ ¹Ýµå½Ã ¾È µÈ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö´Â ¾øÁö¸¸, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ Ãß°¡ Äõ¸®·Î ÀÎÇØ ¹ß»ýµÇ´Â Æ®·¡ÇÈÀ» »çÀ¯·Î ¿À·£ ±â°£ À߸øµÈ »ç¿ëÀ¸·Î ÀÎ½ÄµÇ¾î ¿Ô°í, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ °ü·Ã¹®¼­¿¡¼­´Â °°Àº ¿¬À¯·Î °­·ÂÈ÷ »ç¿ëÄ¡ ¸»±â¸¦ ±ÇÇÑ´Ù.


layla		IN	MX 10	marie.nobreak.com.

marie		IN	CNAME	suzi.nobreak.com.

suzi		IN	CNAME	mailhub.nobreak.com.

mailhub		IN	A	210.105.79.75

		IN	MX 10	mailhub.nobreak.com.


* layla·Î ÆíÁö¸¦ ¹è´ÞÇϱâ À§ÇÑ lookup °úÁ¤

1. lookup layla.nobreak.com   -> return marie.nobreak.com

2. lookup marie.nobreak.com   -> return suzi.nobreak.com

3. lookup suzi.nobreak.com    -> return mailhub.nobreak.com

4. lookup mailhub.nobreak.com -> return 210.105.79.75

´À½¼ÇÑ Ç¥ÁØÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ °¢°¢ÀÇ ÀÀ¿ë¸¶´Ù Á¶±Ý¾¿ ±¸ÇöÀÌ ´Ù¸¥µ¥, ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀ¸·Î BINDÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â À̸¦ À߸øµÈ »ç¿ë("layla.nobreak.com" IN MX points to a CNAME marie.nobreak.com)À̶ó Syslog¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¾Ë·ÁÁֽø¸, ¸î¸î MTA¿Í Sendmail´Â À̸¦ ¼ö¿ë(±ÇÀåÇÏÁö´Â ¾ÊÁö¸¸)ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ¸î¸î MTA°¡ ÇØ´ç ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ¸·Î ÆíÁö¸¦ ¹è´ÞÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â ÀáÀçÀû ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¾È°íÀֱ⠶§¹®¿¡, MX¿Í CNAMEÀÇ ¿¬µ¿Àº ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ÁÁÁö ¾Ê°í, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ °íÃÄÁ®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.


layla		IN	MX 10	mailhub.nobreak.com.

marie		IN	CNAME	mailhub.nobreak.com.

suzi		IN	CNAME	mailhub.nobreak.com.

mailhub		IN	A	210.105.79.75

		IN	MX 10	mailhub.nobreak.com.

¶ÇÇÑ, ÆíÁö ¼Û½ÅÀü SendmailÀº ¼ö½ÅÀÎÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ CNAMEÀ» ½ÇÁ¦ È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ¸·Î ¼öÁ¤ÇÑÈÄ ¹è´ÞÇÔ¿¡ À¯ÀÇÇÏÀÚ. Áï 'user@marie.nobreak.com'·Î º¸³»¾îÁö´Â ÆíÁö´Â, 'user@mailhub.nobreak.com'À¸·Î ¹ø¿ªµÈ ÈÄ ¼Û½ÅµÇ¸ç, ÀÌ´Â ¼ö½ÅÀÎÀÇ ÆíÁö Çì´õ¿¡ Ç¥½ÃµÇ´Â To: Á¤º¸°¡ 'user@marie.nobreak.com'ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ 'user@mailhub.nobreak.com'ÀÓÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ º¯È¯ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ¼Û½ÅÀü¿¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù´Â Á¡À̸ç, À̴ ȥ¶õÀ» ¾ß±âÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ÃßÈÄ ¼³¸íÇÒ SendmailÀÇ Virtual Domain ¼³Á¤¿¡¼­ ±â´ëÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ¸ÅÇÎ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¹ß»ý½Ãų ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ CNAMEÀ¸·Î ÁöÁ¤µÈ È£½ºÆ®´Â ¸ÞÀÏÁÖ¼Ò·Î »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¸»°Å³ª, CNAME ´ë½Å A ·¹ÄÚµå¿Í MX ·¹Äڵ带 »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù.

Nonrecursive MX lookup

´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº °æ¿ì, mailhub·Î ¹è´ÞµÇ´Â ÆíÁö¸¦ °í·ÁÇغ¸ÀÚ. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ÆíÁö°¡ mx2·Î ¹è´ÞµÇ¸®¶ó ±â´ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, SendmailÀº MX ·¹Äڵ忡´ëÇØ Nonrecursive Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ½ÇÁ¦ ÆíÁö´Â mx1(¹Ýµå½Ã A ·¹Äڵ带 °®¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù)À¸·Î ¹è´ÞµÈ´Ù.


	mailhub		IN	MX 10	mx1.nobreak.com.

	mx1		IN	MX 10	mx2.nobreak.com.

			IN	A	210.105.79.231

¸¸¾à SendmailÀÌ MX ·¹Äڵ带 CNAME°°ÀÌ RecursiveÇÏ°Ô ÂѾư£´Ù¸é, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ÀáÀçÀûÀÎ ·çÇÁ¸¦ Çã¿ëÇÏ°Ô µÇ¹Ç·Î, SendmailÀº MX ·¹Äڵ带 ÂѾư¡Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.


	mailhub		IN	MX 10	mx1.nobreak.com.

	mx1		IN	MX 10	mx2.nobreak.com.

	mx2		IN	MX 10	mailhub.nobreak.com.   ; Loop

SendmailÀÇ Virtual Domain ¼³Á¤

ÇϳªÀÇ È£½ºÆ®¿¡ ¿¬°áµÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎ 'nobreak.com'°ú 'kr.freebsd.org'¿¡ ´ëÇØ, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î 'nobreak@nobreak.com'°ú 'nobreak@kr.freebsd.org'ÀÇ ¼ö½ÅÀÚ´Â °°´Ù. ¿©±â¿¡¼­´Â °¢°¢ÀÇ µµ¸ÞÀκ°·Î aliases Å×À̺íÀ» °®´Â °Í°ú °°ÀÌ, µµ¸ÞÀο¡ µû¶ó ¼ö½ÅµÇ´Â ÆíÁö¸¦ ´Ù¸£°Ô ó¸®ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ë¾Æº»´Ù. º» ±ÛÀÌ SendmailÀ» ÁÖÁ¦·Î ÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê±â¿¡, SendmailÀ» ¾î´À Á¤µµ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °¡Á¤À¸·Î °ñÀÚ³»¿ë¸¸À» ´Ù·çµµ·Ï ÇÏ°Ú´Ù. Sendmail¿¡ Àͼ÷Ä¡ ¾Ê´Ù¸é ³»¿ëÀ» ÀÌÇØÇϱâ À§ÇØ RuleSet, m4, aliases, dbm/btree/hash µî¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »çÀüÇнÀÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.

¼³¸íÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº Sendmail 8.8 À̻󿡼­ °¡´ÉÇϹǷÎ,¸ÕÀú ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¼³Ä¡µÈ ¹öÁ¯À» È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù.


$ telnet localhost smtp

Trying 127.0.0.1...

220 kfug2.kr.freebsd.org ESMTP Sendmail 8.9.3/8.9.3

¹öÁ¯ÀÌ 8.8º¸´Ù ³·´Ù¸é, 'ftp://ftp.sendmail.org/pub/sendmail/'¿¡¼­ ÃֽŹöÁ¯À» ±¸Çϱ⠹ٶõ´Ù. Sendmail 8.2 À̻󿡼­´Â 'domaintable' ǻó¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ ±¸ÇöµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, ¿©±â¿¡¼­´Â ´Ù·çÁö ¾Ê°Ú´Ù.

m4¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ sendmail.cf »ý¼º

¸ÕÀú 'sendmail-VERSION/cf/cf/'¿¡¼­ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ÀûÀýÇÑ mc ÆÄÀÏÀ» º¹»çÇÑ ÈÄ, Virtual Domain ¼³Á¤¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ 'virtusertable', 'genericstable' ǻó¸¦ Ãß°¡ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÛ¼ºµÈ mc ÆÄÀÏÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ º¸ÀδÙ.


* generic-bsd4.4.mc ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ç¿ëÇØ ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ freebsd.mc ÆÄÀÏ

divert(0)dnl

VERSIONID(`@(#)generic-bsd4.4.mc        8.7 (Berkeley) 5/19/1998')

OSTYPE(bsd4.4)dnl

DOMAIN(generic)dnl

MAILER(local)dnl

MAILER(smtp)dnl

FEATURE(virtusertable, btree /etc/domainaliases.db)dnl

FEATURE(genericstable, btree /etc/useraliases.db)dnl

'virtusertable' ǻó´Â ¼ö½Å(in-bound)µÇ´Â ÆíÁö¸¦ ·ÎÄà »ç¿ëÀÚ·Î ¸ÅÇÎÇÏ´Â RuleSetÀ» »ý¼ºÇÏ°í, 'genericstable' ǻó´Â ¹Ý´ë·Î ¼Û½Å(out-bound)µÇ´Â ÆíÁö¿¡ ´ëÇØ ·ÎÄà À¯Àú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ÞÀÏÁÖ¼Ò(¸ÞÀÏ Çì´õ»óÀÇ From: Çʵå)¸¦ ¸ÅÇÎÇÏ´Â RuleSetÀ» »ý¼ºÇÑ´Ù. DNSÀÇ Forward Zone°ú Reverse ZoneÀ» »ý°¢ÇÏ¸é µÇ°Ú´Ù.

'btree'´Â ÇØ´ç Å×À̺í(domainaliases.db)ÀÌ B-Tree(Berkeley DB) µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ÇüÅ·ΠÀúÀåµÊÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. °¡´ÉÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ À¯ÇüÀ¸·Î´Â hash(Berkeley DB)¿Í dbm(NDBM)ÀÌ Àִµ¥, Å×À̺íÀÌ ¹æ´ëÇÒ °æ¿ì È¿À²Àº btree(Berkeley DB) > hash(Berkeley DB) > dbm(NDBM) ¼øÀÌ´Ù. ¼Óµµ°¡ ºü¸¥ btree¿Í hash¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â Berkeley DB(FreeBSD¸¦ ºñ·ÔÇØ ¸î¸î Unix¿¡´Â ±âº»À¸·Î Æ÷ÇԵȴÙ)°¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾î¾ß Çϸç, sendmail°ú makemap ÄÄÆÄÀϽà -DNEWDB Ç÷¡±×(Berkeley DB°¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù¸é ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î -DNEWDB Ç÷¡±×°¡ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Berkeley DB°¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ» °æ¿ì¿£ -DNDBM Ç÷¡±×(NDBM ¶óÀ̺귯¸®´Â ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ Unix¿¡ ±âº»À¸·Î Æ÷ÇԵȴÙ)·Î ÄÄÆÄÀÏ µÇ´Âµ¥ À̶§¿¡´Â dbmÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¸®´ª½º¿Í °°ÀÌ Berkeley DBÀÇ GNUÆÇÀÎ GDBMÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â °æ¿ì¿£ º°µµÀÇ ³ë·Â¾øÀÌ ¼¼ Á¾·ùÀÇ DB¸¦ ¸ðµÎ ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

ÀÛ¼ºµÈ freebsd.mc ÆÄÀÏÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ m4(Macro Language Processor)¸¦ ÅëÇØ sendmail.cf·Î º¯È¯ÇÑ´Ù.


