±è½Â¿µ <nobreak@nobreak.com> Àú.
3rd Edition, ÃÖÁ¾¼öÁ¤ÀÏ 1999³â 6¿ù 16ÀÏ, Revision 3.1.6
HTML(Divided), HTML(Combined), TXT
Domain Name SystemÀ̶õ À̸§°ú IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ¸ÅÇÎÇÏ¿©ÁÖ´Â °Å´ëÇÑ ºÐ»ê ³×ÀÌ¹Ö ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ´Ù. ÀÎÅͳݿ¡¼ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â IP(Internet Protocol), ±×¸®°í IPÀÇ »óÀ§¿¡¼ µ¿ÀÛÇÏ´Â ³Ý½ºÄÉÀÌÇÁ °°Àº ÀÀ¿ëµéÀº 210.105.79.103 °ú °°ÀÌ Ç¥ÇöµÇ´Â IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¸À» ÀνÄÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ IP ÁÖ¼Ò´Â ±â°èÀÔÀå¿¡¼± Çؼ®Çϱ⠼ö¿ùÇÏÁö¸¸ ±â¾ïÇϱⰡ ¾î·Æ°í, IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¸À¸·Î´Â ¼ºñ½º À¯ÇüÀ» ¿¹ÃøÇϱâ Èûµé´Ù´Â ´ÜÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÎÅͳÝÀÇ µµÀÔ ½ÃÀýÀÎ ARPANET ½ÃÀýºÎÅÍ IP Address¸¦ À̸§À¸·Î ¸í¸íÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ³ë·ÂÀÌ ½ÃµµµÇ¾ú°í, ¸¹Àº ½ÃÇàÂø¿À´Â Áö±ÝÀÇ DNS ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁòÀ¸·Î ¹ßÀüÇÏ¿´´Ù.
ARPANET ½ÃÀý¿¡´Â È£½ºÆ®ÀÇ ¼ö°¡ ¸¹Áö ¾Ê¾Ò±â¿¡ NIC(Network Information Center)À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÏÁ¤ Áֱ⸶´Ù È£½ºÆ® ¸í´Ü ÆÄÀÏ(HOSTS.TXT)À» ¹Þ¾Æ /etc/hosts¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Á¡Â÷ ÀÎÅͳÝÀÇ ±Ô¸ð¿Í È£½ºÆ® ¼ö°¡ Áõ°¡ÇÔ¿¡ µû¶ó »õ·Î¿î À̸§ ¸í¸í üÁ¦ÀÇ Çʿ伺ÀÌ ´ëµÎµÇ¾ú°í, 1983³â Paul Mockapetris°¡ RFC882, RFC883(ÇöÀç´Â RFC1034·Î ´ëüµÊ)¿¡ »õ·Î¿î ¸í¸í üÁ¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±¸ÇöÀ» °ø½Ä ¹ßÇ¥Çϸç, Å©°Ô ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽ºÀÇ °èÃþ ±¸Á¶, ºÐ»ê µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º, Email ¶ó¿ìÆà °³¼±À» ÁÖ¾ÈÁ¡À¸·Î DNS°¡ ź»ýÇÏ¿´´Ù.
ARPANETÀÇ Áß¾Ó °ü¸® üÁ¦¿¡¼´Â ÇϳªÀÇ ÆÄÀÏ·Î ¸ðµç È£½ºÆ®µéÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸, DNS¿¡¼´Â ÀÌ°ÍÀ» °¢ µµ¸ÞÀÎ º°·Î Æ®¸®È ÇÏ¿© [±×¸² 1]°ú °°Àº ÇüÅ·Π°ü¸®ÇÑ´Ù.
[±×¸² 1] Namespace ¿¹Á¦
µð·ºÅ丮 ±¸Á¶¿Í À¯»çÇÔÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö Àִµ¥, Root domain(µµÆ®·Î Ç¥½ÃµÇ´Â)Àº Top level µµ¸ÞÀο¡ °üÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦, Top level µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº ±× ÇÏÀ§ µµ¸ÞÀο¡ °üÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ À¯Áö/°ü¸®ÇÏ´Â ±¸Á¶¸¦ ÃëÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¤º¸ÀÇ °èÃþ±¸Á¶·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© Á¤º¸´Â °¢ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö(NS:Name Server)·Î ºÐ»ê, °ü¸®µÈ´Ù.
¿¹·Î YAHOO.COM µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº COM ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¿¡ µî·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖ°í, WWW.YAHOO.COMÀº YAHOO.COM ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¿¡ µî·Ï, °ü¸®µÈ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ AV.YAHOO.COMÀ» µî·ÏÇϱâ À§Çؼ´Â YAHOO.COM µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â ³×ÀÓ¼¹öÀÇ °ü·Ã ·¹Äڵ常À» ¼öÁ¤ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ À§ÀÓ±¸Á¶´Â Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â ÀÎÅÍ³Ý È£½ºÆ®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ü¸®¸¦ È¿À²ÀûÀ¸·Î °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇØÁØ´Ù.
[±×¸² 2] µµ¸ÞÀÎ 'WWW.YAHOO.COM'¿¡ ´ëÇÑ IP Resolving
Åë½ÅÀ» À§ÇÑ TCP/IP ÆÐŶ¿£ µµ¸ÞÀθíÀ» À§ÇÑ °ø°£ÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. µû¶ó¼ µµ¸ÞÀÎ¸í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ IP º¯È¯ÀÛ¾÷(Resolving)À» ¼±ÇàÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥, [±×¸² 2]´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Resolving °úÁ¤À» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.
'A-Z', 'a-z', '0-9', '-' °¡ »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. µµ¸ÞÀθíÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã ¼ýÀÚ³ª ¹®ÀÚ·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿©¾ß Çϸç, ÀüºÎ ¼ýÀÚ¿©¼´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù. (Ãʱâ [RFC1035]¿¡¼´Â µµ¸ÞÀθíÀÌ ¹Ýµå½Ã ¹®ÀÚ·Î ½ÃÀÛÇϵµ·Ï Á¦ÇÑÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸, [RFC1123 p12]¿¡¼ ¿ÏȵǾî 3com.com °°Àº µµ¸ÞÀÎ »ç¿ëÀÌ Çã¶ôµÇ¾ú´Ù.) ¶ÇÇÑ ÇÏÀÌÇÂÀÌ ¾Õ/µÚ¿¡ »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ¾ø°í, µµÆ®·Î ºÐ¸®µÇ´Â °¢ ¹®ÀÚ¿(Each segment)Àº ÃÖ°í 63 ´Ü¾î(octet)±îÁö »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ±¸ÇöµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç(NIC¿¡¼´Â 12´Ü¾î ÀÌÇÏ·Î »ç¿ëÇϱ⸦ ±ÇÀå), ´ë/¼Ò¹®ÀÚ´Â ±¸ºÐµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
µ¡ºÙ¿©, µµ¸ÞÀθíÀº µî·Ï±â°ü(KRNIC, INTERNIC µî)¿¡ µû¶ó, Á¶±Ý¾¿ »óÀÌÇÑ ±ÔÄ¢ÀÌ Àû¿ëµÊÀ» À¯ÀÇÇÏÀÚ. KRNICÀº ¼ýÀÚ·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â µµ¸ÞÀθíÀ» Çã¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¹Ý¸é ¼¼±×¸ÕÆ®¸¦ 63ÀÚ±îÁö Ç®¾îÁÖÁö¸¸, INTERNIC¿¡¼´Â ¼ýÀÚ·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ Çã¿ëµÇ°í, ¼¼±×¸ÕÆ®°¡ 22ÀÚ·Î Á¦ÇÑÇÑ´Ù.
Âü°í·Î µµ¸ÞÀθíÀº Åë»óÀûÀ¸·Î Email¿¡µµ »ç¿ëµÇ¹Ç·Î RFC822 ±ÔÄ¢µµ ÁؼöÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖÀ½À» ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÀÌ´Â ÃæºÐÈ÷ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿ö ¾ÕÀÇ ±ÔÄ¢À» Æ÷¿ëÇϹǷÎ, Å©°Ô ½Å°æ¾µ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø°Ú´Ù.
(Á¦À۵Ǵ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾îµéÀº Ç¥ÁØÀÇ ±Ô°Ýº¸´Ù È®ÀåµÇ°í À¯¿¬ÇÏ°Ô ±¸ÇöµÇ¾î ½ÇÁ¦ ¼ýÀڷθ¸ µÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎ(¿¹:411.com)µµ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ Ç¥ÁØ¿¡ À§¹èµÇ´Â °ÍÀº ¸ðµç ÀÀ¿ë¿¡¼ Åë¿ëµÇ¸®¶ó ±â´ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â ¸»À̱⵵ ÇÏ´Ù)
³×ÀÓ¼¹ö´Â Primary, Secondary, Cache only server·Î ±¸ºÐµÈ´Ù.