# cd sendmail-VERSION/cf/cf

# m4 ../m4/cf.m4 freebsd.mc > freebsd.cf

# cp freebsd.cf /etc/sendmail.cf

¸¸¾à ±âÁ¸ÀÇ sendmail.cf°¡ À¯ÁöµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏ´Â »óȲÀ̶ó¸é, ½ÇÁ¦ º» µÎ ǻó°¡ »ý¼ºÇÏ´Â ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ RuleSetÀ» Âü°íÇÏ¿© sendmail.cf¸¦ Á÷Á¢ ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ¿©µµ ÁÁ´Ù. (RuleSetÀÌ »ðÀԵǴ À§Ä¡¸¦ ÆľÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ m4·Î sendmail.cf¸¦ »ý¼ºÇÏ¿© ºñ±³Çϱ⠹ٶõ´Ù)


* FEATURE(virtusertable, btree /etc/domainaliases.db)dnl

# Virtual user table (maps incoming users)

Kvirtuser btree /etc/domainaliases.db



# handle virtual users (RuleSet 0ÀÇ Parse1 ¾Æ·¡¿¡ À§Ä¡)

R$+ < @ $=w . >         $: < $(virtuser $1 @ $2 $@ $1 $: @ $) > $1 < @ $2 . >

R<@> $+ + $* < @ $* . >

                        $: < $(virtuser $1 + * @ $3 $@ $1 $: @ $) > $1 + $2 < @ $3 . >

R<@> $+ + $* < @ $* . >

                        $: < $(virtuser $1 @ $3 $@ $1 $: @ $) > $1 + $2 < @ $3 . >

R<@> $+ < @ $+ . >      $: < $(virtuser @ $2 $@ $1 $: @ $) > $1 < @ $2 . >

R<@> $+                 $: $1

R< error : $- $+ > $*   $#error $@ $(dequote $1 $) $: $2

R< $+ > $+ < @ $+ >     $: $>97 $1


* FEATURE(genericstable, btree /etc/useraliases.db)dnl

# Generics table (mapping outgoing addresses)

Kgenerics btree /etc/useraliases.db



# handle generics database (RuleSet 93 ¾Æ·¡¿¡ À§Ä¡)

R$+ < @ $=G . > $: < $1@$2 > $1 < @ $2 . > @    mark

R$+ < @ *LOCAL* >       $: < $1@$j > $1 < @ *LOCAL* > @ mark

R< $+ > $+ < $* > @     $: < $(generics $1 $: $) > $2 < $3 >

R< > $+ < @ $+ >        $: < $(generics $1 $: $) > $1 < @ $2 >

R< $* @ $* > $* < $* >  $@ $>3 $1 @ $2                  found qualified

R< $+ > $* < $* >       $: $>3 $1 @ *LOCAL*             found unqualified

R< > $*                 $: $1                           not found

Forward-map Å×À̺í ÀÛ¼º

¸ÕÀú, ÇØ´ç È£½ºÆ®°¡ ¼ö½ÅÇÏ´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» Ŭ·¡½º w(sendmail.cw)¿¡ ³ª¿­ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.


* /etc/sendmail.cw ÆÄÀÏ

nobreak.com

kr.freebsd.org

'domainaliases' ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÆíÁý±â·Î ¿­¾î ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Virtual User TableÀ» ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ´Ù.


* /etc/domainaliases ÆÄÀÏ

webmaster@nobreak.com		dipper

moonhunt@nobreak.com		moonhunt@ieee.org

cjh@nobreak.com			error:nouser Unknown User

@nobreak.com			nobreak

@kr.freebsd.org			%1@xfree86.org

¸ÞÀÏÁÖ¼Ò 'webmaster@nobreak.com'´Â ·ÎÄà »ç¿ëÀÚ dipper·Î ¸ÅÇεǰí, 'moonhunt@nobreak.com'·Î ¹è´ÞµÇ´Â ÆíÁö´Â 'moonhunt@ieee.org'·Î Æ÷¿öµù µÈ´Ù. 'cjh@nobreak.com'À¸·Î ¹è´ÞµÇ´Â ÆíÁö¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ¿¡·¯¸Þ½ÃÁö 'Unknown User'·Î ´äÇϸç, ±×¿Ü 'nobreak.com'À¸·Î ¼ö½ÅµÇ´Â ¸ðµç ÆíÁö´Â ·ÎÄà »ç¿ëÀÚ nobreak·Î Àü´ÞµÈ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, 'kr.freebsd.org'·Î ¼ö½ÅµÇ´Â ¸ðµç ÆíÁö´Â 'xfree86.org'ÀÇ °°Àº »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡°Ô Æ÷¿öµùµÈ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ aliases ÆÄÀÏ°ú ¿¬µ¿ÇÏ¿© ´Ù¼öÀÇ »ç¿ëÀÚ¸¦ ¸ÅÇÎÇÏ´Â°Í ¶ÇÇÑ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.


* /etc/domainaliases ÆÄÀÏ

announce@kr.freebsd.org		announce.ml

admin@kr.freebsd.org		admin.ml


* /etc/aliases ÆÄÀÏ

announce.ml:		:include:/var/ml/announce.ml

admin.ml:		nobreak, moonhunt@ieee.org

Reverse-map Å×À̺í ÀÛ¼º

È£½ºÆ®¸íÀÌ 'kfug2.kr.freebsd.org'À϶§, ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­ out-boundµÇ´Â ÆíÁö´Â ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î 'user@kfug2.kr.freebsd.org'¸¦ FromÀ¸·Î °®´Â´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ Reverse-map Å×À̺íÀº ·ÎÄà »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ ¸ÞÀÏÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ º¯°æÇÑ´Ù.


* /etc/useraliases ÆÄÀÏ

nobreak			nobreak@nobreak.com

cjh			cjh@kr.freebsd.org

Å×ÀÌºí º¯È¯ ¹× ½ÇÇè

ÀÛ¼ºµÈ Å×À̺íÀº makemapÀ» »ç¿ëÇØ dbm/btree/hash ÇüÅ·Πº¯È¯µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¿©±â¼­´Â btree¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿´À¸¹Ç·Î ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌÇÑ´Ù.


# makemap btree /etc/domainaliases.db < /etc/domainaliases

# makemap btree /etc/useraliases.db < /etc/useraliases

# ls /etc/domainaliases* /etc/useraliases*

/etc/domainaliases      /etc/useraliases

/etc/domainaliases.db   /etc/useraliases.db

ÀÌÁ¦ SendmailÀ» Çà¾÷ÇÏ°í µ¿ÀÛÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏÀÚ.


# kill -HUP `cat /var/run/sendmail.pid`



# sendmail -bv webmaster@nobreak.com

webmaster@nobreak.com... deliverable: mailer local, user dipper



# sendmail -bv cjh@nobreak.com

cjh@nobreak.com... Unknown User



# sendmail -bv anybody@kr.freebsd.org

anybody@kr.freebsd.org... deliverable: mailer esmtp,

host xfree86.org., user anybody@xfree86.org


BIND À¯Áö/º¸¼ö

BIND ½Ã±×³Î

BIND´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸î °³ÀÇ ¿¹¾àµÈ ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ½Ã±×³Î Áß ¸î¸î¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ÆÄÀÏ·Î °á°ú¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇϴµ¥, ÆÄÀÏÀº º¸Åë /var/named/ ȤÀº /var/tmp/ µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ ³²´Â´Ù.

BIND Syslog ¸Þ½ÃÁöµé

BIND´Â Syslog¸¦ ÅëÇØ ÀÏ»óÀû ¾Ë¸²¿¡¼­ºÎÅÍ Ä¡¸íÀû ¿À·ù±îÁö ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ ³²±ä´Ù. ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÇ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¿À·ù ¹× ¿Àµ¿ÀÛÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀº Syslog¿¡¼­ºÎÅÍ Ã£¾Æ³ª°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ ¼ø¼­ÀÌ°Ú´Ù. Syslog´Â /etc/syslog.confÀÇ ¼³Á¤¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¸£Áö¸¸, º¸Åë /var/log/messages ȤÀº /var/adm/messages ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ ³²±ä´Ù.

´ÙÀ½Àº, BIND°¡ ±¸µ¿µÉ ¶§, HUP ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» ¶§, Á¾·áµÉ ¶§ ±â·ÏµÇ´Â ÀÏ»óÀûÀÎ ¸Þ½ÃÁöµéÀÌ´Ù.


Jan  1  5:33:39 ns named[288]: starting.  named 8.2

Jan  2 16:57:11 ns named[291]: reloading nameserver

Feb  5  3:34:31 ns named[289]: named shutting down

Syslog¿¡ ³²´Â ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÇ Çü½ÄÀº '½Ã°£ È£½ºÆ®¸í named[PID]: ¸Þ½ÃÁö'¿Í °°Àº Çü½Ä¸¦ ÃëÇϴµ¥, BIND-4¿Í BIND-8 ±×¸®°í °¢ ¹öÀüº°·Î »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ´Ü¾î¿Í ¸Þ½ÃÁö ¾ç½ÄÀÌ Á¶±Ý¾¿ »óÀÌÇÔ¿¡ À¯ÀÇÇÑ´Ù.


Feb  1 11:33:40 ns named[288]: master zone "nobreak.com"

(IN) loaded (serial 1999012901)

Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ ¸Þ¸ð¸®¿¡ ÀûÀçÇÏ¿´À½À» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. BIND-4¿¡¼­´Â 'primary zone'À̶ó Ç¥ÇöÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸, BIND-8·Î ³Ñ¾î¿À¸é¼­ 'master zone'À¸·Î ¸íĪÀÌ ¼öÁ¤µÇ¾ú´Ù.

¸Å½Ã°£ BIND´Â °£·«ÇÑ Åë°èÁ¤º¸¸¦ ±â·ÏÇÑ´Ù. (BIND-4ÀÇ ÀϺΠ¹öÀü°ú ¸î¸î OS º¥´õ°¡ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â BIND´Â ÀÌ Ç»Ãĸ¦ ±âº»À¸·Î ²¨³õ°í ÀÖ´Ù.)


Feb  2 18:57:12 ns named[291]: USAGE 917949432 917837292

CPU=1558.86u/491.54s CHILDCPU=921.29u/1228.57s



Feb  2 18:57:12 ns named[291]: NSTATS 917949432 917837292

Unknown=3 A=95677 NS=3 SOA=275 PTR=563972 MX=11355 TXT=16 AXFR=10 ANY=17840



Feb  2 18:57:12 ns named[291]: XSTATS 917949432 917837292

RR=270905 RNXD=92478 RFwdR=133260 RDupR=505 RFail=8882

RFErr=0 RErr=75 RAXFR=10 RLame=111437 ROpts=0

SSysQ=24028 SAns=467186 SFwdQ=221971 SDupQ=255265 SErr=5319

RQ=689151 RIQ=17 RFwdQ=0 RDupQ=224 RTCP=53 SFwdR=133260

SFail=290 SFErr=0 SNaAns=189120 SNXD=186481

°¢ ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÇ Ã³À½¿¡ ³ª¿À´Â 2°³ ¼ýÀÚ´Â ÇöÀç½Ã°£°ú BIND°¡ ½ÃÀÛµÈ ½Ã°£À» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. '917949432 - 917837292'¸¦ °è»êÇϸé, ¼­¹ö°¡ ¿î¿ëµÈ ½Ã°£(ÃÊ)À» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. USAGE´Â CPU »ç¿ëÁ¤µµ¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Âµ¥, ÁÖ CPU°¡ 1558Ãʵ¿¾È »ç¿ëÀÚ(u) ¸ðµå¿¡¼­, 491Ãʵ¿¾È ½Ã½ºÅÛ(s) ¸ðµå¿¡¼­ µ¿ÀÛÇÏ¿´À½À» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. CHILDCPUµµ °°Àº ÀǹÌÀε¥, ¸ÖƼ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¸é, CHILDCPU´Â 0u/0s ·Î Ç¥½ÃµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. NSTATS¿Í XSTATS´Â 'BIND Statistics'¿¡¼­ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ´Ù·é´Ù.


Feb  5 09:39:05 ns named[26674]: Sent NOTIFY for "nobreak.com IN SOA"

(nobreak.com); 1 NS, 1 A

BIND-8¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ Dynamic Update ±â´ÉÀº Primary°¡ Secondary¿¡°Ô Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º°¡ ¼öÁ¤µÇ¾úÀ¸´Ï ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®Ç϶ó´Â Á¤º¸¸¦ º¸³½´Ù. º» ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â 'nobreak.com'¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º°¡ ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®µÇ¾î ¾Ë¸² ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ º¸³Â´Ù´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù.