Primary server´Â ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â ÁÖ ³×ÀÓ¼¹öÀÌ°í, Secondary server´Â ƯÁ¤ µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ back-up copy¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â ¼¹öÀÌ´Ù. Secondary´Â Primary°¡ ºñÁ¤»ó ¿îÇàµÉ ¶§¿Í ºÎÇϸ¦ ºÐ»ê½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇØ ¿î¿ëÇϸç, ´Ù¼ö°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. º¸Åë µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» °ü¸®Çϱâ À§Çؼ´Â Primary, Secondary ¼¹ö°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸ç, Secondary´Â ¿øÄ¢ÀûÀ¸·Ð ¿ÜºÎ ³×Æ®¿÷¿¡ À§Ä¡½ÃÄÑ Á¤Àü µîÀÇ »çÅ·ΠPrimary°¡ ´Ù¿îµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§¸¦ ´ëºñÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼, µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¿î¿µÇϱâ À§Çؼ´Â ÃÖ¼Ò 2´ë(Primary * 1, Secondary * n) ÀÌ»óÀÇ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ ¿ä±¸µÈ´Ù.(±â¼úÀûÀ¸·Î´Â Primary ¸¸À¸·Îµµ ¿î¿µÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ°í, ResolverÀÇ ÀÔÀå¿¡¼´Â Primary¿Í Secondary°¡ ±¸ºÐµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.)
Cache only server´Â µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ °ü¸®ÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê°í, resolving¸¸À» ó¸®ÇØ ÁØ´Ù. ¸¸¾à, º»»ç¿Í Áö»ç°¡ ÀÖ°í ÀÌ È¸»çÀÇ Primary, Secondary Name server°¡ ¸ðµÎ º»»ç¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÒ ¶§, Áö»ç¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© À¯ÀúµéÀº Local DNS server°¡ ¾ø°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·² °æ¿ì µµ¸ÞÀÎ resolvingÀÌ ¿ä±¸µÉ ¶§¸¶´Ù ´Ù¸¥ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©(º»»ç)·Î Á¢¼ÓÀ» ½ÃµµÇÏ°Ô µÇ¹Ç·Î ¾à°£ÀÇ µô·¹ÀÌ°¡ »ý±â°Ô µÇ¸ç, º»»ç ³×Æ®¿öÅ©°¡ ´ÜÀý µÇ¾úÀ»½Ã Áö»çµµ ½ÇÁúÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÎÅÍ³Ý »ç¿ëÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ ´ÜÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·² ¶§ Áö»ç¿¡ Cache only server¸¦ ¿î¿ëÇϸé È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Name server¸¦ ¿î¿ëÇϱâ À§Çؼ´Â ¼¹öÃø µ¥¸ó ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥, ÀÌÁß BIND´Â db ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ±¸¼ºÀÌ ¼Õ½±°í Ç¥ÁØÀ» Ãæ½ÇÈ÷ µû¸¥ °ËÁõµÈ µµ±¸·Î¼ ÀÎÅͳݿ¡¼ °¡Àå ³Î¸® »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ Unix ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼´Â BIND°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. /usr/sbin µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ in.named ȤÀº named°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÔÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ°í, BIND°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¼³Ä¡µÈ BINDÀÇ ¹öÀüÀ» È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù. (BIND°¡ µ¿ÀÛÁßÀÌ¿©¾ß ÇÔ)
$ dig @ns.nobreak.com txt chaos version.bind. | grep VERSION VERSION.BIND. 0S CHAOS TXT "8.2"
'http://www.isc.org/bind.html'¿¡¼ BINDÀÇ ÃֽŹöÁ¯À» È®ÀÎÇÏ°í, ¹öÀüÂ÷ÀÌ°¡ ¸¹°Å³ª ÇöÀç ¹öÀü¿¡ ½É°¢ÇÑ ¹®Á¦°¡ º¸°íµÇ¾ú´Ù¸é, ¾÷±×·¹À̵带 °í·ÁÇÏ°í, BIND-4°¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù¸é, BIND-8·Î ¸¶À̱׷¹À̼ÇÇÏ¿© »õ·Î¿î È帧¿¡ Á¶ÀÎÇϴ°͵µ ³ª»ÚÁö ¾Ê°Ú´Ù.
BINDÀÇ ¼³Ä¡´Â ¸Å¿ì °£´ÜÇÏ´Ù. 'ftp://ftp.isc.org/isc/bind/src/'¿¡¼ ÃֽŠ¹öÀüÀÇ ¼Ò½º¸¦ ³»·Á¹Þ¾Æ, ¾ÐÃàÀ» ǬÈÄ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¸í·ÉÀ» ÀÔ·ÂÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¼³Ä¡¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÀüºÎÀÌ´Ù.
# make clean depend all install
±×¸®°í, ½Ã½ºÅÛ rc ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ÀûÀýÈ÷ ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ¿© ½Ã½ºÅÛ ºÎÆýà BIND°¡ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ±¸µ¿µÉ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. (FreeBSD: /etc/rc.conf, /etc/rc.network | Solaris: /etc/init.d/inetsvc | Linux /etc/rc.d/init.d/named)
Windows NT, OS/2, MacOS µî¿¡¼ BIND¸¦ ¿î¿ëÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ´ÙÀ½ ÆäÀÌÁö¸¦ Âü°íÇÏÀÚ.
Primary, Secondary ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ ÁغñµÇ¾ú°í, ½ÅûÇÒ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ °áÁ¤µÇ¾ú´Ù¸é, »óÀ§ µµ¸ÞÀÎ °ü¸® ±â°ü("YourDomain.COM"Àº Internic, YourDomain.CO.KRÀº Krnic)¿¡ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ½ÅûÇÏ¿© ¹ß±Þ(³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º»ó¿¡ ¸µÅ©) ¹Þ°Ô µÈ´Ù. µµ¸ÞÀÎ ½Åû¾ç½ÄÀº ±â°ü¸¶´Ù Á¶±Ý¾¿ »óÀÌÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ë±â°ü, Ã¥ÀÓÀÚ, °ü¸®ÀÚ, °áÁ¦ÀÚ , ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö Á¤º¸°¡ ¿ä±¸µÈ´Ù. ÀÌÁß ½Åû µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º¿¡ ¸µÅ©Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö Á¤º¸´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ´Ù.
2. Complete Domain Name.......: NOBREAK.COM 7a. Primary Server Hostname....: NS.NOBREAK.COM 7b. Primary Server Netaddress..: 210.105.79.2 8a. Secondary Server Hostname..: ftp2.nobreak.com 8b. Secondary Server Netaddress: 210.105.79.3
"NOBREAK.COM"ÀÌ µî·ÏµÇ¾ú´Ù´Â ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù¸é, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ µî·Ï ¿©ºÎ¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù.
$ nslookup -type=ns nobreak.com Server: ns.nobreak.com Address: 0.0.0.0 nobreak.com nameserver = ns.nobreak.com nobreak.com nameserver = ftp2.nobreak.com ns.nobreak.com internet address = 210.105.79.2 ftp2.nobreak.com internet address = 210.105.79.3
ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ ½ÅûÇÑ °Í°ú °°ÀÌ Ç¥½ÃµÈ´Ù¸é, µî·ÏÀÌ ¹Ù¸£°Ô ÁøÇàµÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¾ÆÁ÷ µî·ÏÀÌ ¾ÈµÇ¾ú´Ù¸é, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
*** local.name.server can't find nobreak.com.: Non-existent host/domain
"µµ¸ÞÀÎ NOBREAK.COMÀ» ½ÅûÇϴµ¥ ¾î¶»°Ô ±× ÇϺο¡ ÀÖ´Â NS.NOBREAK.COM, ftp2.nobreak.comÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï±î?" "NS.NOBREAK.COMÀº NOBREAK.COM µµ¸ÞÀÎ ½ÅûÀÌ ¿Ï·áµÈ ÈÄ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¿¡¼ ¼³Á¤ ÇØÁÖ¾î¾ß »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï±î?"¶ó´Â Àǹ®ÀÌ µé ¼ö Àִµ¥, ¾î¶² µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ÇÏÀ§ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ¸·Î À§ÀÓÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö Á¤º¸´Â »óÀ§ µµ¸ÞÀο¡¼ °ü¸®µÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. (Âü°í: "±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå")
Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº IP¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¿ªÀ¸·Î ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â ¼ºñ½ºÀÌ´Ù. º¸Åë ISP(Internet Service Provider)¿¡¼ IP¸¦ ÇÒ´ç¹ÞÀ» ¶§ °°ÀÌ ½ÅûÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ in-addr.arpa ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º¿¡ µî·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù.
$ nslookup -type=ns 79.105.210.in-addr.arpa (C Class 210.105.79.x¸¦ ÇÒ´ç ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» °æ¿ì) Server: ns.nobreak.com Address: 0.0.0.0 79.105.210.in-addr.arpa nameserver = ns.nobreak.com 79.105.210.in-addr.arpa nameserver = ftp2.nobreak.com ns.nobreak.com internet address = 210.105.79.2 ftp2.nobreak.com internet address = 210.105.79.3
¸¸¾à ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¸Þ½ÃÁö°¡ ³ª¿Â´Ù¸é, Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀÎ µî·ÏÀÌ ¾ÈµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ̹ǷÎ, ÇØ´ç ISP¿¡ ½ÅûÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
*** ns.nobreak.com can't find 79.105.210.in-addr.arpa.: Non-existent host/domain
[±×¸² 3]Àº 'NOBREAK.COM' µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ °¡»ó ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ±¸¼ºµµ ÀÌ´Ù.
[±×¸² 3] ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ±¸¼ºµµ
³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿£ ¼¹ö°¡ 3´ë ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. DNS¸¦ ±¸ÃàÇϱâ Àü¿¡, ±×¸²°ú °°ÀÌ ¹Ì¸® °¢ ¼¹ö¿¡ È£½ºÆ®¸í°ú IP¸¦ ºÎ¿©ÇÏÀÚ. º¸Åë ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö´Â ns(primary), ns2(secondary)¸¦ È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ°í, IP 1(ÇÒÇÁ·Î ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» °æ¿ì¿£ 129)À» ¶ó¿ìÅÍ È¤Àº ½ºÀ§Ä¡, 2¸¦ NS, 3À» NS2¿¡ ÇÒ´çÇÑ´Ù. µµ¸ÞÀÎ NOBREAK.COMÀº ¾Õ¼ Internic¿¡ ½ÅûÇÏ¿´À¸´Ï, NS.NOBREAK.COM, ftp2.nobreak.com¿¡ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö ¼³Á¤À» ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.
BIND-4 ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ named.boot´Â BIND ½Ãµ¿½Ã ÂüÁ¶µÇ¸ç, ³×ÀÓ µ¥¸óÀÌ ÇÊ¿ä·Î Çϴ ȯ°æÁ¤º¸¿Í ¿î¿µÇÒ µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ Primary/Secondary ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ±â¼úµÈ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ /etc/named.boot¿¡ À§Ä¡Çϸç, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ À¯´Ð½º ½ºÅ¸Æ®¾÷ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏ¸é ½Ãµ¿½Ã BIND¸¦ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ±¸µ¿ÇÑ´Ù. ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ»óÀÇ ¸ðµç ¿£Æ®¸®´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã 1¿ ¿¡¼ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿©¾ß Çϸç ';'Àº ÁÖ¼®À» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù.
directory /var/named
'directory' ¿£Æ®¸®´Â °ü·Ã ÆÄÀϵéÀÌ À§Ä¡ÇÑ °æ·Î¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. ÀÌ °æ·Î´Â ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ÆÄÀϵéÀÇ º£À̽º °æ·Î·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ÆÄÀϵéÀº º» °æ·Î¸¦ ±âÁØÀ¸·Î »ó´ë°æ·Î Ç¥±âÇØ¾ß ÇÏ¸ç ¿©±â¼´Â /var/named µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ º£À̽º µð·ºÅ丮·Î ÇÑ´Ù. (´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛ ±âº» º£À̽º °æ·Î´Â /var/named, /etc/named ȤÀº /etc/namedb ÀÌ´Ù.)
cache . named.root
cache ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ¸» ±×´ë·ÎÀÇ Ä³½¬°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ·çÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö Á¤º¸°¡ µé¾îÀÖ´Â µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ÆÄÀÏÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. BIND´Â Ÿ µµ¸ÞÀÎ Á¤º¸¸¦ ·çÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¿¡¼ºÎÅÍ ÃßÀûÇϴµ¥, ÀÌ ·çÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ º» ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ ÂüÁ¶ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. '/var/named/named.root'¿Í °°ÀÌ º£À̽º µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ À§Ä¡½ÃÅ°¸é µÈ´Ù.
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primary nobreak.com zone-nobreak.com
ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇØ Primary ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÔÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹´Â nobreak.com µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇØ º» ¼¹ö°¡ Primary À̸ç, µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ÆÄÀÏÀº /var/named/zone-nobreak.com ÀÓÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
secondary nobreak.com 210.105.79.2 sec-nobreak.com
µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇØ Secondary ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù. ¼¼ ¹ø° Çʵå´Â Primary ³×ÀÓ¼¹öÀÇ IP ÁÖ¼ÒÀÌ°í, ³× ¹ø° Çʵå´Â Primary¿¡¼ Àü¼Û ¹ÞÀº zone ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÀúÀåµÉ ÆÄÀϸíÀÌ´Ù. 210.105.79.2·ÎºÎÅÍ nobreak.com µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ Àü¼Û(Zone Transfer)¹Þ¾Æ /var/named/sec-nobreak.com·Î °ü¸®ÇÔÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù.
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¡Ø NS.NOBREAK.COM(Primary NS)ÀÇ /etc/named.boot ÆÄÀÏ directory /var/named cache . named.root primary 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa ; loopback primary 79.105.210.in-addr.arpa zone-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa ; Reverse ZONE primary nobreak.com zone-nobreak.com ; Forward ZONE
'0.0.127.in-addr.arpa'´Â loopback ÁÖ¼Ò 127.0.0.1¸¦ À§ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. loopback ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡, 'primary 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa ...'¿Í °°Àº ¶óÀÎÀº ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¶´Ù °®°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±× ´ÙÀ½ µÎ ¶óÀÎÀÌ ÇÒ´ç¹ÞÀº C Class IP ºí¶ô 210.105.79¿Í µµ¸ÞÀÎ 'nobreak.com'À» À§ÇÑ ¼³Á¤ÀÌ´Ù.
¡Ø ftp2.nobreak.com(Secondary NS)ÀÇ /etc/named.boot ÆÄÀÏ directory /var/named cache . named.root primary 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa secondary 79.105.210.in-addr.arpa 210.105.79.2 sec-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa secondary nobreak.com 210.105.79.2 sec-nobreak.com
Secondary ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö ¼³Á¤ÀÌ´Ù. loopbackÀº Primary·Î ³õ¾ÆµÐ´Ù. SecondaryÀÇ ¼³Á¤Àº ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ÀüºÎÀÌ´Ù. (/var/named/zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa´Â ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÔ)
Secondary´Â ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ Primary¿¡ Á¢¼ÓÇÏ¿© µ¥ÀÌÅÍ º£À̽º¸¦ Àü¼Û¹Þ¾Æ, sec-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa, sec-nobreak.comÀ¸·Î ÀúÀå, °ü¸®ÇÑ´Ù.
BIND-4¿Í BIND-8ÀÇ °ü·Ã ÆÄÀÏ ÀÛ¼º¹ýÁß À¯ÀÏÇÏ°Ô Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ³ª´Â ºÎºÐÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀÌ´Ù. BIND-8 ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ±¸¼ºÀº BIND-4¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÏÁö¸¸, ¸¹Àº ºÎºÐ Ãß°¡ È®ÀåµÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡, À̸¦ ¼ö¿ëÇÏ°í ¾ÕÀ¸·ÎÀÇ Ãß°¡»çÇ×À» ¼Õ½±°Ô Àû¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÆÄÀÏ Æ÷¸ËÀÌ º¯°æµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±¸¹öÁ¯ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ°úÀÇ È¥µ¿À» ¸·±âÀ§ÇØ named.conf·Î ¸®³×ÀÓ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¾î¶»°Ô º¸¸é C ¾ð¾îÀÇ ¹®¹ý°ú ¸Å¿ì Èí»çÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¼³Á¤À» Á»´õ ¼¼¹ÐÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÀÛ¼º¹ýÀÌ ¹Ù²î¾úÀ» »Ó, BIND-4ÀÇ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ°ú Å©°Ô ´Ù¸¦ °ÍÀº ¾ø´Ù. ´ÙÀ½Àº ¾Õ¼ ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ BIND-4 ±â¹Ý ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀ» BIND-8¿¡ ¸Â°Ô º¯È¯ÇÑ ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î BIND-8 ±â¹ÝÀÇ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀº ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ³ª¿µÈ ·¹ÄÚµåÁ¤µµ¸¸ÀÌ È°¿ëµÇÁö¸¸, Àç¹Ì³ ºÎºÐÀÌ ¸¹À¸¹Ç·Î Á»´õ ±í¼÷È÷ ¾Ë°í ½Í´Ù¸é 'http://www.isc.org/bind8/config.html'¸¦ Âü°íÇϱ⠹ٶõ´Ù.
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¡Ø NS.NOBREAK.COM(Primary NS)ÀÇ /etc/named.conf ÆÄÀÏ // ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÁÖ¼®ÀÌ´Ù. BIND-8¿¡¼ ';'Àº ÁÖ¼®ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¶óÀÎÀÇ ³¡À» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. options { directory "/var/named"; // Zone ÆÄÀÏÀÇ º£À̽º µð·ºÅ丮 dump-file "/var/tmp/named_dump.db"; // Dump ÆÄÀÏÀÌ »ý¼ºµÇ´Â °æ·Î statistics-file "/var/tmp/named.stats"; // Åë°è ÆÄÀÏÀÌ »ý¼ºµÇ´Â °æ·Î pid-file "/var/run/named.pid"; // ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º ID°¡ ´ã±ä ÆÄÀÏ »ý¼º °æ·Î }; logging { // ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ³²±âÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. category lame-servers { null; }; category cname { null; }; category response-checks { null; }; category notify { null; }; }; zone "." IN { // ij½¬ ÆÄÀÏ type hint; file "named.root"; }; zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN { // localhost¸¦ À§ÇÑ Primary µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¼³Á¤ type master; file "zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa"; }; zone "79.105.210.in-addr.arpa" IN { // ÇÒ´ç IP ºí¶ô¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Reverse Zone type master; file "zone-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa"; }; zone "nobreak.com" IN { // µµ¸ÞÀÎ 'NOBREAK.COM'¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Forward Zone type master; file "zone-nobreak.com"; };
Secondary ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ À§ÇÑ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÛ¼ºµÈ´Ù.