Feb  5 09:36:00 ns named[26674]: ns_forw: query(57.132.119.210.in-addr.arpa)

No possible A RRs

Resolver°¡ ¿äûÇÑ µµ¸ÞÀÎ(Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀÎ)À» ãÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ» °æ¿ì ÀÌ´Ù.


Feb  5 09:35:46 ns named[26674]: Lame server on 'ryu.siyon.com'

(in 'siyon.com'?): [210.105.79.103].53 'ns.mylover.com'

µµ¸ÞÀÎ 'siyon.com'ÀÌ 'ns.mylover.com'À¸·Î À§ÀӵǾúÀ¸³ª, ÇØ´ç ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ Authority ¼³Á¤ÀÌ µÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀº °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¿ÜºÎ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡¼­ÀÇ Lame DelegationÀ̹ǷΠ½Å°æ ¾²Áö ¾Ê¾Æµµ ÁÁ´Ù.

BIND Syslog ÁÖÀÇ/¿À·ù ¸Þ½ÃÁöµé

´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ¸Þ½ÃÁöµéÀº ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º»óÀÇ ºñÁ¤»óÀûÀÎ ¸µÅ©¿Í, À߸øµÈ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö ¼³Á¤¿¡ ±âÀÎÇÑ ¸Þ½ÃÁöµéÀÌ´Ù. º» ¸Þ½ÃÁö Áß ¸î¸îÀº Ÿ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °ÍÀÌ°í, ÀǵµÀûÀÎ °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖÀ¸´Ï, °¡´ÉÇÑ ¹üÀ§¿¡¼­ ¿øÀÎÀ» Á¦°ÅÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.


Feb  3 12:53:27 ns named[291]: ns_forw: query(shpark.co.kr)

contains our address (ns.nobreak.com:210.105.79.2)

µµ¸ÞÀÎ 'shpark.co.kr'ÀÌ ns.nobreak.com(ÀÚ½Å)À¸·Î À§ÀӵǾúÀ¸³ª, Authority°¡ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ» °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù. ³»ºÎ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Lame Delegation ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÌ´Ï, ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ°í, ÀûÀýÇÑ Á¶Ä¡¸¦ ÃëÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.


Feb  5 10:09:01 ns named[26674]: "nobreak.com IN NS"

points to a CNAME (ns.nobreak.com)



Feb  5 10:09:11 ns named[26674]: "nms.nobreak.com IN MX"

points to a CNAME (mail.nobreak.com)



Feb  5 09:57:15 ns named[26674]: power.nobreak.com has CNAME and other data

CNAMEÀÇ À߸øµÈ »ç¿ë¿¡ ±âÀÎÇÑ ¿À·ùµéÀÌ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ MX¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ ¿À·ù´Â Àüü°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ ¸î¸î MTA(¿¹:sendmail)¿¡¼­ ¸ÞÀÏ ¶ó¿ìÆÿ¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ »ý±æ ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ¿øÀÎÀ» ã±âÀ§ÇØ ¿À·£ ½Ã°£À» ÇãºñÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÁÖÀÇÇÏÀÚ. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¹®¹ýÀû ¿À·ù°¡ ÀÖÀ» ¶§, º» ¸Þ½ÃÁöµéÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³­´Ù.


nobreak.com.	IN	NS	ns.nobreak.com.   ; (X) ns´Â CNAMEÀÌ´Ù.

ns		IN	CNAME	mild.nobreak.com.



nms		IN	MX	mail.nobreak.com. ; (X) mailÀº CNAME ÀÌ´Ù.

mail		IN	CNAME	mhub.nobreak.com.



power		IN	CNAME	layla.nobreak.com.

		IN	MX	mhub.nobreak.com. ; (X)Ãß°¡·¹Äڵ尡 ¿Ã ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

CNAME ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ¾î¶°ÇÑ Ãß°¡ ·¹Äڵ嵵 °®À» ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç, NS/MX/SOA ·¹ÄÚµå´Â CNAME°ú ¿¬°áµÉ ¼ö ¾øÀ½À» ±â¾ïÇÏÀÚ.


Feb  5 09:24:56 ns2 named-xfer[2502]: record too short from

[210.105.79.2], zone nobreak.com

Primary NS°¡ xfrnets(BIND-4) ȤÀº allow-transfer(BIND-8) ¿É¼ÇÀ¸·Î, Zone Transfer¸¦ ¸·¾Æ, ÇØ´ç ZoneÀ» °®°í ¿ÀÁö ¸øÇÒ °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù. ÇØ´ç ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö °ü¸®ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¿¬¶ôÇÏ¿©, Zone Transfer°¡ °¡´ÉÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

BIND Statistics

³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö È°¿ëÁ¤µµ¿Í µµ¸ÞÀγ»¿¡ ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö °³¼ö¸¦ ÆľÇÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿©, ÁÖ±âÀûÀÎ Åë°è ÀÚ·á °ËÅä°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ¿©±â¼­ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö Åë°è Á¤º¸ ºÐ¼®¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ë¾Æº¸°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù. Åë°èÁ¤º¸´Â [±×¸² 6]°ú °°ÀÌ timeout(DNS´Â ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î UDP¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡)¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Áߺ¹µÈ Äõ¸®¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.


[±×¸² 6] ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°£ÀÇ ÁúÀÇ ¿¹Á¦

BIND·ÎºÎÅÍ Åë°è Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾ò±â À§Çؼ­´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ILL(BIND-8)/IOT(BIND-4) ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. BIND´Â ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» ¹ÞÀ¸¸é Åë°è ÆÄÀÏÀ» /var/named/named.stats ȤÀº /var/tmp/named.stats·Î Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.


# kill -ILL `cat /var/run/named.pid`

# ls -al /var/named/named.stats

-rw-r--r--   1 root     root        19832 Mar  8 04:51 /var/named/named.stats

# cat /var/named/named.stats

+++ Statistics Dump +++ (920978301) Tue Mar  9 20:18:21 1999

208719  time since boot (secs)

3396    time since reset (secs)

3       Unknown query types

205739  A queries

39      NS queries

916     SOA queries

802719  PTR queries

19192   MX queries

2       TXT queries

15      AAAA queries

129     AXFR queries

29359   ANY queries



++ Name Server Statistics ++

(Legend)

	RR      RNXD    RFwdR   RDupR   RFail

	RFErr   RErr    RAXFR   RLame   ROpts

	SSysQ   SAns    SFwdQ   SDupQ   SErr

	RQ      RIQ     RFwdQ   RDupQ   RTCP

	SFwdR   SFail   SFErr   SNaAns  SNXD

(Global)

	447781  164719 227112   869     25991

	0       245    125      170586  0

	33963   720395 337570   294284  8122

	1058113 0      337570   190     0

	227112  20791  0        228616  298214



[210.104.247.129]

        157     0      0        0       10

        0       0      0        147     0

        0       36     146      22      0

        36      0      0        0       0

        11      0      0        0       13



.

.

.

À§´Â BIND 8.2¿¡¼­ Åë°èÁ¤º¸¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÑ ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù.


208719  time since boot (secs)

3396    time since reset (secs)

BIND°¡ ±¸µ¿µÈÈÄ ¿î¿ëµÈ ½Ã°£°ú ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ¸®·ÎµåµÈ(HUP ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» ¹ÞÀº) ÈÄ °æ°úµÈ ½Ã°£À» ÃÊ´ÜÀ§·Î Ç¥½ÃÇÑ´Ù.


3       Unknown query types

¾Ë·ÁÁöÁö ¾ÊÀº Äõ¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁúÀÇ È½¼öÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â À߸øµÈ ±¸Çö¿¡ ±âÀÎÇϰųª, ´©±º°¡¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ »õ·Î¿î ŸÀԽõµ ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.


205739  A queries

A Äõ¸®´Â ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ÀÀ¿ë¿¡¼­ ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â ÁúÀÇÀ̸ç, °¡Àå ºó¹øÈ÷ ¿ä±¸µÈ´Ù.


39      NS queries

³»ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î BIND´Â ·çÆ® ¼­¹ö¿¡ ÁúÀÇ ÇÒ¶§, NS Äõ¸®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ÇØ´ç ¼­¹ö°¡ ·çÆ® ¼­¹ö°¡ ¾Æ´Ò °æ¿ì¿¡´Â Dig³ª Nslookup°°Àº ÁúÀÇ µµ±¸¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¸í½ÃÀû ¿äûÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù.


916     SOA queries

SOA Äõ¸®´Â Secondary NS°¡ ÇØ´ç ZoneÀÇ ½Ã¸®¾ó º¯È­¸¦ °¨ÁöÇϱâ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.


802719  PTR queries

Reverse µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â ÀÀ¿ëµé¿¡ ÀÇÇϸç A Äõ¸®¿Í ÇÔ²² °¡Àå ºó¹øÈ÷ ¿äûµÈ´Ù.


19192   MX queries

MX Äõ¸®´Â Sendmail°ú °°Àº MTA°¡ ¸ÞÀÏ ¶ó¿ìÆà Á¤º¸¸¦ ½ÀµæÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¿äûÇÑ´Ù.


2       TXT queries

15      AAAA queries

TXT¿Í AAAA Äõ¸®´Â Dig³ª Nslookup°°Àº DNS ÁúÀÇ µµ±¸¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿äûµÈ´Ù.


129     AXFR queries

AXFR Äõ¸®´Â Secondary°¡ Zone Transfer ÇÒ ¶§ ¿äûµÇ¹Ç·Î, ±× ¼öÄ¡´Â Zone Transfer Ƚ¼ö¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù.


29359   ANY queries

Any Äõ¸®´Â ±Ù·¡ÀÇ SendmailÀÌ ¸ñÀûÁö È£½ºÆ®ÀÇ A, MX, CNAME Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾ò±â À§ÇØ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

³ª¸ÓÁö Åë°èÁ¤º¸´Â °³º° È£½ºÆ®(Remote ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿Í Stub Resolver)ÀÇ Åë°è Á¤º¸¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. º¸Åë ÃÑ ÇÕÀ» Ç¥½ÃÇÏ´Â [Global] ÇÊµå ¾Æ·¡·Î ¼ö¹é ȤÀº ¼öõÀÇ È£½ºÆ®°¡ ³ª¿­µÇ´Âµ¥, °³º° ¼­¹ö¿ÍÀÇ Åë°èÁ¤º¸´Â ¸Þ¸ð¸®¸¦ ¼ÒºñÇÒ »Ó ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î Áß¿äÄ¡ ¾Ê¾Æ, BIND-8¿¡¼­´Â ±âº»À¸·Î Á¦°ÅµÇ¾î [Global] Çʵ常ÀÌ Ç¥½ÃµÈ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, °³º° È£½ºÆ®º° Åë°è´Â ¼Û/¼ö½Å ÆÐŶ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ªÀ» ¾Ë·ÁÁֱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ Åë°è¿¡¼­ ÆľÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¹®Á¦(³×Æ®¿öÅ© Áö¿¬°ú °°Àº)¸¦ Áø´ÜÇϴµ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ ¿É¼ÇÀ» Á¶Á¤ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á °³º° È£½ºÆ® Åë°è¸¦ °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.


* named.conf (BIND-8)

options {

        host-statistics yes;

};

Legend·Î Ç¥½ÃµÇ´Â ±¸ºÐÀÚµéÀº °¢ ÇʵåÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Âµ¥, S(Sent)·Î ½ÃÀÛÇϴ°ÍÀº ·ÎÄà ȣ½ºÆ®¿¡¼­ ¼Û½ÅµÈ Äõ¸®¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÏ°í, R(Received)Àº ¼ö½ÅÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. ¼ø¼­¿Í Á¾·ù´Â BINDÀÇ ¹öÁ¯¿¡ µû¶ó Á¶±Ý¾¿ »óÀÌÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.