¡Ø ftp2.nobreak.com(Secondary NS)ÀÇ /etc/named.conf ÆÄÀÏ options { directory "/var/named"; }; logging { category lame-servers { null; }; category cname { null; }; }; zone "." IN { type hint; file "named.root"; }; zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN { // localhost¸¦ À§ÇÑ Primary µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¼³Á¤ type master; file "zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa"; }; zone "79.105.210.in-addr.arpa" IN { // Reverse Zone¿¡´ëÇÑ Secondary ¼³Á¤ type slave; file "sec-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa"; masters { 210.105.79.2; }; // Primary NSÀÇ IP ÁÖ¼Ò }; zone "nobreak.com" IN { // 'NOBREAK.COM'ÀÇ Secondary ¼³Á¤ type slave; file "sec-nobreak.com"; masters { 210.105.79.2; }; };
Zone ÆÄÀÏÀº Forward, Reverse µÎ °¡Áö·Î ±¸ºÐµÈ´Ù. Forward ZoneÀº µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ IP Á¤º¸¸¦ °®°í ÀÖ´Â µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽ºÀÌ°í, Reverse ZoneÀº IP¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µµ¸ÞÀÎÁ¤º¸¸¦ °®´Â µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽ºÀÌ´Ù. ¾Õ¼ named.boot ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ loopback, 79.105.210.in-addr.arpa, nobreak.com µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇØ Primary·Î µ¿ÀÛÇϵµ·Ï ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌÁß zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa¿Í zone-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa°¡ Reverse Zone ÆÄÀÏÀÌ°í, zone-nobreak.comÀÌ Forward Zone ÆÄÀÏÀÌ´Ù. Zone ÆÄÀÏÀº BIND-4¿Í BIND-8¿¡¼ ÀÛ¼º¹ýÀÌ µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´Ù.
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SOA ·¹ÄÚµå (Start Of Authority)
Zone ÆÄÀÏÀº Ç×»ó SOA ·¹ÄÚµå·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù. SOA ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎ, nobreak.com¿¡ ´ëÇØ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ ÀÎÁõ(authoritative)µÈ ÀڷḦ °®°í ÀÖÀ½À» ÀǹÌÇϸç, ÀÚ·á°¡ ÃÖÀûÀÇ »óÅ·ΠÀ¯Áö, °ü¸®µÉ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.
nobreak.com. IN SOA ns.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nobreak.com. ( 1998122800 ;Serial 21600 ;Refresh ( 6 hours) 1800 ;Retry (30 minutes) 1209600 ;Expire (14 days) 86400) ;Minimum ( 1 day)
1¿¿¡´Â ÇØ´ç Zone ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µµ¸ÞÀθíÀÌ µé¾î°£´Ù. µµ¸ÞÀÎ¸í ³¡ÀÇ µµÆ®¸¦ ÀØÁö ¸»ÀÚ. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ µµ¸ÞÀÎ¸í ´ë½Å '@' Ç¥½Ã¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©µµ µÈ´Ù.
@ IN SOA ns.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nobreak.com. (
IN(Internet)Àº Ŭ·¡½º¸íÀÌ´Ù. HS, HESIOD, CHAOS¿Í °°Àº Ŭ·¡½ºµµ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö¸¸, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¹Ç·Î Ç×»ó INÀÌ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏÀÚ.
SOA ´ÙÀ½¿£ Primary ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¿Í °ü¸®ÀÚ Email ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ µé¾î°£´Ù. 'hostmaster.nobreak.com.'ÀÌ Email ÁÖ¼ÒÀε¥, ÀϹÝÀû Email Ç¥±â¹ý¿¡¼ '@'¸¦ µµÆ®·Î ¹Ù²Ù¾î ¾²¸é µÈ´Ù. º» EmailÀº ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ÄÜÅà Æ÷ÀÎÆ®(Responsible Person)·Î¼ µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÒ °æ¿ì À̸¦ ¸®Æ÷ÆÃÇÏ´Â ¿ëµµ·Î »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. Namespace¸¦ ÂÑÀ¸¸ç µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¿À·ù¸¦ Á¡°ËÇÏ´Â 'lamers'¿Í °°Àº µµ±¸µéÀº ¹®Á¦°¡ °ËÃâµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ º» Email·Î ÅëÁöÇÏ¿© ÁØ´Ù.
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NS ·¹ÄÚµå·Î ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
nobreak.com. IN NS ns.nobreak.com. IN NS ftp2.nobreak.com.
¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ NSÀÇ È°¿ëÀ¸·Î´Â, °Å´ë µµ¸ÞÀο¡¼ ¼ºê µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ´Ù¸¥ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö·Î À§ÀÓÇÒ¶§ ÀÌ´Ù. Namespace»óÀÇ °¡Áö¿¬°áÀº ÀÌ NS ·¹ÄÚµå·Î ÀÌ·ç¾î Áö´Âµ¥, °Å´ë µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÏ °æ¿ì ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ºÎºÐÀ̹ǷÎ, ¿©±â¼´Â ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ À§ÀÓ Á¤º¸¸¸À» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù°í ¾Ë¾ÆµÎÀÚ. "µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓ"¿¡¼ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ´Ù·é´Ù.
A(Address) & CNAME(Canonical Name) ·¹ÄÚµå
A ·¹ÄÚµå´Â µµ¸ÞÀο¡ IP¸¦ ºÎ¿©ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ ¼³Á¤À» º¸ÀÚ. mail°ú power¿¡ A ·¹ÄÚµå·Î IP¸¦ ¸ÅÇÎ ÇÏ¿´´Ù. (mail°ú 'mail.nobreak.com.'Àº µ¿ÀÏÇÏ°Ô Çؼ®µÈ´Ù.)
; Host addresses mail.nobreak.com. IN A 210.105.79.2 power IN A 210.105.79.103 ; Aliases www IN CNAME power.nobreak.com. ftp IN CNAME www
CNAME ·¹ÄÚµå´Â µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ À̸§ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¿¡¼´Â power.nobreak.com, www.nobreak.com, ftp.nobreak.comÀº ¸ðµÎ °°Àº IP 210.105.79.103À» °®°Ô µÈ´Ù. ftp¿Í °°ÀÌ CNAMEÀÌ CNAMEÀ» Æ÷ÀÎÆà ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì´Â, ¿©·¯ DNS °ü·Ã ÀÚ·á¿¡¼ ´Ù¸£°Ô ¾ê±âµÇ°í ÀÖÁö¸¸, ÀÌ°ÍÀº °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. CNAMEÀº Æ÷ÀÎÆÃÇÏ´Â ¿À¸®Áö³Î µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ·¹Äڵ带 ¸ðµÎ »ó¼Ó¹Þ±â ¶§¹®¿¡, CNAMEÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº Ãß°¡ ·¹Äڵ带 °®À» ¼ö ¾øÀ½À» À¯ÀÇÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, MX, NS µîÀÇ ·¹Äڵ忡µµ CNAMEÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ³Ö¾î¼´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù. ¹Ýµå½Ã ÁÖÀÇÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. CNAMEÀÇ À߸øµÈ »ç¿ëÀº BIND ·Î±×¸¦ À¯½ÉÈ÷ °üÂûÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ã±â ¾î·Á¿ì¹Ç·Î, È®½ÇÈ÷ ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¸é CNAMEÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÈ ·¹Äڵ带 ¾Æ¿¹ ´Ù¸¥ ·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ ÀÎÀÚ·Î ³õÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. ¼÷·ÃµÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¸Þ´ÏÀú Áß¿¡¼µµ Æ®·¡ÇÈ°ú, ÆÛÆ÷¸Õ½º¶ó´Â Ãø¸é¿¡¼ CNAMEÀ» ÀüÇô »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ´Ù. (Âü°í: "CNAMEÀÇ »ç¿ë¿¡ °üÇØ")
ftp IN CNAME www ; (X) CNAME¿£ Ãß°¡·¹Äڵ带 °®À» ¼ö IN MX mail ; ¾ø´Ù. power IN MX 10 mail ; (X) MX¿¡ CNAMEÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÈ mail IN CNAME ns ; ·¹Äڵ尡 ¿Ã ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
MX ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ÇØ´ç È£½ºÆ®ÀÇ ¸ÞÀÏ ¸®¿ìÆà °æ·Î¸¦ Á¶Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì, account@nobreak.com À¸·Î º¸³»¾î Áö´Â ÆíÁö´Â ½ÇÁ¦ 'mail.nobreak.com.' À¸·Î Àü¼ÛµÈ´Ù. ¸¸¾à 'mail.nobreak.com.'¿¡ ¿¬°áÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¸é, ´ÙÀ½ ¿ì¼±¼øÀ§ÀÎ 'power.nobreak.com'À¸·Î ÆíÁö¸¦ ¹è¼ÛÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. MX Priority_Number ¿Í °°ÀÌ »ç¿ëÇϸç, Priority_NumberÀÇ ¼ýÀÚ´Â ÀûÀ»¼ö·Ï ¿ì¼±¼øÀ§°¡ ³ô´Ù. "MX(Mail eXchange) ¾Ë°í¸®Áò"¿¡¼ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ´Ù·é´Ù.
nobreak.com. IN MX 10 mail.nobreak.com. IN MX 20 power.nobreak.com. mail.nobreak.com. IN A 210.105.79.2 power.nobreak.com. IN A 210.105.79.103
´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ MX ·¹Äڵ忡 CNAMEÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ³ÖÀ¸¸é ¾ÈµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·² °æ¿ì ¸î¸î MTA(Mail Transfer Agent: sendmail)´Â ¸ÞÀÏ ¶ó¿ìÆà °æ·Î¸¦ ãÁö ¸øÇÏ¿©, ¸ÞÀÏÀ» ÁÖ°í¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ¼Û½ÅÀÎÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â MTAÀÇ Á¾·ù¿Í ¹öÀü¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÀûÀ̹ǷÎ, °æÇè ¸¹Àº µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¸Þ´ÏÀú°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¸é ¹®Á¦ÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀ» Áø´ÜÇϱ⵵ ¾î·Æ´Ù. ¹Ýµå½Ã ÁÖÀÇÇÏÀÚ.
nobreak.com. IN MX 10 mail.nobreak.com. ; (X) À߸øµÈ »ç¿ë mail.nobreak.com. IN CNAME power.nobreak.com. power.nobreak.com. IN A 210.105.79.103
PTR ·¹ÄÚµå´Â IP ÁÖ¼Ò¿¡ ´ëÇØ µµ¸ÞÀθíÀ» ¸ÅÇÎÇÏ¿© ÁÖ¸ç, Reverse Zone ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½Àº IP 210.105.79.2¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼³Á¤ ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù.
2.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR ns.nobreak.com.
Forward Zone¿¡¼´Â ´Ù¼öÀÇ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ A(ȤÀº CNAME) ·¹Äڵ带 ÅëÇØ °°Àº IP¸¦ °®À» ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, PTR ·¹ÄÚµå´Â Áߺ¹ÀÌ Çã¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ÇØ´ç IP¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ëÇ¥ µµ¸ÞÀθí Çϳª¸¸À» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ·¹ÄÚµåµéÀº À§¿¡ ³ª¿ÇÑ °Í¸¸À¸·Îµµ ÃæºÐÇÏÁö¸¸, ´õ ¸¹Àº ·¹ÄÚµåµéÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö´Â ¾ÊÀ¸³ª, Á¾Á¾ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ·¹Äڵ带 ¼Ò°³ÇÑ´Ù. ´õ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ Á¤º¸°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù¸é RFC1035, RFC1183, RFC2163À» Âü°íÇÏÀÚ.
power IN A 210.105.79.103 IN HINFO "Sun Sparc Ultra 5" "Solaris 2.6" IN TXT "Nobreak's Primary Server" IN TXT "WWW, FTP is now available" IN RP hostmaster.nobreak.com. hostinfo.nobreak.com. hostinfo IN TXT "Seung-young Kim, +82-42-864-4440/1"
HINFO(Host INFOrmation) ·¹ÄÚµå´Â µÎ °³ÀÇ ¹®ÀÚ¿(CPU Á¤º¸, OS Á¤º¸)À» °®À¸¸ç ½Ã½ºÅÛ Á¤º¸¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. ¹®ÀÚ¿¿¡ °ø¹éÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã Å«µû¿ÈÇ¥¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
TXT(TeXT) ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ÅؽºÆ® Á¤º¸¸¦ °®À¸¸ç ÁßøµÇ¾î »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. RP(Responsible Person)´Â ´ã´çÀÚÀÇ Á¤º¸¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇϴµ¥, Email ÁÖ¼Ò(@¸¦ µµÆ®·Î ġȯÇÑ)¿Í, ´ã´çÀÚ Á¤º¸(TXT ·¹Äڵ带 °®´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» Æ÷ÀÎÆÃÇÔ)¸¦ °®´Â´Ù. HINFO¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¸î¸î ·¹ÄÚµå´Â º¸¾ÈÀ» ÀÌÀ¯·Î »ç¿ëÄ¡ ¸»¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ÀÇ°ßµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
[±×¸² 3]ÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ±¸¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Forward Zone ÆÄÀÏ zone-nobreak.comÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÛ¼ºµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¡Ø 'NOBREAK.COM' µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ Forward Zone ÆÄÀÏ /var/named/zone-nobreak.com @ IN SOA ns.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nobreak.com. ( 1998122801 ;Serial 21600 ;Refresh ( 6 hours) 1800 ;Retry (30 minutes) 1209600 ;Expire (14 days) 86400) ;Minimum ( 1 day) IN NS ns.nobreak.com. IN NS ftp2.nobreak.com. IN MX 10 mail ; ¸ÞÀÏ ¶ó¿ìÆà ȣ½ºÆ® mail IN A 210.105.79.2 ; Hosts Here - This is comments router IN A 210.105.79.1 ns IN A 210.105.79.2 ns2 IN A 210.105.79.3 power IN A 210.105.79.103 IN HINFO "Sun Sparc Ultra 5" "Solaris 2.6" IN TXT "Nobreak Technologies, Inc." www IN CNAME power
Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» À§ÇÑ Reverse Zone ÆÄÀÏ zone-79.105.210.in-addr.arpaÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÛ¼ºµÈ´Ù.
¡Ø Reverse Zone ÆÄÀÏ /var/named/zone-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa @ IN SOA ns.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nobreak.com. ( 1998122801 ;Serial 21600 ;Refresh ( 6 hours) 1800 ;Retry (30 minutes) 1209600 ;Expire (14 days) 86400) ;Minimum ( 1 day) IN NS ns.nobreak.com. IN NS ftp2.nobreak.com. ; IP-Domain mapping here 1 IN PTR router.nobreak.com. 2 IN PTR ns.nobreak.com. 3 IN PTR ftp2.nobreak.com. 103 IN PTR power.nobreak.com.
loopback ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ À§ÇÑ Reverse Zone ÆÄÀÏ ¶ÇÇÑ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÛ¼ºµÈ´Ù. IP 127.0.0.1À» 'localhost.'·Î ¸ÅÇÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀüºÎÀ̹ǷÎ, º» ÆÄÀÏÀº ¾î´À ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡¼³ª ºñ½ÁÇÏ°Ô ÀÛ¼ºµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¡Ø loopbackÀ» À§ÇÑ Reverse Zone ÆÄÀÏ /var/named/zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa @ IN SOA ns.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nobreak.com. ( 1998122801 ;Serial 21600 ;Refresh ( 6 hours) 1800 ;Retry (30 minutes) 1209600 ;Expire (14 days) 86400) ;Minimum ( 1 day) IN NS ns.nobreak.com. IN NS ftp2.nobreak.com. ; IP-Domain mapping here 1 IN PTR localhost.
Zone ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ÀÇ µµ¸ÞÀΠǥ±â´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã FQDN Ç¥±â¹ýÀ» µû¶ó¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. BIND´Â µµÆ®·Î ³¡³ªÁö ¾Ê´Â ¹®ÀÚ¿Àº È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ¸·Î ó¸®ÇϹǷÎ, 'ns.nobreak.com'À» 'ns.nobreak.com.nobreak.com.'À¸·Î Çؼ®ÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ 'ns.nobreak.com.'°ú °°ÀÌ µµÆ®¸¦ ºÙÀÎ FQDNÀ¸·Î Ç¥±âÇϰųª, 'ns'¿Í °°ÀÌ È£½ºÆ®¸í¸¸ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. µµÆ®¸¦ »©¸Ô´Â ½Ç¼ö´Â ¸Å¿ì ºó¹øÈ÷ ¹ß»ýÇϹǷÎ, ÁÖÀÇÇÏÀÚ.
È£½ºÆþ÷üÀÇ °æ¿ì ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ´Ù¼öÀÇ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ÇϳªÀÇ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º·Î °ü¸®ÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸¾à, È£½ºÆà µµ¸ÞÀκ°·Î º°µµÀÇ ZoneÀ» À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù¸é, È£½ºÆà ¼¹öÀÇ IP º¯È¿Í °°ÀÌ °ü·ÃµÈ ¸ðµç ZoneÀÌ ¼öÁ¤µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏ´Â »óȲÀÌ ¿ÀÁö ¾Ê±â¸¦ ±âµµÇϰųª, ¹Ý³ªÀýÀ» ÆíÁý±â¿Í ¾¾¸§ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ²ö±â¸¦ ¹è¿ö¾ßÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿©±â¼ ¼Ò°³ÇÏ´Â ÆÁÀº »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ¸¹Àº È£½ºÆà ¾÷üÀϼö·Ï À¯¿ëÇÏ°Ô È°¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, µµ¸ÞÀÎ Ãß°¡/¼öÁ¤/»èÁ¦¿¡ µå´Â ½Ã°£°ú ³ë·ÂÀ» Àý¾àÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
* named.boot (BIND-4) primary netbsd.org zone-default primary openbsd.org zone-default ... primary freebsd.org zone-freebsd.org ; º°µµÀÇ Ãß°¡ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °æ¿ì ...