RR(Sent us an answer) 447781

RQ(Sent us a query) 1058113

¸®¸ðÆ® È£½ºÆ®°¡ ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö·Î ÀÀ´ä(Answer)ÇÑ È½¼ö°¡ RRÀ̸ç, ÁúÀÇ(Question)ÇÑ È½¼ö°¡ RQÀÌ´Ù. RRÀÌ RQ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÀ´äÀº ¾Æ´Ï¹Ç·Î, RR°ú RQÀÇ ¼öÄ¡¿£ »ó°ü°ü°è°¡ ¾ø´Ù.


RNXD(Sent us a negative response) 164719

SNXD(Sent them a negative response) 298214

RNXD´Â ¿äûÇÑ Äõ¸®¿¡ ´ëÇØ 'µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¾øÀ½' ÀÀ´äÀ» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» °æ¿ì Áõ°¡ÇÑ´Ù. SNXD´Â ¹Ý´ë·Î 'µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¾øÀ½' Äõ¸®¸¦ Àü¼ÛÇßÀ» °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù.


RFwdR(Sent us a response we had to fwd) 227112

SFwdR(Forwarded a response to them) 227112

RFwdQ(Sent us a query we had to forward) 337570

SFwdQ(Forwarded a query to them) 337570

ResolverÀÇ ¿äû¿¡ ´ëÇØ ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö´Â ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º¸¦ °Ë»öÇÏ¿© ÃÖÁ¾ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸®¸ðÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÀ´ä¹ÞÀº °á°ú¸¦ Resolver¿¡°Ô ÅëÁöÇϴµ¥, RFwdRÀº ¸®¸ðÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÀ´ä¹ÞÀº Äõ¸®(RR)Áß Æ÷¿öµùÇÒ Äõ¸®ÀÇ °³¼öÀÌ°í, SFwdRÀº ½ÇÁ¦ Æ÷¿öµùÇÑ Äõ¸® °³¼öÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ý´ë·Î RFwdQ´Â ResolverÀÇ ÁúÀÇ(RQ)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Æ÷¿öµù ¿äûÀ̸ç, SFwdQ ½ÇÁ¦ ¸®¸ðÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö·Î ÁúÀǸ¦ Æ÷¿öµùÇÑ °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù.


RDupR(Sent us an extra answer) 869

RDupQ(Sent us a retry) 190

SDupQ(Sent them a retry) 294284

³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ ´Ù¿îµÇ¾î TimeoutÀÌ ¾ß±âµÇ°Å³ª, ³×Æ®¿öÅ© Àå¾Ö µîÀÇ ¿ä¼Ò·Î È£½ºÆ®°£ ÆÐŶ ¼Û/¼ö½Å¿¡ Áö¿¬ÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÒ °æ¿ì, È£½ºÆ®°£¿¡ Áߺ¹µÈ(Retry) Äõ¸® ¿äûÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. RDupRÀº ¸®¸ðÆ® È£½ºÆ®¿¡¼­ ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö·Î Àü¼ÛÇÑ Áߺ¹µÈ ÀÀ´ä([±×¸² 6]ÀÇ ½Ã³ª¸®¿À Âü°í) Ƚ¼öÀ̸ç, RDupQ´Â ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ ¼ö½ÅÇÑ Áߺ¹ ÁúÀÇ(ÇØ´ç ÁúÀǸ¦ ¹Ìó ó¸®ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ »óÅ¿¡¼­ ¼ö½ÅµÇ´Â µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ÁúÀÇ) Ƚ¼öÀÌ°í, SDupQ´Â ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ ¸®¸ðÆ® È£½ºÆ®·Î ¿äûÇÑ Áߺ¹ ÁúÀÇ °³¼öÀÌ´Ù.


RFail(Sent us a SERVFAIL) 5176

SFail(Sent them a SERVFAIL) 90

RFailÀº È£½ºÆ®(Remote)ÀÇ À߸øµÈ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ¼³Á¤, ¸Þ¸ð¸® ÇÒ´ç ¿À·ù, SecondaryÀÏ °æ¿ì ExpireµÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎ µîÀÇ ¹®Á¦·Î ±âÀÎÇÑ SERVFAIL ÀÀ´ä Ƚ¼ö¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. SFailÀº ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÇ ¹®Á¦·Î ¹ß¼ÛµÈ SERVFAIL ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÌ´Ù.


RFErr(Sent us a FORMERR) 0

SFErr(Sent them a FORMERR) 0

RFErrÀº ¼ö½ÅÇÑ FORMERR ÀÀ´ä Ƚ¼ö¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. FORMERR ÀÀ´äÀº ¸®¸ðÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ ¹®¹ýÀû ¿À·ù°¡ ÀÖ´Â ÁúÀǸ¦ ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» ¶§ º¸³»¾îÁø´Ù. SFErrÀº ¹Ý´ë·Î ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ ¼Û½ÅÇÑ FORMERR ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÇ °³¼öÀÌ´Ù. ³×Æ®¿öÅ©»óÀÇ ÆÐŶÀü¼Û¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ÇÑ º» µÎ °ªÀº 0 ÀÌ´Ù.


RErr(Sent us some other error) 245

SErr(Sent failed) 8122

¼ö½ÅµÈ SERVFAIL °ú FORMERR ÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ ¸ðµç ¼ö½Å/¼Û½Å ¿À·ù ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â RErr/SErr¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵȴÙ.


RAXFR(Sent us an AXFR) 125

AXFR Äõ¸®´Â Secondary°¡ Zone Transfer Çϱâ À§ÇØ º¸³»¾î Áø´Ù. °³º° È£½ºÆ® Ç׸ñ¿¡¼­ º» Çʵ尡 0 ÀÏ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ÇØ´ç È£½ºÆ®°¡ ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÇ ¾î¶°ÇÑ µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇؼ­µµ Secondary·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ½À» ¶æÇÑ´Ù.


RLame(Sent us a lame delegation) 170586

À§ÀÓµÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎÁß ¸î¸î¿¡´ëÇØ Authority°¡ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾îÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ»°æ¿ì º» °ªÀº 0ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. Áï ƯÁ¤ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö·Î ÁöÁ¤µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸³ª Primary ȤÀº Secondary ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ¾øÀ» °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù.


ROpts(Sent us some IP options) 0

IP ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ¼³Á¤µÈ ÆÐŶÀ» ¼ö½ÅÇÏ¿´À» °æ¿ì, ROpts°¡ Áõ°¡ÇÑ´Ù.


SSysQ(Sent them a sysquery) 33963

·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛ Äõ¸® Àü¼ÛȽ¼öÀÌ´Ù. ½Ã½ºÅÛ Äõ¸®´Â ¸®¸ðÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö(·çÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿©) Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ® Çϱâ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.


RIQ(Sent us an inverse query) 0

RIQ´Â ¼ö½ÅÇÑ Reserve Domain ¿äû Ƚ¼öÀÌÁö¸¸, ±Ù·¡ÀÇ BIND¿¡¼­´Â PTR queries·Î Èí¼öµÇ¾î ´õ ÀÌ»ó »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ RIQ´Â Ç×»ó 0ÀÌ´Ù.


RTCP(Sent us a query using TCP) 0

RTCP´Â TCP ¿¬°áÀ» ÅëÇØ ¼ö½ÅµÈ ÁúÀÇ È½¼ö¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ Äõ¸®´Â UDP¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¼Û/¼ö½ÅµÇ¹Ç·Î º» °ªÀº 0À» °®°Å³ª, ºñÀ²ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸Å¿ì ÀûÀº ¼öÄ¡¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù.


SAns(Sent them an answer) 720395

SNaAns(Sent them a non-autoritative answer) 228616

SAns´Â ¿äûµÈ ÁúÀÇ(RQ)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÀ´ä Ƚ¼ö¸¦ ¸»Çϸç, °á°ú°¡ ij½¬¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßµÇ¾úÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡´Â SNaAns°¡ Ä«¿îÆ®µÈ´Ù.

BIND Bebugging Output

BINDÀÇ µð¹ö±ë Ãâ·ÂÀº °³¹ßÀÚµéÀÌ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¸¦ ¸ÞÀÎÅͳͽºÇÒ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î È°¿ëµÇ¹Ç·Î, ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ±¸ÇöÀ» »ý°¢Çϰųª BINDÀÇ µ¿ÀÛÀ» ÆľÇÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¸é, ±»ÀÌ À̸¦ ¸ðµÎ ÀÌÇØÇÏ·Á ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ BIND¸¦ Á»´õ ±í¼÷ÀÌ ÀÌÇØÇÏ°í ±× ÀÀ¿ëÀ» ±Ø´ëÈ­ ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é, µð¹ö±ë Á¤º¸ ºÐ¼®¿¡ ¸¹Àº Àç¹Ì¸¦ ´À³¥ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿©±â ¸ðµÎ´Â ¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸ µð¹ö±ë Ãâ·ÂÁ¤º¸¸¦ Çؼ®ÇÏ´Â ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î¸¦ ¼Ò°³ÇÑ´Ù.


# kill -USR1 `cat /var/run/named.pid` (or 'ndc trace')

# ping www.openbsd.org.

# kill -USR2 `cat /var/run/named.pid` (or 'ndc notrace')

# ls -al /var/named/named.run

-rw-r--r--  1 root  bin  1153 Mar 10 00:30 named.run

BIND´Â USR1 ½Ã±×³ÎÀº ¹ÞÀ»¶§¸¶´Ù µð¹ö±ë ·¹¹úÀ» ÇѴܰ辿 ³ô¿©°¡´Âµ¥, ³ôÀº µð¹ö±ë ·¹º§Àº Á»´õ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇÏ¿© ÁØ´Ù. µð¹ö±ë Ãâ·ÂÀº /var/named/named.run ȤÀº /var/tmp/named.run ÆÄÀÏ·Î »ý¼ºµÇ¸ç, ¸Å¿ì ºü¸£°Ô Áõ°¡ÇϹǷΠÇÊ¿äÇÑ Á¤º¸°¡ ÀâÇû´Ù°í ÆǴܵǴ ½ÃÁ¡¿¡¼­ USR2 ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ Ãâ·ÂÀ» Á¤Áö½ÃÅ°±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù. BIND µð¹ö±ë Ãâ·ÂÀº ´Ù¹ßÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â Äõ¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸°¡ ¸ðµÎ ±â·ÏµÇ¹Ç·Î, ¶§·Ð ¿øÇÏ´Â Á¤º¸¸¦ Ã߸®´Âµ¥ ¾à°£ÀÇ Àγ»½ÉÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. BINDÀÇ ÃʱâÈ­ °úÁ¤À» »ìÆ캸°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é 'named -d 1 &'°ú °°ÀÌ ºÎÆýà Ŀ¸Çµå¶óÀÎ ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.


datagram from [210.105.79.6].3442, fd 21, len 33;

ÀÌ°ÍÀº È£½ºÆ® '210.105.79.6'¿¡¼­ Æ÷Æ® 3442¹øÀ¸·Î ±æÀÌ 33 byteÀÇ UDP ÆÐŶÀÌ ÆÄÀÏ µð½ºÅ©¸³ÅÍ 6¹øÀ» ÅëÇØ ¼ö½ÅµÇ¾úÀ½À» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. ¿©±â¼­ ¸»ÇÏ´Â ÆÄÀÏ µð½ºÅ©¸³ÅͶõ ¼­¹ö IP ÁÖ¼Ò(ÆÐŶÀ» listen ÇÏ´Â)¿¡ boundµÈ ¼ÒÄÏ Çڵ鷯¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.


req: nlookup(www.openbsd.org) id 28375 type=1 class=1

¿äûµÈ datagramÀº 'www.openbsd.org'¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁúÀÇ(req)ÀÓÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î Ŭ·¡½º IN(class=1)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ A(type=1) ·¹ÄÚµå ¿äûÀÌ¸ç ³»ºÎ ±¸ºÐ¹øÈ£´Â 28375·Î ¸Å°ÜÁ³´Ù.


req: missed 'www.openbsd.org' as '' (cname=0)

¿äû µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ë°íÀÖ´Â ÀÚ·á°¡ ¾øÀ½(³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇØ Authority¸¦ °®°í ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ij½¬¿¡¼­µµ ãÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ» ¶§)À» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. 'cname=0'´Â 'www.openbsd.org'°¡ CNAMEÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÇÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ½À» ¸»Çϴµ¥, ¹°·Ð Áö±Ý ´Ü°è¿¡¼­´Â BIND°¡ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ CNAME ¼³Á¤¿©ºÎ¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æ³¾ ¼ö ¾øÁö¸¸, º» °ªÀÌ 0ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ò °æ¿ì¿¡´Â CNAMEÀÌ °¡¸£Å°´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ´ë½Å ã´Â´Ù.


forw: forw -> [198.41.0.10].53 ds=23 nsid=19461 id=28375 5ms retry 4sec

ÀÚü lookup¿¡ ½ÇÆÐÇÏ¿´±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ´ÙÀ½ ´Ü°è·Î ÁúÀǸ¦ 'J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET(198.41.0.10:53)'À¸·Î Æ÷¿öµù ÇÑ´Ù.


datagram from [198.41.0.10].53, fd 21, len 449;

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 19461

;; flags: qr; Ques: 1, Ans: 0, Auth: 12, Addit: 12

;; QUESTIONS:

;;      www.openbsd.org, type = A, class = IN



;; AUTHORITY RECORDS:

ORG.    518400  IN      NS      A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

ORG.    518400  IN      NS      I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

ORG.    518400  IN      NS      K.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.



;; ADDITIONAL RECORDS:

A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 IN      A       198.41.0.4

I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 IN      A       192.36.148.17

K.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.     518400  IN      A       195.8.99.11

'J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET'ÀÌ ¿äû¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÀ´äÀ» º¸³»¾î ¿Ô´Ù. ÀÌó·³ ÀÀ´äÀÌ delegation¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ·¹ÆÛ·±½ÌÀÏ °æ¿ì °ü·Ã ³»¿ëÀÌ ¸ðµÎ Ãâ·ÂµÈ´Ù. °á°ú´Â ij½¬¿¡ ÀúÀåµÈ´Ù.


resp: nlookup(www.openbsd.org) qtype=1

ij½¬¿¡¼­ 'www.openbsd.org.'¸¦ ´Ù½Ã ã´Â´Ù.


resp: found 'www.openbsd.org' as 'org' (cname=0)

resp: forw -> [195.8.99.11].53 ds=23 nsid=19462 id=28375 1ms

¿Ïº®ÇÑ °á°ú´Â ¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸, ORG ·¹º§¿¡¼­ À§ÀÓÁ¤º¸¸¦ ¹ß°ßÇÏ¿´±â ¶§¹®¿¡, 'K.GTLD-SERVERS.NET(195.8.99.11)'À¸·Î ÁúÀǸ¦ Æ÷¿öµù ÇÑ´Ù.


datagram from [195.8.99.11].53, fd 21, len 219;

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 19462

;; flags: qr rd; Ques: 1, Ans: 0, Auth: 5, Addit: 3

;; QUESTIONS:

;;      www.openbsd.org, type = A, class = IN



;; AUTHORITY RECORDS:

OPENBSD.org.    172800  IN      NS      ZEUS.THEOS.COM.

OPENBSD.org.    172800  IN      NS      CVS.OPENBSD.org.

OPENBSD.org.    172800  IN      NS      NS.SIGMASOFT.COM.



;; ADDITIONAL RECORDS:

ZEUS.THEOS.COM. 	172800  IN      A       199.185.137.1

CVS.OPENBSD.org.        172800  IN      A       199.185.137.3

NS.SIGMASOFT.COM.       172800  IN      A       209.249.129.35

'K.GTLD-SERVERS.NET'À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ À§ÀÓÁ¤º¸¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ·¹ÆÛ·±½Ì ÀÀ´äÀÌ µ¹¾Æ¿Ô´Ù.


resp: nlookup(www.openbsd.org) qtype=1

resp: found 'www.openbsd.org' as 'openbsd.org' (cname=0)

ij½¬¿¡¼­ 'www.openbsd.org.'¸¦ ã´Â °úÁ¤ Áß, 'openbsd.org.' ·¹º§ÀÇ À§ÀÓÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù.


resp: forw -> [199.185.137.3].53 ds=23 nsid=19467 id=28375 22ms

datagram from [199.185.137.3].53, fd 21, len 272;

'CVS.OPENBSD.ORG(199.185.137.3)'·Î ÁúÀǸ¦ Æ÷¿öµùÇÑ ÈÄ, ±â´ëÇÑ ÀÀ´ä(A)À» ¼ö½ÅÇÏ¿´´Ù. (µð¹ö±ë ·¹º§ 1¿¡¼­´Â À§ÀÓ Á¤º¸¸¸ÀÌ Ç¥½ÃµÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡, °á°úÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» º¸°íÀÚ ÇÒ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ´õ ³ôÀº µð¹ö±ë ·¹º§À» Àû¿ëÇÏ¿©¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù)


send_msg -> [210.105.79.6].3442 (UDP 21) id=28375

¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î °Ë»öµÈ °á°ú¸¦ Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®¿¡ ÀÀ´äÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, 28375 Äõ¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ã³¸®°¡ ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ¸¶¹«¸®µÇ¾ú´Ù.

DNS ¿À·ù ¼öÁ¤ µµ±¸

NSLOOKUP

³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ¿î¿µÇÏ°í °ü¸®Çϴµ¥ ÀÖ¾î ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¹ß°ßÇÏ°í ÇØ°áÇϱâ À§ÇØ ResolverÀÇ ÀÔÀåÀ¸·Î ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ½ÃÇèÇغ¼ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ±âº» ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â nslookupÀº dig¿Í ÇÔ²² °¡Àå ³Î¸® »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö ÁúÀÇ µµ±¸·Î½á, µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¸Þ´ÏÀúÀÇ ±âº» ¹«±âÁß ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù.


$ nslookup

Default Server:  ns.nobreak.com

Address:  210.105.79.2

> exit

nslookupÀº ½ÇÇàÈÄ ´ëÈ­Çü ÇÁ·ÒÇÁÆ® '>'¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇÏ°í '/etc/resolv.conf'¿¡ Á¤ÀÇµÈ Ã¹ ¹ø° ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ±âº» ÁúÀÇ ¼­¹ö·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. 'nslookup'Àº BIND¿Í ´Þ¸® ÇϳªÀÇ ¼­¹ö¸¸À» ÁúÀÇ¿¡ »ç¿ëÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ 'Default NS -> Timeout -> Error'¿Í °°ÀÌ µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù.

µµ¸ÞÀÎ ³×ÀÓ °Ë»ö

nslookupÀº ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÔ·ÂµÈ µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇØ A ·¹Äڵ带 °Ë»öÇÏ°í, IP ÁÖ¼Ò(in-addr.arpa)¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â PTR ·¹Äڵ带 °Ë»öÇÑ´Ù. 'set type=RR' ¸í·ÉÀ¸·Î A ·¹ÄÚµå ÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ ·¹ÄÚµå ¶ÇÇÑ °Ë»öÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, RR(Resource Record)¿¡´Â A,ANY,CNAME,HINFO,MX,NS,PTR,SOA,TXT µîÀÌ ¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌÁß ANY´Â °ü·ÃµÈ ·¹ÄÚµåµéÀ» ¸ðµÎ Ãâ·ÂÇ϶ó´Â ¾à¼Ó ±âÈ£ÀÌ´Ù.


> www.kr.freebsd.org.                 # IP °Ë»ö

Name:    www.kr.freebsd.org

Address:  150.183.110.39



> ftp.kr.freebsd.org.

Name:    www.kr.freebsd.org           # ftp´Â wwwÀÇ CNAME

Address:  150.183.110.39

Aliases:  ftp.kr.freebsd.org



> 150.183.110.39                      # µµ¸ÞÀÎ °Ë»ö

Name:    www.kr.freebsd.org

Address:  150.183.110.39



> set type=MX                         # MX ·¹ÄÚµå °Ë»ö

> kr.freebsd.org.

kr.freebsd.org  preference = 10, mail exchanger = mail.kr.freebsd.org



> set type=NS                         # NS ·¹ÄÚµå °Ë»ö

> kr.freebsd.org.                     # µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓ È®ÀÎ

kr.freebsd.org     nameserver = ns.kr.freebsd.org

kr.freebsd.org     nameserver = ns2.kr.freebsd.org

ns.kr.freebsd.org  internet address = 150.183.110.2

ns2.kr.freebsd.org internet address = 150.183.110.3



> 46.102.39.in-addr.arpa.             # Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓ È®ÀÎ

kr.freebsd.org     nameserver = ns.kr.freebsd.org

kr.freebsd.org     nameserver = ns2.kr.freebsd.org

ns.kr.freebsd.org  internet address = 150.183.110.2

ns2.kr.freebsd.org internet address = 150.183.110.3

±âº» Äõ¸® ¼­¹ö º¯°æ

nslookupÀº ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î recurse ¸ðµå·Î µ¿ÀÛÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ¶§·Ð ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ Authority¸¦ °®´Â ƯÁ¤ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡ Á÷Á¢ ÁúÀǸ¦ ÇÏ¿© Authoritative ÀÀ´ä(³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÇ Ä³½¬¿¡¼­°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ)À» È®ÀÎ ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. 'server', 'lserver' ¸í·ÉÀ¸·Î ±âº» ÁúÀÇ ¼­¹ö¸¦ º¯°æ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. µÎ ¸í·ÉÀº ÁÖ¾îÁø ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò(Äõ¸®°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ)¸¦ ãÀ» ¶§ »ç¿ëÇÒ ÁúÀÇ ¼­¹öÀÇ Â÷ÀÌÀε¥, 'server'´Â ÇöÀçÀÇ ±âº» ¼­¹ö¸¦ ÅëÇÏ°í, 'lserver'´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛ ±âº» ¼­¹ö(nslookup ±¸µ¿½Ã Ãʱ⠼³Á¤µÇ´Â)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÔÀÌ ´Ù¸£´Ù. 'lserver'¸í·ÉÀº Ÿ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö·Î ½ºÀ§Äª ÇÑ ÈÄ, ´Ù½Ã ´Ù¸¥ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö·Î ½ºÀ§ÄªÇÏ·Á Çϴµ¥, ÇöÀçÀÇ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æ ÇØ´ç ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ °Ë»öÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ ¶§ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½À» º¸ÀÚ.


$ nslookup

Default Server:  ns.nobreak.com

Address:  210.105.79.2

nslookup ±¸µ¿½ÃÀÇ ±âº» ¼­¹ö 'ns.nobreak.com'ÀÌ 'lserver' ¸í·É¿¡¼­ ÁÖ¾îÁø NSÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ã±âÀ§ÇÑ ÁúÀÇ ¼­¹ö°¡ µÈ´Ù.


> server ns.jp.freebsd.org.        # ±âº» ¼­¹ö º¯°æ

Default Server:  ns.jp.freebsd.org

Address:  199.100.7.25



> server ns.nobreak.com.

*** Can't find address for server ns.nobreak.com: Non-existent host/domain

ns.jp.freebsd.org¸¦ ÅëÇØ ns.nobreak.comÀ» ãÀ» ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. À̶§¿¡´Â 'lserver' ¸í·ÉÀ¸·Î ½Ã½ºÅÛ ±âº» ¼­¹ö¸¦ ÅëÇØ 'ns.nobreak.com'ÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ °Ë»öÇÑ´Ù.


> lserver ns.nobreak.com.

Default Server:  ns.nobreak.com

Address:  210.105.79.2

·çÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ÁúÀÇ ¼­¹ö·Î ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÒ ¶§´Â, °£´ÜÈ÷ 'root' ¸í·ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.