* named.conf (BIND-8) zone "netbsd.org" IN { type master; file "zone-default"; }; zone "openbsd.org" IN { type master; file "zone-default"; }; ... zone "freebsd.org" IN { type master; file "zone-freebsd.org"; }; ...
* zone-default @ IN SOA ns.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nobreak.com. ( 1999030601 ;serial 21600 ;Refresh ( 6 hours) 1800 ;Retry (30 minutes) 1209600 ;Expire (14 days) 86400) ;Minimum ( 1 day) IN NS ns.nobreak.com. IN NS ftp2.nobreak.com. IN A 210.105.79.39 IN MX 10 @ IN MX 20 mqueue.nobreak.com. www IN CNAME @ telnet IN CNAME @ ftp IN CNAME @ mail IN CNAME @ pop IN CNAME @ news IN CNAME news.nobreak.com.
* zone-freebsd.org $INCLUDE zone-default ftp.kr IN A 147.46.102.39 www.kr IN CNAME @
³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ ±¸µ¿Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ¸¶¹«¸®µÇ¾ú´Ù. °ü·Ã ÆÄÀϵéÀÌ ÁغñµÇ¾úÀ½À» È®ÀÎÇÑ ÈÄ, ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ ±¸µ¿ÇÏÀÚ. ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ °úÁ¤Àº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
¡Ø NS.NOBREAK.COM (BIND-8) # ls /etc/named.conf # BIND-8 ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ /etc/named.conf # ls /var/named/ # Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ÆÄÀÏ È®ÀÎ named.root zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa zone-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa zone-nobreak.com # /usr/sbin/named # ³×ÀÓ µ¥¸ó ±¸µ¿ (Solaris: /usr/sbin/in.named) # ps ax | grep named # ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º µ¿ÀÛ È®ÀÎ (Solaris: ps -e | grep in.named) 254 ? S 0:00 named ¡Ø ftp2.nobreak.com (BIND-4) # ls /etc/named.boot # BIND-4 ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ /etc/named.boot # ls /var/named/ # Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ÆÄÀÏ È®ÀÎ named.root zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa # ndc start # ndc(Name Daemon Control)°¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì Name Server Started # ndc status 254 ? S 0:00 named # ls /var/named/ # PrimaryÀÇ Zone Àü¼Û¿©ºÎ È®ÀÎ named.root sec-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa sec-nobreak.com zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa
¿©±â¿¡¼± [±×¸² 3]ÀÇ °¡»ó ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ±¸¼ºµµ¿¡ µû¸¥ ¼³Á¤À» ´Ù·ç¾úÁö¸¸, ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ºÎºÐÀº ¸ðµÎ Àû¿ëµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ½ÇÁ¦ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡ Àû¿ëÇÒ ¶§¿¡µµ °°Àº ´À³¦À¸·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Å¸ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ ÅëÇØ ÁúÀǸ¦ ´øÁ®º½À¸·Î½á, Namespace °¡Áö»ó¿¡ Àß ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ½À» È®ÀÎÇÏÀÚ.
$ nslookup power.nobreak.com ns.nobreak.com # Primary µ¿ÀÛ È®ÀÎ Server: ns.nobreak.com Address: 0.0.0.0 Name: power.nobreak.com Address: 210.105.79.103 $ nslookup power.nobreak.com ftp2.nobreak.com # Secondary µ¿ÀÛ È®ÀÎ Server: ftp2.nobreak.com Address: 210.105.79.3 Name: power.nobreak.com Address: 210.105.79.103 $ nslookup power.nobreak.com ns.kornet.ne.kr # Namespace ¸µÅ© È®ÀÎ Server: ns.kornet.nm.kr Address: 168.126.63.1 Name: power.nobreak.com Address: 210.105.79.103
À§ÀÇ 3°¡Áö ÁúÀÇ°¡ ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ¼öÇàµÇ¾ú´Ù¸é, ÀÏ´Ü ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ Á¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î ¿î¿ëµÈ´Ù°í »ý°¢Çصµ ÁÁ´Ù. È®½ÇÈ÷ Çϱâ À§Çؼ±, ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏ ºÐ¼®À» ÅëÇØ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ±¸¼º»óÀÇ ¿À·ù¿Í BINDÀÇ µ¿ÀÛ »óŸ¦ »ìÆ캸¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
Unix ½Ã½ºÅÛ»ó¿¡¼ DNS¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§Çؼ´Â /etc/resolv.conf ÆÄÀÏ°ú, /etc/nsswitch.conf ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¼Õº¸¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. /etc/resolv.conf¿¡´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎ Resolving½Ã Äõ¸®¸¦ ´øÁú ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ 3°³±îÁö ³ª¿ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ·ÎÄà Primary, Secondary, ISP ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö 3°³¸¦ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸í½ÃÇÑ´Ù.
search nobreak.com # µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¼ÇȽº(Suffix) nameserver 210.105.79.2 # ns.nobreak.com nameserver 210.105.79.3 # ftp2.nobreak.com nameserver 168.126.63.1 # ns.kornet.ne.kr (»ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ISPÀÇ NS)
'search nobreak.com'Àº È£½ºÆ®¸í¸¸ ÁÖ¾úÀ» °æ¿ì ¼ÇȽº·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ È£½ºÆ®¿¡ ÀÚÁÖ Á¢¼ÓÇϰųª, ¿©·¯ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» °ü¸®ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¿©·µ ³õÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
search nobreak.com kr.freebsd.org
ÀÌ·± °æ¿ì¿£ È£½ºÆ®¸í www´Â ¸ÕÀú www.nobreak.comÀ¸·Î È®ÀåµÇ¾î °Ë»öµÇ°í, °Ë»öµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» °æ¿ì www.kr.freebsd.org·Î È®ÀåµÇ¾î ´Ù½Ã °Ë»öµÈ´Ù. À߸øµÈ È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ» ÁÖ¾úÀ»¶§µµ, °¡´ÉÇÑ Á¶ÇÕÀ» ¸ðµÎ °Ë»öÇϹǷÎ, ¸¹Àº µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» search ¸®½ºÆ®¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù.
ÀÚÁÖ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö´Â ¾ÊÁö¸¸ µµ¸ÞÀÎ º°·Î ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ ´Ù¸£°Ô ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ÁÖ·Î ³×ÀÓ¼¹öÀÇ Ä³½¬ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê°í, ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ¼öÁ¤»çÇ×À» Áï°¢ Àû¿ëÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¾²ÀδÙ.
search nobreak.com domain nobreak.com nameserver 210.105.79.2 ... domain kornet.ne.kr nameserver 168.126.63.1 ...
È£½ºÆ® ³×ÀÓÀ» DNS·Î È®ÀåÇÏ¿© °Ë»öÇϱâ À§Çؼ´Â /etc/nsswitch.conf ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ¶óÀÎ 'hosts:'¿¡ 'dns'°¡ Ãß°¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±Ù·¡ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ OS´Â ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ¹èÆ÷µÇÁö¸¸, È®½ÇÈ÷ Çϱâ À§ÇØ È®ÀÎÇÏÀÚ.
hosts: files dns
'files'´Â È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ» /etc/hosts ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ °Ë»öÇÔÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ÁÖ¾îÁø ¼ø¼(files, dns)·Î °Ë»öÀ» ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù.
Windows¿¡¼ Unix ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ /etc/resolv.conf ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ¼³Á¤Àº '³×Æ®¿öÅ©'¿¡¼ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. 'Á¦¾îÆÇ'ÀÇ '³×Æ®¿öÅ©' ¸Þ´ºÁß TCP/IP ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀÇ µî·ÏÁ¤º¸¸¦ ¿¸é, [±×¸² 4]¿Í °°Àº DNS ¼³Á¤ÅÇÀ» º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
[±×¸² 4] Windows NT¿¡¼ÀÇ Resolver ¼³Á¤¿¹
DNS¿¡ µî·ÏµÈ PCÀÇ È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ» 'È£½ºÆ® À̸§'¿¡ ³Ö´Â´Ù. Unix ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ resolv.conf ÆÄÀÏ°ú ºñ±³ÇÏ¿©, 'µµ¸ÞÀÎ'Àº 'domain'¿¡, 'DNS ¼ºñ½º ã±â ¼ø¼'´Â 'nameserver'¿¡, 'µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¼ÇȽº ã±â ¼ø¼'´Â 'search' ¸®½ºÆ®¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÑ´Ù.