> root

Default Server:  a.root-servers.net

Address:  198.41.0.4

³×ÀÓ ¼­¹öó·³ ÁúÀÇÇϱâ

³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö´Â ResolverÀÇ ¿äûÀ» ó¸®Çϱâ À§ÇØ, ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º¸¦ °Ë»öÇϸç, ¿©·¯ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿Í Åë½ÅÀ» Çϴµ¥, nslookupÀ¸·Î µ¿ÀÏÇÑ °úÁ¤À» ¹â¾Æº¸µµ·Ï ÇÏÀÚ. ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ ÀÎÅͳݻ󿡼­ ¾î¶»°Ô µ¿ÀÛÇϸç, ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öµé °£¿¡´Â ¾î¶² »ç°ÇµéÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÏ°í, ¿©·¯ºÐÀ» À§ÇØ ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇÏ´ÂÁö, ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ ´À³¦À» ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.


[±×¸² 7] ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öó·³ ÁúÀÇÇϱâ


(1)

> set norecurse     # Iterative ¸ðµå·Î Àüȯ

> www.kr.freebsd.org.

Server:  ns.nobreak.com

Address:  210.105.79.2



Name:    www.kr.freebsd.org

Served by:

- H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET

          128.63.2.53

          ORG

- B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET

          128.9.0.107

          ORG

...

'ORG.'°¡ °ü¸®µÇ´Â ·çÆ® ¼­¹öµéÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀ» ·¹ÆÛ·±½Ì ÇØÁØ´Ù.


(2)

> server h.root-servers.net.

> www.kr.freebsd.org.

Server:  h.root-servers.net

Address:  128.63.2.53



Name:    www.kr.freebsd.org

Served by:

- WHO.CDROM.COM

          204.216.27.3

          FREEBSD.ORG

- NS1.CRL.COM

          165.113.1.36

          FREEBSD.ORG

- NS2.CRL.COM

          165.113.61.37

          FREEBSD.ORG



(3)

> server who.cdrom.com.

> www.kr.freebsd.org.

Server:  who.cdrom.com

Address:  204.216.27.3



Name:    www.kr.freebsd.org

Served by:

- ns.kr.freebsd.org

          150.183.110.2

          kr.freebsd.org

- ns2.kr.freebsd.org

          150.183.110.3

          kr.freebsd.org



(4)

> server ns.kr.freebsd.org.

> www.kr.freebsd.org.

Server:  ns.kr.freebsd.org

Address:  150.183.110.2



Name:    www.kr.freebsd.org

Address:  150.183.110.39

Zone Transfer

ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ Zone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¹»çº»À» ¾ò±âÀ§ÇØ, Primary·ÎºÎÅÍ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ ²ø¾î¿À´Â ÀÛ¾÷À» Zone Transfer¶ó ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ÀÛ¾÷Àº ÁÖ·Î Secondary NS Ãø¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö¸ç, ¶§¶§·Î ¾ó¸¶³ª ¸¹Àº ¼öÀÇ È£½ºÆ®°¡ µî·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖ´ÂÁö ȤÀº ZoneÀÇ ¹®¹ýÀû ¿À·ù¸¦ °Ë»çÇϱâ À§ÇØ °ü¸®ÀÚ°¡ ¼öµ¿À¸·Î Á¶ÀÛÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù. Zone Transfer´Â Authority¸¦ °®´Â ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡ Á÷Á¢ ÁúÀÇÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇϹǷÎ, nslookup »ó¿¡¼­ ÇØ´ç NS·Î ÁúÀÇ ¼­¹ö¸¦ º¯°æÇÑÈÄ, 'ls' ¸í·ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.


> server ns.kr.freebsd.org.

> ls -t A kr.freebsd.org      # A ·¹ÄÚµå Ãâ·Â

 kr.freebsd.org.                server = ns.kr.freebsd.org

 kr.freebsd.org.                server = ns2.kr.freebsd.org

 mail                           150.183.110.32

 mqueue                         150.183.110.33

 www                            150.183.110.39

 www2                           150.183.110.40



> ls -d kr.freebsd.org        # ¸ðµç ·¹ÄÚµå Ãâ·Â

 kr.freebsd.org.                SOA   ns.nobreak.com hostmaster.kr.freebsd.org.

                                (1999031501 21600 1800 1209600 86400)

 kr.freebsd.org.                NS    ns.nobreak.com

 kr.freebsd.org.                NS    ftp2.nobreak.com

 kr.freebsd.org.                MX    10   mail.kr.freebsd.org

 kr.freebsd.org.                MX    20   mqueue.kr.freebsd.org

 cvsup                          CNAME www.kr.freebsd.org

 mail                           A     150.183.110.32

 mqueue                         A     150.183.110.33

 ftp                            CNAME www.kr.freebsd.org

 ftp2                           CNAME www2.kr.freebsd.org

 ftp3                           CNAME ftp.free.nobreak.com

 www                            A     150.183.110.39

 www                            HINFO Pentium-200  FreeBSD 2.2.8

 www                            TXT  "Korea FreeBSD Users Group"

 www2                           A     150.183.110.40

 www2                           HINFO Pentium-133MHz  FreeBSD 2.2.8

 www2                           TXT  "Korea FreeBSD Users Group"



> ls -t MX kr.freebsd.org > MX-kr.freebsd.org   # ÆÄÀÏ·Î ÀúÀå

> view MX-kr.freebsd.org                        # ÆÄÀÏ ³»¿ë È®ÀÎ

BINDÀÇ °æ¿ì 'named-xfer'¶ó´Â ¿ÜºÎ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» »ç¿ëÇØ Zone Transfer¸¦ ¼öÇàÇÑ´Ù. ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÇ ÀÔÀå¿¡¼­ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ Secondary ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ìÀÇ Ã³¸®°úÁ¤À» »ìÆ캸ÀÚ.


secondary	kr.freebsd.org	210.105.79.2	sec-kr.freebsd.org

BIND´Â 'secondary' ¸í·ÉÀ» ¸¸³ª¸é ³»ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù.


loop(Interval == TTL) {

	named-xfer -z kr.freebsd.org -f /var/named/sec-kr.freebsd.org -s Current_Serial 210.105.79.2

	switch ( $? ) {      // 'named-xfer'´Â ȯ°æ º¯¼ö '$?'¿¡ °á°ú¸¦ º¹±ÍÇÔ

		case 0 : OK; // ½Ã¸®¾óÀÌ °°À½, Zone Transfer°¡ ÇÊ¿äÄ¡ ¾ÊÀ½

		case 1 : OK; // ½Ã¸®¾óÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇßÀ½, Zone Transfer°¡ ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ¼öÇàµÊ

		case 2 : ERROR; // ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ãÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ½

		                // ȤÀº ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ Authority¸¦ °®Áö ¾ÊÀ½

		case 3 : ERROR: // ½Ã¸®¾óÀÌ °¨¼ÒÇßÀ½, ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ¹é¾÷Ä«ÇÇ À¯Áö

	}

	primary  kr.freebsd.org  sec-kr.freebsd.org

}

º¸¾ÈÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯·Î Çã¶ôµÈ °÷(¿¹: Secondary NS's IP)¿¡¼­¸¸ Zone Transfer¸¦ Çã¿ëÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é, Primary NSÀÇ ºÎÆ®ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÁØ´Ù. (Zone Transfer¸¸À» Á¦ÇÑÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡, È£½ºÆ®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °³º° Äõ¸®´Â Çã¿ëµÈ´Ù)


xfrnets  210.105.79.3&255.255.255.255  210.105.80.128&255.255.255.128

ÀÌ°ÍÀº BIND-4ÀÇ ¼³Á¤¿¹Àε¥, IP 210.105.79.3°ú 210.105.80.129-254 ¿¡¼­¸¸ Zone Transfer¸¦ Çã¿ëÇ϶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. BIND-4¿¡¼­´Â °³º° IP¿Í ¼­ºê³ÝÀ¸·Î ³ª´©¾îÁø ºí·°¿¡ ´ëÇØ "IP&Mask"ÀÇ Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î ¸ñ·ÏÀ» ÀÛ¼ºÇϸç, Ŭ·¡½º Àüü¸¦ Çã¿ëÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÒ °æ¿ì¿£ '210.105.79.0'°ú °°ÀÌ ¸¶½ºÅ©¸¦ »ý·«ÇÏ¿©µµ µÈ´Ù.


options {

        allow-transfer { localnets; 210.105.79.3; };

};

BIND-8ÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡ ÇØ´ç ¼­¹ö°¡ ¼ÓÇÑ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿Í, 210.105.79.3¸¸À» Çã¿ëÇÑ ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù. localnets´Â ¿¹¾à¾îÀÌ¸ç ´Ù¸¥ ¿¹¾à¾î·Î´Â any, none, localhost °¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

ÃʱâÈ­ ÆÄÀÏ '.nslookuprc'

nslookupÀº ½ÇÇà½Ã '~/.nslookuprc' ÆÄÀÏÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇϸé, ³»¿ëÀ» ÀÐ¾î ¿É¼ÇÀ» Á¶Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. ¸Å¹ø ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¸é, º» ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÅëÇØ °£ÆíÈ­ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ú´Ù.


* .nslookuprc ÆÄÀÏ ¿¹

set type=NS

set nosearch

set debug

DIG

Dig(Domain Information Groper)ÀÇ »ç¿ë¹ýÀ» Á¶±Ý¸¸ ¤¾îº¸µµ·Ï ÇÏÀÚ. 'nslookup'°úÀÇ ±â´ÉÀû Â÷ÀÌ´Â Å©°Ô ¾øÁö¸¸, »ç¿ëÀÌ °£°áÇÏ°í, Ãâ·ÂÀÌ »ó¼¼ÇÏ¿©, Shell Scriptµî¿¡¼­ ÁÖ·Î »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½Àº ns.kornet.ne.krÀ» ÅëÇØ www.nobreak.comÀÇ A ·¹Äڵ带 °Ë»öÇÑ °á°úÀÌ´Ù.


$ dig [@³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö] µµ¸ÞÀÎ [Äõ¸®Å¸ÀÔ] [+Äõ¸®¿É¼Ç]

$ dig  @ns.kornet.ne.kr  www.nobreak.com  A

;; ANSWER SECTION:

www.nobreak.com.        16h12m36s IN CNAME  ns.nobreak.com.

ns.nobreak.com.         1d19h12m27s IN A  210.105.79.2

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:

nobreak.com.            22h17m35s IN NS  ns.nobreak.com.

nobreak.com.            22h17m35s IN NS  ftp2.nobreak.com.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:

ns.nobreak.com.         1d19h12m27s IN A  210.105.79.2

ftp2.nobreak.com.        1d1h46m58s IN A  210.105.79.3

DIG´Â Äõ¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °á°ú¸¦ ANSWER SECTION¿¡, ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ÀÎÁõÀ» °®´Â ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö Á¤º¸¸¦ AUTHORITY SECTION¿¡, ±×¸®°í, ±Û·ç·¹ÄÚµå µîÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì ±×¿¡´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ADDITIONAL SECTION¿¡ Ãâ·ÂÇÏ¿© ÁØ´Ù.

DNSWALK

Dnswalk´Â Perl·Î Á¦ÀÛµÈ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®·Î½á Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â È£½ºÆ®¸¦ °¡¸£Å°´Â MX, PTRÀÌ ¾ø´Â A, À߸øµÈ CNAME, À¯È¿ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº À̸§¹®ÀÚ, ´©¶ôµÈ Æ®·¹Àϸµ µµÆ®, ºÒÇʿ䳪 ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå, Lame Delegation µî Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽ºÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¿À·ù¸¦ ã¾ÆÁØ´Ù. ¹Ìó ¹ß°ßÄ¡ ¸øÇÑ ¹®Á¦Á¡À» Áø´ÜÇϴµ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. DnswalkÀÇ ÃֽŠ¹öÁ¯Àº ´ÙÀ½ ÁÖ¼Ò¿¡¼­ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.


$ dnswalk -raFl freebsd.org.

Checking freebsd.org.

Getting zone transfer of freebsd.org. from ns2.iafrica.com...done.

SOA=implode.root.com    contact=hostmaster.freebsd.org

FAIL: Cannot get SOA record for pt.freebsd.org from zeus.ci.ua.pt

(lame?): Connection refused

BAD: lv.freebsd.org NS ns.fasts.com: lame NS delegation

BAD: eu.freebsd.org NS server.zsb.th-darmstadt.de: unknown host

WARN: irc3.freebsd.org CNAME irc.nocturnal.net: CNAME (to nocturnal.net)

WARN: ns.th.freebsd.org A 203.154.230.20: no PTR record

WARN: irc2.freebsd.org CNAME va.i-Plus.net: unknown host

1 failures, 3 warnings, 1 errors.

Dnswalk´Â °Ë»ç¸¦ ¼öÇàÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» Zone Transfer ÇÑ ÈÄ ³»ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î Dig¿Í Resolver ·çƾÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. DelegationµÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» µû¶ó°¡¸ç °Ë»ç¸¦ ÇàÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ °Å´ë µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» °ü¸®ÇÑ´Ù¸é ÇѹøÂë »ç¿ëÇغ½Á÷ ÇÏ´Ù.

Miscellaneous

FQDN(Fully Qualified Domain Name)

FQDNÀº ¸íÈ®ÇÑ µµ¸ÞÀΠǥ±â¹ýÀ» ĪÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹·Î ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ¼³Ä¡ Áß µµ¸ÞÀθíÀ» ¿ä±¸Çϸé, 'YAHOO.COM.'À» ÀÔ·ÂÇÒÁö, 'WWW.YAHOO.COM.'À» ÀÔ·ÂÇÒÁö ¸ðÈ£ÇÏ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¸ðÈ£¼ºÀ» ÇÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ FQDNÀ̶õ ´Ü¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϸç, ÀÌ´Â Namespace °èÃþ»ó¿¡¼­ ÃÖÁ¾ È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â µµ¸ÞÀθíÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù.

www(È£½ºÆ®¸í), yahoo.com.(µµ¸ÞÀθí), www.yahoo.com.(FQDN)

¿øÄ¢ÀûÀ¸·Î µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ Ç¥±â´Â ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º»óÀÇ °æ·Î¸¦ ¸íÈ®È÷ Çϱâ À§ÇØ ³¡¿¡ µµÆ®('.' ·çÆ® µµ¸ÞÀÎ)¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÏÁö¸¸, º¸Åë µµÆ®¸¦ »ý·«ÇÏ°í »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

DNS¿Í BINDÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ

DNS´Â Domain Name SystemÀÇ ¾àÀڷνá, ºÐ»ê ³×ÀÌ¹Ö ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. Á¶±Ý ½±°Ô Ç®¾îº¸¸é, µµ¸ÞÀθíÀ» IP ÁÖ¼Ò·Î º¯È¯ÇØÁÖ´Â ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀÌ´Ù. Áï, ÀÎÅͳݿ¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ¼ö¸¹Àº ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö´Â °¢°¢ µµ¸ÞÀÎ °èÃþ»óÀÇ ÀϺκÐÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ°í, Á¤º¸¸¦ ¿ä±¸Çϴ Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ® Resolver´Â ±ÔÄ¢¿¡ µû¶ó ºÐ»êµÈ ÀÚ·áÁß ¿øÇÏ´Â Á¤º¸¸¦ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛ, ÀÌ °ÍÀ» DNS ¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù.

BIND´Â Berkeley Internet Name DomainÀÇ ¾àÀÚ·Î, DNS¸¦ ±¸ÇöÇÑ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾îÀÇ ÇϳªÀ̸鼭, '¿öÅ©¸Ç'À̶õ ´Ü¾îó·³ DNS¸¦ ±¸ÇöÇÑ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¸¦ ĪÇÏ´Â ´ë¸í»ç·Î ¾²À̱⵵ ÇÑ´Ù. BIND´Â °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç Ç÷§Æû¿¡ Æ÷ÆõǾú°í, °¡Àå ³Î¸® »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.

BIND-4(Traditional)¿Í BIND-8(Next Generation) °¡Áö

BIND´Â 1999³â 1¿ù ÇöÀç BIND-4¿Í BIND-8ÀÇ µÎ °¡Áö°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. 1998³â 5¿ù 11ÀÏ ÃÖÁ¾ ¹öÀü 4.9.7ÀÌ ¸±¸®ÁîµÇ¸ç ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ BIND-4 °¡Áö´Â ¸¶°¨µÇ¾ú°í, BIND-8 °¡Áö´Â ÇöÀç 8.2¸¦ ¸±¸®ÁîÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. BIND-8Àº RFC2136, RFC1996À» ¼ö·ÅÇÏ¿© ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁò°ú º¸¾ÈÀÌ Å©°Ô °³¼±µÇ¾î ¹ßÇ¥µÇ¾ú´Ù. Á¡ÁøÀûÀ¸·Î BIND-8·Î ¿Å°Ü°¥ Å×Áö¸¸, ÇöÀç ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¸Þ´ÏÀú¿Í OS º¥´õ°¡ ¿À·£±â°£ °ËÁõµÈ BIND-4¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, µÎ °¡Áö´Â ¾ÕÀ¸·Îµµ »ó´ç±â°£ °øÁ¸ÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óµÈ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÁÖ È帧Àº BIND-8·Î ³Ñ¾î°¡°í ÀÖ´Ù.

BIND-4¿Í BIND-8ÀÇ ¿ÜºÎÀûÀÎ Â÷ÀÌ´Â, ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀÇ º¯È­ÀÌ´Ù. BIND-4¿¡¼­´Â ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀÌ named.boot ÀÌ°í, BIND-8¿¡¼­´Â named.conf ÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ÀÛ¼º ¹æ¹ýµµ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ±âŸ Zone ÆÄÀÏ°ú ij½¬ ÆÄÀÏ µîÀº µ¿ÀÏÇϹǷÎ, BIND-4¿¡¼­ BIND-8·ÎÀÇ ¸¶À̱׷¹À̼ÇÀº ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ°í, ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÄÁ¹öÆÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î Á·ÇÏ´Ù.

Public Domain

º¸Åë µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ̶ó Çϸé ÆÛºí¸¯ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ¾îµð¿¡¼­³ª Á¢¼ÓÀÌ °¡´ÉÇϵµ·Ï ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º °¡Áö »ó¿¡ ³õ¿©ÀÖ´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. Áï, ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º»ó¿¡ ¸µÅ© µÇÁö ¾ÊÀº µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ±¸ÃàÇÏ¿©µµ ÇØ´ç ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ °ÅÃÄ Á÷Á¢ resolvingÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°ï ãÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Â Æó¼â µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ µÈ´Ù. »ç³»¿¡¼­ º¸¾ÈµîÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯·Î °£È¤ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.

CNAMEÀÇ »ç¿ë¿¡ °üÇØ

CNAMEÀÇ »ç¿ë ¿©ºÎ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸¹Àº DNS Àü¹®°¡µéÀº ´Ù¸¥ ÀÇ°ßÀ» º¸ÀδÙ. A ·¹Äڵ常À» »ç¿ëÇÏÀÚ´Â ÀÇ°ßµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ƯÈ÷, CNAMEÀÌ CNAMEÀ» Æ÷ÀÎÆÃÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â °ü·Ã ÀڷḶ´Ù 'µÈ´Ù/¾ÈµÈ´Ù' ½ÄÀÇ ÀúÀÚ ÀÇ°ßÀÌ µé¾î°¡ ÀÖ°í, Ãʱâ RFC¿¡¼­´Â À̸¦ ±ÝÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, BIND implementationÀº À̸¦ Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î º¸¾È È®´ëÇÏ°í Àִµ¥ À̴ Ÿ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ AliasingÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿©, CNAME ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ¸Å¿ì À¯¿ëÇÑ °ÍÀÌ »ç½ÇÀÌ°í ƯÁ¤ È£½ºÆ®ÀÇ IP°¡ º¯°æµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ °ü·ÃµÈ ·¹Äڵ带 ã¾Æ´Ù´Ï¸ç ¼öÁ¤À» Çϱ⠺¸´Ù´Â, CNAMEÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ÁÖ ·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ ¼öÁ¤ ³»¿ªÀ» Æı޽ÃÅ°´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿©·¯¸ð·Î Æí¸®ÇÏ°í È¿À²ÀûÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. CNAME ·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ ¿ë¹ý(MX, SOA, NSµîÀÇ ·¹ÄÚµå¿Í ¿¬°áÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â°Í)¸¸ ÁؼöÇÑ´Ù¸é CNAMEÀº ¸Å¿ì À¯¿ëÇÏ°Ô È°¿ë µÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸®¶ó »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù.

Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ÀÛ¼º¿¡ ´ëÇØ

ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ±ÔÄ¢À» ÁؼöÇØ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ ÀÛ¼ºÇÏ¸é ½Ç¼ö¸¦ ÁÙÀ̴µ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ´Ù.

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nms.nobreak.com.	IN	NS	ns.nms.nobreak.com.

ns.nms.nobreak.com.	IN	A	150.183.110.2       ; ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå

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nms.nobreak.com.	IN	NS	ns.kr.freebsd.org.  ; (O) ¹Ù¸¥ »ç¿ë

À̸¦ Áߺ¹µÈ ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå¶ó Çϸç, Áߺ¹µÈ ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ »õ·Î¿î IP ÁÖ¼Ò·Î ¿Å°Ü°¡°Å³ª ¾ø¾îÁö´Â °ÍÀ» ¾î·Æ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º»ó¿¡ À¯ÀÏÇÏ°Ô À¯ÁöµÇ´Â°ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù.

Lame Delegation

Lame delegationÀ̶õ Namespace »ó¿¡¼­ ±ú¾îÁø ¸µÅ©¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.


nms.nobreak.com		IN	NS	ns.nms.nobreak.com.

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'Authoritative answer'¿Í 'Non-authoritative answer'

Name Server´Â ÁúÀÇ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °á°ú¸¦ ij½¬¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÏ°í Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ °°Àº ÁúÀÇ°¡ ¿ä±¸µÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ Namespace¸¦ µÚÁöÁö ¾Ê°í ij½¬ÀÇ ÀÚ·á·Î ºü¸£°Ô ÀÀ´äÇÑ´Ù. ij½¬ÀÇ ÀÚ·á´Â Resolving½Ã ¾òÀº TTL(Time To Live) ½Ã°£ µ¿¾È¿¡¸¸ À¯È¿ÇÏ°í, TTL °æ°úÈÄ¿¡´Â ÆıâµÈ´Ù. Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®ÀÇ µµ¸ÞÀÎ Resolving ¿äû½Ã ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ ij½¬ÀÇ ÀÚ·á·Î ÀÀ´ä ÇÒ °æ¿ì´Â 'Non-authoritative answer'ÀÌ°í, ij½¬¿¡ ÀÚ·á°¡ ¾ø°Å³ª, ÀÚ·áÀÇ TTLÀÌ ¸¸±âµÇ¾î ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ Primary ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡¼­ Á÷Á¢ ÀڷḦ ¾ò¾î ´äº¯À» ÁÖ¾úÀ» °æ¿ì°¡ 'Authoritative answer'ÀÌ´Ù.

Positive & Negative Caching

½ÇÁ¦ »ýÈ°¿¡¼­ Resolving ¿äûÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸¹Àº ºÎºÐ Áߺ¹µÈ´Ù.


$ finger @kfug.kr.freebsd.org

$ talk nobreak@kfug.kr.freebsd.org

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Iterative(Nonrecursive) & Recursive ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö

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RTT(Round Trip Time)°ú Nameserver ¼±ÅÃ

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'www.ANYTHING.nobreak.com'ÀÇ µ¿ÀÛÀ» ±â´ëÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸, ÀÌ ±â¸·Èù ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î´Â ºÒÇàÈ÷µµ Á¦´ë·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.