¿©·¯ °è¿»ç¸¦ °®´Â ´ë±â¾÷ÀÇ °æ¿ì, °è¿»ç¸¦ 'www.core.nobreak.com'°ú °°ÀÌ ¼ºê µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ¸·Î ºÐ·ùÇÏ¿© ¿î¿µÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ÇØ´ç °è¿»çÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©°¡ ¹æ´ëÇÒ °æ¿ì, È¿À²ÀûÀÎ °ü¸®¸¦ À§ÇØ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ÇØ´ç °è¿»ç·Î À§ÀÓÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
[±×¸² 5] Domain Delegation¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Namespace °èÃþµµ
[±×¸² 5]¸¦ º¸ÀÚ.'FreeBSD.ORG' µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº °¢ ±¹°¡º°·Î ¼ºê µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» À§ÀÓÇÏ¿© ¿î¿µÇÏ°í ÀÖ°í, 'KR.FreeBSD.ORG' µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº °¢ ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ® ÆÀÀ» CORE µµ¸ÞÀξƷ¡ À§Ä¡½ÃÅ´À¸·Î ½á, 'doc-kr.core.kr.FreeBSD.org'¿Í °°Àº °èÃþ±¸Á¶¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ¸ðµç °¡Áö¸¦ ÇϳªÀÇ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¿¡¼ °ü¸® ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖÁö¸¸ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÀÇ ±Ô¸ð°¡ ºÒ¾î³²¿¡ µû¶ó ÇàÇØÁö´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓ °ü¸®´Â Àüü ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ ºÎµå·´°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.
¼ºê µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ ¹Ýµå½Ã À§ÀӵǾî¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ºÎ¸ð Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¿¡ ÇÔ²² Á¤ÀÇµÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©±â¼´Â ȸ»ç³» ¸Á°ü¸® ±×·ìÀ» 'NMS.NOBREAK.COM'À¸·Î ºÐ·ùÇÏ°í, ±× ¾Æ·¡ DNS µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» »ý¼ºÇÑ °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù.
* zone-nobreak.com (NS.NOBREAK.COM) nms IN MX 10 mail.nms IN MX 20 mail2.nms dns.nms IN A 150.183.110.53 IN MX 10 mail.nms IN MX 20 mail2.nms mail.nms IN A 150.183.110.10 mail2.nms IN A 150.183.110.11
'NOBREAK.COM'ÀÇ SOA ·¹Äڵ尡 ±×´ë·Î Àû¿ëµÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡, »ý¼ºµÈ ¼ºê µµ¸ÞÀÎ 'nms.nobreak.com'¿¡ ´ëÇÑ SOA ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù.
'NMS.NOBREAK.COM'ÀÇ ±Ô¸ð°¡ Ä¿Á® °ü¸®¸¦ ºÐ»ê½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇØ Å¸ ³×ÀÓ ¼¹ö·Î ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» À§ÀÓÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÒ ¶§¿¡´Â NS ·¹Äڵ带 »ç¿ëÇØ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ·¹ÆÛ·±½Ì ÇØÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½Àº 'NOBREAK.COM' µµ¸ÞÀο¡¼ 'NMS'¸¦ 'ns.nms.nobreak.com'À¸·Î À§ÀÓÇÑ ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù.
* zone-nobreak.com (NS.NOBREAK.COM) nms IN NS ns.nms ; Delegation IN NS ns2.nms ns.nms IN A 150.183.110.2 ; Glue Record ns2.nms IN A 150.183.110.3
IP ÁÖ¼Ò´Â A ·¹Äڵ忡¼¸¸ ¼³Á¤ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¹Ýµå½Ã ±Û·ç ·¹Äڵ带 »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© NS¿¡ ¿¬°áÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (Âü°í: "±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå")
³×ÀÓ¼¹ö ns.nms.nobreak.com Àº ºÎÆ®ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ À§ÀÓ¹ÞÀº µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ primary ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.
* named.boot (NS.NMS.NOBREAK.COM) primary nms.nobreak.com zone-nms.nobreak.com
±×¸®°í, Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º 'zone-nms.nobreak.com'À» ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ´Ù.
* zone-nms.nobreak.com (NS.NMS.NOBREAK.COM) @ IN SOA ns.nms.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nms.nobreak.com. ( 1999012901 ;Serial 21600 ;Refresh ( 6 hours) 1800 ;Retry (30 minutes) 1209600 ;Expire (14 days) 86400) ;Minimum ( 1 day) IN NS ns.nms.nobreak.com. IN NS ns2.nms.nobreak.com. IN MX 10 mail IN MX 20 mail2 ns IN A 150.183.110.2 ns2 IN A 150.183.110.3 mail IN A 150.183.110.10 mail2 IN A 150.183.110.11 dns IN A 150.183.110.53 IN MX 10 mail IN MX 20 mail2
³×ÀÓ¼¹ö 'ns2.nms.nobreak.com'¸¦ Secondary·Î ¼³Á¤Çϱâ À§ÇØ ºÎÆ®ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ´ÙÀ½À» Ãß°¡ÇÑ´Ù.
* named.boot (NS2.NMS.NOBREAK.COM) secondary nms.nobreak.com 150.183.110.2 sec-nms.nobreak.com
ÀÌÁ¦ ns, ns.nms, ns2.nmsÀÇ BIND¸¦ ¸ðµÎ Çà¾÷ÇÑÈÄ, ¿ÜºÎ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ ÅëÇØ µ¿ÀÛÀ» È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù.
$ nslookup -type=NS nms.nobreak.com ns.kornet.ne.kr nms.nobreak.com nameserver = ns.nms.nobreak.com nms.nobreak.com nameserver = ns2.nms.nobreak.com $ nslookup dns.nms.nobreak.com ns.kornet.ne.kr Name: dns.nms.nobreak.com Address: 150.183.110.53
'NOBREAK.COM'ÀÌ B Ŭ·¡½º 150.183À» ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇÒ´ç¹Þ¾Ò°í, NMS.NOBREAK.COMÀº ±×Áß ¼ºê³Ý 150.183.110À» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÏÀÚ.
$ nslookup -type=NS 183.150.in-addr.arpa 183.150.in-addr.arpa nameserver = ns.nobreak.com 183.150.in-addr.arpa nameserver = ftp2.nobreak.com
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* zone-183.150.in-addr.arpa (NS.NOBREAK.COM) 110 IN NS ns.nms.nobreak.com. IN NS ns2.nms.nobreak.com.
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mailhub IN A 210.105.79.107
È£½ºÆ® mailhub´Â ¼ö½ÅµÇ´Â ÆíÁö¸¦ ´Ù¸¥ È£½ºÆ®·Î ¶ó¿ìÆÃÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡, °ü¸®ÀÚ´Â MX ·¹Äڵ带 ¼³Á¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¹°·Ð ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ¿À·ù´Â ¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °æ¿ì ÀÎÅͳݻóÀÇ ÇÑ MTA°¡ mailhub·Î ÆíÁö¸¦ ¼Û½ÅÇÒ¶§ ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ Æ®·¡ÇÈ ³¶ºñ°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
SendmailÀÇ °æ¿ì¸¦ »ìÆ캸ÀÚ. ¸ÕÀú SendmailÀº ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ ÅëÇØ mailhub¸¦ lookup(type=any) ÇÑ´Ù. Authoritative ȤÀº Non-authoritative Answer·Î A ·¹Äڵ常À» µ¹·Á¹Þ°Ô µÉÅÙµ¥, Authoritative AnswerÀÇ °æ¿ì MX ·¹Äڵ尡 ¾øÀ»Áö¶óµµ °á°ú¸¦ ½Å·ÚÇÏ¿© Ãß°¡ ÁúÀÇ ¾øÀÌ ÇØ´ç IP·Î Á¢¼ÓÀ» ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ MX ·¹Äڵ尡 ¾ø´Â Non-authoritative Answer¿¡ ´ëÇØ SendmailÀº ¸í½ÃÀûÀ¸·Î MX ·¹Äڵ带 Àç °Ë»öÇÑ´Ù. ¹°·Ð mailhub´Â MX ·¹Äڵ带 °®Áö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®¿¡ º¹±Í°ªÀº ¾ø°í ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÁúÀǸ¸À» ¼öÇàÇÏ¿´À» »ÓÀÌ´Ù. ÆíÁö¸¦ ¹è´ÞÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡´Â µÎ °æ¿ì ¸ðµÎ ÀüÇô ¹®Á¦ ¾øÁö¸¸, ÈÄÀÚÀÇ °æ¿ì¿Í °°Àº ³¶ºñ¸¦ ¸·±â À§Çؼ mailhub´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¼³Á¤µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÏ´Ù.
mailhub IN A 210.105.79.107 IN MX 10 mailhub.nobreak.com.
mailhub ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ÃÖÁ¾ ÆíÁö ¹è´ÞÁöÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡, ÀÚ½ÅÀ» MX·Î ¼³Á¤Çß´Ù. ÀÌ·¸µí, ÆíÁö¸¦ ¼ö½ÅÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç È£½ºÆ®´Â ºñ·Ï ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÏÁö¶óµµ ÇÑ°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ MX ·¹Äڵ带 °®´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù.