Serial Number Á¶Á¤

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  1. Secondary¸¦ Á÷Á¢ °ü¸®ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¸ÕÀú Primary ZoneÀÇ SerialÀ» Á¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î Á¶Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. Secondary¿¡ ÀúÀåµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â Zone ÆÄÀÏ(Zone TransferµÈ)À» »èÁ¦ÇÑÈÄ BIND¸¦ Àç ±¸µ¿ÇÑ´Ù.
  2. Secondary°¡ Ÿ±â°ü¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °ü¸®µÇ¾î ¾ÕÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÒ °æ¿ì, ZoneÀÇ SerialÀ» '0'À¸·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. Secondary´Â '0'À» Serial·Î °®´Â Zone¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­, ¹«Á¶°ÇÀûÀÎ ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®¸¦ °­ÇàÇϹǷÎ, Refresh Áֱ⸸ŭ ±â´Ù¸° ÈÄ, ´Ù½Ã Á¤»óÀûÀÎ Serial·Î Á¶Á¤ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.


nslookup  -type=SOA  kr.freebsd.org  ftp2.nobreak.com

Secondry°¡ °®°í ÀÖ´Â ÇØ´ç ZoneÀÇ Serial ¹øÈ£´Â À§¿Í °°ÀÌ È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

IP º¯µ¿¿¡ µû¸¥ TTL Á¶Á¤

¼­ºñ½º µÇ°íÀÖ´Â ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡ Áß¿äÇÑ º¯°æÀÌ ¿¹»óµÈ´Ù¸é, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇØ´ç È£½ºÆ®ÀÇ TTLÀ» Àӽ÷Π10ºÐ(6000sec) Á¤µµ·Î ³·Ãß¾î µÎ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù.


www	6000	IN	A	210.105.79.6

Ÿ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ ¾Æ¿¹ ij½ÌÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï Çϱâ À§ÇØ TTLÀ» 0À¸·Î Á¶Á¤ÇÏ´Â °Íµµ ³ª»ÚÁø ¾ÊÀ¸³ª, Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®°¡ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¾ï¼¼½º ÇÒ ¶§¸¶´Ù ¹Ýº¹µÇ´Â ResolvingÀ» µ¿¹ÝÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. Maximum Propagation Delay Time(Á¶Á¤ÀüÀÇ TTL + Á¶Á¤Àü SOAÀÇ Refresh) ¸¸Å­ ±â´Ù¸° ÈÄ, ÀÛ¾÷(IP º¯°æ)ÇÏ¸é µÇ´Âµ¥, °æÇèÀûÀ¸·Î ³×Æ®¿öÅ© º¯°æÀÌ ½ÃÀÛµÇ¸é ¿¹»óÄ¡ ¸øÇÑ Ãß°¡ À̵¿ÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇϹǷÎ, ³×Æ®¿öÅ©°¡ ¾ÈÁ¤µÈ ÈĶóµµ, 1-2ÀÏ Á¤µµ µÚ¿¡ TTLÀ» ¿ø»ó º¹±ÍÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. ÇØ´ç Zone¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ ¸ðµç È£½ºÆ®°¡ ´ë»óÀÏ °æ¿ì¿£, SOA ·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ Minimum°ªÀ» Á¶Á¤ÇÏ¿© ÀÏ·üÀûÀ¸·Î Àû¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ú´Ù.

¹Ì·¯¸µ ¼­¹ö°£ÀÇ ºÎÇÏ °øÀ¯ (Load Sharing Between Mirrored Servers)

¼­¹ö°¡ È÷Æ®¼ö¸¦ °¨´çÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ °æ¿ì, ±× ÇØ°áÃ¥À¸·Î½á ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¹Ì·¯¸µ ¼­¹ö¸¦ ¿î¿µÇÏ¿©, ºÎÇϸ¦ ºÐ´ã½ÃÅ°´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» »ý°¢ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀº ¹Ì·¯¸µ ¼­¹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡°Ô È«º¸ÇÏ¿© ¼­¹öÀÇ ºÎÇÏ°¡ À̵¿Çϴµ¥ ½ÇÁúÀûÀ¸·Î ¸¹Àº ½Ã°£ÀÌ ¼Ò¿äµÇ°í, ÀûÀýÇÑ ºÎÇÏ ºÐ¹è¸¦ ±â´ëÇϱⰡ ÈûÀÌµç ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ÀüÈ­±¹ÀÇ ´ëÇ¥ ¹øÈ£ ¼­ºñ½º¿Í °°ÀÌ, »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ ¿äûÀ» °¢°¢ÀÇ ¹Ì·¯¸µ ¼­¹ö·Î ¿¬°áÇØÁÖ´Â ´ëÇ¥ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» »ý°¢ÇÒ ¼ö Àִµ¥, ¿©±â¿¡¼­ ±× ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¼Ò°³ÇÑ´Ù. Shuffle AddressesÀ̶ó ºÒ¸®´Â ÀÌ Æ¯º°ÇÑ ±â¹ýÀº BIND 4.9 ºÎÅÍ Áö¿øµÈ´Ù.


www		180	IN	A	210.105.79.101

		180	IN	A	210.105.79.102

		180	IN	A	210.105.79.103

ÇϳªÀÇ È£½ºÆ®¸í¿¡ ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ IPÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ÁÖ¾úÀ» °æ¿ì, ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö´Â ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇØ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¶ó¿îµå ·Îºó ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ÀÀ´ä ÇÑ´Ù.


$ nslookup www.nobreak.com

Name:    www.nobreak.com

Addresses:  210.105.79.101, 210.105.79.102, 210.105.79.103



$ nslookup www.nobreak.com

Name:    www.nobreak.com

Addresses:  210.105.79.102, 210.105.79.103, 210.105.79.101



$ nslookup www.nobreak.com

Name:    www.nobreak.com

Addresses:  210.105.79.103, 210.105.79.101, 210.105.79.102

ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ·Îµå ¹ß·£½Ì(Load Balancing)Àº ¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸, Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®´Â 3´ëÀÇ ¼­¹ö¿¡ ¾î´ÀÁ¤µµ °øÆòÇÏ°Ô Á¢¼ÓµÇ¹Ç·Î, ºÎÇϸ¦ °øÀ¯ÇÏ´Â È¿°ú¸¦ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ¶ÇÇÑ ¿ÜºÎ·Î´Â ´ëÇ¥ µµ¸ÞÀθ¸À» ¾Ë¸®¸é µÇ¹Ç·Î, ¼­¹öÀÇ È®Àå ¹× Ãà¼Ò¿¡ À¯¿¬ÇÏ´Ù. º» ±â¹ýÀ» Àû¿ëÇÒ ¶§¿¡´Â ¶ó¿îµå ·ÎºóÀÌ Áö¿øµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ °í·ÁÇÏ¿© TTLÀ» ³·°Ô Ã¥Á¤(TTLÀÌ ¸¸±âÇÏ¿© ´Ù½Ã ¿äûÀÌ µé¾î¿Àµµ·Ï)ÇÏ´Â °Íµµ ÁÁ´Ù.

¶ÇÇϳªÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î´Â ´Ù¼öÀÇ CNAMEÀ» ¿¬°áÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. ¿øÄ¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ´Ù¼öÀÇ CNAMEÀº °ÅºÎµÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ¹Ýµå½Ã ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ º°µµÀÇ ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.


options {

	multiple-cnames yes;

};

ÀÌ°ÍÀº BIND-8 ¿¡¼­¸¸ °¡´ÉÇϸç, ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀ¸·Î YAHOO(www.yahoo.com)°¡ ÀÌ·¸ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ¿î¿µµÈ´Ù.


www		180	IN	CNAME	www1.nobreak.com.

		180	IN	CNAME	www2.nobreak.com.

		180	IN	CNAME	www3.nobreak.com.

www1		180	IN	A	210.105.79.101

www2		180	IN	A	210.105.79.102

www3		180	IN	A	210.105.79.103

´Ù¼öÀÇ A ·¹ÄÚµå ¹æ½ÄÀº ResolverÀÇ ·ÎÄà NS°¡ Authority NS¿¡¼­ ´Ù¼öÀÇ IP(¶ó¿îµå ·ÎºóµÈ)¸¦ ³Ñ°Ü¹Þ¾Æ ij½¬¿¡ ÀúÀåÇØ µÐ ÈÄ ÀÚüÀûÀ¸·Îµµ ¶ó¿îµå ·Îºó󸮸¦ ÇØÁÖÁö¸¸, ´Ù¼öÀÇ CNAME ¹æ½ÄÀº ·ÎÄà NS°¡ ÇÑ °³ÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¸À» ³Ñ°Ü¹Þ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÀÚü ¶ó¿îµå ·ÎºóÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇϸç, TTLÀÌ ¸¸±âµÉ ¶§±îÁö ÇØ´ç ResolverµéÀº ÇϳªÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù.


* Authority NS¿¡ Á÷Á¢ ÁúÀÇÇÏ¿´À» °æ¿ì

$ nslookup  www.nobreak.com  ns.nobreak.com

Name:    www1.nobreak.com

Address:  210.105.79.101

Aliases:  www.nobreak.com



$ nslookup  www.nobreak.com  ns.nobreak.com

Name:    www2.nobreak.com

Address:  210.105.79.102

Aliases:  www.nobreak.com



$ nslookup  www.nobreak.com  ns.nobreak.com

Name:    www3.nobreak.com

Address:  210.105.79.103

Aliases:  www.nobreak.com


* NSÀÇ Ä³½¬¿¡¼­ ¹Þ¾Æ¿Ã °æ¿ì

$ nslookup  www.nobreak.com  ns.kornet.ne.kr

Name:    www2.nobreak.com

Address:  210.105.79.102

Aliases:  www.nobreak.com



$ nslookup  www.nobreak.com  ns.kornet.ne.kr

Non-authoritative answer:

Name:    www2.nobreak.com

Address:  210.105.79.102

Aliases:  www.nobreak.com

Âü°í·Î, ·Îµå ¹ß·£½ÌÀ» ±¸ÇöÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ºÎÇÏ¿¡ µû¶ó ¶ó¿ìÆÃÀ» Á¶Á¤ÇÏ´Â ±â°è°¡ º°µµ·Î ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.

Bibliography

  1. Paul Albitz & Cricket Liu, "DNS and BIND 3rd Edition", O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., ISBN 1-56592-512-2, Sep 1998
  2. Paul Albitz, Matt Larson & Cricket Liu, "DNS on Windows NT", O'Reilly & Associates, ISBN 1-56592-511-4, Oct 1998
  3. Bryan Costales & Eric Allman, "sendmail 2nd Edition", O'Reilly & Associates, ISBN 1-56592-222-0, Jan 1997
  4. Bryan Costales & Eric Allman, "sendmail Desktop Reference", O'Reilly & Associates, ISBN 1-56592-278-6, Mar 1997
  5. H. Eidnes, G. de Groot & P. Vixie, "Classless IN-ADDR.ARPA delegation", RFC2317, Mar 1998
  6. M. Andrews, "Negative Caching of DNS Queries (DNS NCACHE)", RFC2308, Mar 1998
  7. O. Vaughan, "A Legal Basis for Domain Name Allocation", RFC2240, Nov 1997
  8. M. Hamilton, "Use of DNS Aliases for Network Services", RFC2219, Oct 1997
  9. R. Elz, R. Bush & S. Bradner, "Selection and Operation of Secondary DNS Servers", RFC2182, Jul 1997
  10. S. Thomson, Y. Rekhter & J. Bound, "Dynamic Updates in the Domain Name System (DNS UPDATE)", RFC2136, Apr 1997
  11. P. Vixie, "A Mechanism for Prompt Notification of Zone Changes (DNS NOTIFY)", RFC1996, Aug 1996
  12. C. Everhart, L. Mamakos & R. Ullmann, "New DNS RR Definitions", RFC1183, Oct 1990
  13. P. Mockapetris, "Domain Names - Implementation and Specification", RFC1035, Nov 1987
  14. P. Mockapetris, "Domain Names - Concepts and Facilities", RFC1034, Nov 1987
  15. M. Lottor, "Domain Administrators Operations Guide", RFC1033, Nov 1987
  16. M. Stahl, "Domain Administrators Guide", RFC1032, Nov 1987