MX ·¹Äڵ带 CNAME°ú ¿¬°áÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¸Å¿ì ¾È ÁÁÀº »ý°¢ÀÌ´Ù. »ç½Ç °ü·Ã RFC ¹®¼ ¾îµð¿¡µµ ¾ÆÁ÷ MX ·¹ÄÚµå¿Í CNAMEÀÇ ¿¬µ¿¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÁÖÀÇ ¼öÁØÀ» ³Ñ¾î ¸íÈ®È÷ Á¦ÇÑÀ» µÐ ±ÛÀÌ ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ç¿ëÀÌ ¹Ýµå½Ã ¾È µÈ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö´Â ¾øÁö¸¸, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ Ãß°¡ Äõ¸®·Î ÀÎÇØ ¹ß»ýµÇ´Â Æ®·¡ÇÈÀ» »çÀ¯·Î ¿À·£ ±â°£ À߸øµÈ »ç¿ëÀ¸·Î ÀÎ½ÄµÇ¾î ¿Ô°í, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ °ü·Ã¹®¼¿¡¼´Â °°Àº ¿¬À¯·Î °·ÂÈ÷ »ç¿ëÄ¡ ¸»±â¸¦ ±ÇÇÑ´Ù.
layla IN MX 10 marie.nobreak.com. marie IN CNAME suzi.nobreak.com. suzi IN CNAME mailhub.nobreak.com. mailhub IN A 210.105.79.75 IN MX 10 mailhub.nobreak.com.
* layla·Î ÆíÁö¸¦ ¹è´ÞÇϱâ À§ÇÑ lookup °úÁ¤ 1. lookup layla.nobreak.com -> return marie.nobreak.com 2. lookup marie.nobreak.com -> return suzi.nobreak.com 3. lookup suzi.nobreak.com -> return mailhub.nobreak.com 4. lookup mailhub.nobreak.com -> return 210.105.79.75
´À½¼ÇÑ Ç¥ÁØÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ °¢°¢ÀÇ ÀÀ¿ë¸¶´Ù Á¶±Ý¾¿ ±¸ÇöÀÌ ´Ù¸¥µ¥, ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀ¸·Î BINDÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â À̸¦ À߸øµÈ »ç¿ë("layla.nobreak.com" IN MX points to a CNAME marie.nobreak.com)À̶ó Syslog¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¾Ë·ÁÁֽø¸, ¸î¸î MTA¿Í Sendmail´Â À̸¦ ¼ö¿ë(±ÇÀåÇÏÁö´Â ¾ÊÁö¸¸)ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ¸î¸î MTA°¡ ÇØ´ç ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ¸·Î ÆíÁö¸¦ ¹è´ÞÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â ÀáÀçÀû ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¾È°íÀֱ⠶§¹®¿¡, MX¿Í CNAMEÀÇ ¿¬µ¿Àº ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ÁÁÁö ¾Ê°í, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ °íÃÄÁ®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
layla IN MX 10 mailhub.nobreak.com. marie IN CNAME mailhub.nobreak.com. suzi IN CNAME mailhub.nobreak.com. mailhub IN A 210.105.79.75 IN MX 10 mailhub.nobreak.com.
¶ÇÇÑ, ÆíÁö ¼Û½ÅÀü SendmailÀº ¼ö½ÅÀÎÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ CNAMEÀ» ½ÇÁ¦ È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ¸·Î ¼öÁ¤ÇÑÈÄ ¹è´ÞÇÔ¿¡ À¯ÀÇÇÏÀÚ. Áï 'user@marie.nobreak.com'·Î º¸³»¾îÁö´Â ÆíÁö´Â, 'user@mailhub.nobreak.com'À¸·Î ¹ø¿ªµÈ ÈÄ ¼Û½ÅµÇ¸ç, ÀÌ´Â ¼ö½ÅÀÎÀÇ ÆíÁö Çì´õ¿¡ Ç¥½ÃµÇ´Â To: Á¤º¸°¡ 'user@marie.nobreak.com'ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ 'user@mailhub.nobreak.com'ÀÓÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ º¯È¯ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ¼Û½ÅÀü¿¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù´Â Á¡À̸ç, À̴ ȥ¶õÀ» ¾ß±âÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ÃßÈÄ ¼³¸íÇÒ SendmailÀÇ Virtual Domain ¼³Á¤¿¡¼ ±â´ëÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ¸ÅÇÎ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¹ß»ý½Ãų ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ CNAMEÀ¸·Î ÁöÁ¤µÈ È£½ºÆ®´Â ¸ÞÀÏÁÖ¼Ò·Î »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¸»°Å³ª, CNAME ´ë½Å A ·¹ÄÚµå¿Í MX ·¹Äڵ带 »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù.
´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº °æ¿ì, mailhub·Î ¹è´ÞµÇ´Â ÆíÁö¸¦ °í·ÁÇغ¸ÀÚ. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ÆíÁö°¡ mx2·Î ¹è´ÞµÇ¸®¶ó ±â´ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, SendmailÀº MX ·¹Äڵ忡´ëÇØ Nonrecursive Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ½ÇÁ¦ ÆíÁö´Â mx1(¹Ýµå½Ã A ·¹Äڵ带 °®¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù)À¸·Î ¹è´ÞµÈ´Ù.
mailhub IN MX 10 mx1.nobreak.com. mx1 IN MX 10 mx2.nobreak.com. IN A 210.105.79.231
¸¸¾à SendmailÀÌ MX ·¹Äڵ带 CNAME°°ÀÌ RecursiveÇÏ°Ô ÂѾư£´Ù¸é, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ÀáÀçÀûÀÎ ·çÇÁ¸¦ Çã¿ëÇÏ°Ô µÇ¹Ç·Î, SendmailÀº MX ·¹Äڵ带 ÂѾư¡Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
mailhub IN MX 10 mx1.nobreak.com. mx1 IN MX 10 mx2.nobreak.com. mx2 IN MX 10 mailhub.nobreak.com. ; Loop
ÇϳªÀÇ È£½ºÆ®¿¡ ¿¬°áµÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎ 'nobreak.com'°ú 'kr.freebsd.org'¿¡ ´ëÇØ, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î 'nobreak@nobreak.com'°ú 'nobreak@kr.freebsd.org'ÀÇ ¼ö½ÅÀÚ´Â °°´Ù. ¿©±â¿¡¼´Â °¢°¢ÀÇ µµ¸ÞÀκ°·Î aliases Å×À̺íÀ» °®´Â °Í°ú °°ÀÌ, µµ¸ÞÀο¡ µû¶ó ¼ö½ÅµÇ´Â ÆíÁö¸¦ ´Ù¸£°Ô ó¸®ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ë¾Æº»´Ù. º» ±ÛÀÌ SendmailÀ» ÁÖÁ¦·Î ÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê±â¿¡, SendmailÀ» ¾î´À Á¤µµ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °¡Á¤À¸·Î °ñÀÚ³»¿ë¸¸À» ´Ù·çµµ·Ï ÇÏ°Ú´Ù. Sendmail¿¡ Àͼ÷Ä¡ ¾Ê´Ù¸é ³»¿ëÀ» ÀÌÇØÇϱâ À§ÇØ RuleSet, m4, aliases, dbm/btree/hash µî¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »çÀüÇнÀÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
¼³¸íÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº Sendmail 8.8 À̻󿡼 °¡´ÉÇϹǷÎ,¸ÕÀú ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¼³Ä¡µÈ ¹öÁ¯À» È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù.
$ telnet localhost smtp Trying 127.0.0.1... 220 kfug2.kr.freebsd.org ESMTP Sendmail 8.9.3/8.9.3
¹öÁ¯ÀÌ 8.8º¸´Ù ³·´Ù¸é, 'ftp://ftp.sendmail.org/pub/sendmail/'¿¡¼ ÃֽŹöÁ¯À» ±¸Çϱ⠹ٶõ´Ù. Sendmail 8.2 À̻󿡼´Â 'domaintable' ǻó¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ ±¸ÇöµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, ¿©±â¿¡¼´Â ´Ù·çÁö ¾Ê°Ú´Ù.
¸ÕÀú 'sendmail-VERSION/cf/cf/'¿¡¼ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ÀûÀýÇÑ mc ÆÄÀÏÀ» º¹»çÇÑ ÈÄ, Virtual Domain ¼³Á¤¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ 'virtusertable', 'genericstable' ǻó¸¦ Ãß°¡ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÛ¼ºµÈ mc ÆÄÀÏÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ º¸ÀδÙ.
* generic-bsd4.4.mc ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ç¿ëÇØ ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ freebsd.mc ÆÄÀÏ divert(0)dnl VERSIONID(`@(#)generic-bsd4.4.mc 8.7 (Berkeley) 5/19/1998') OSTYPE(bsd4.4)dnl DOMAIN(generic)dnl MAILER(local)dnl MAILER(smtp)dnl FEATURE(virtusertable, btree /etc/domainaliases.db)dnl FEATURE(genericstable, btree /etc/useraliases.db)dnl
'virtusertable' ǻó´Â ¼ö½Å(in-bound)µÇ´Â ÆíÁö¸¦ ·ÎÄà »ç¿ëÀÚ·Î ¸ÅÇÎÇÏ´Â RuleSetÀ» »ý¼ºÇÏ°í, 'genericstable' ǻó´Â ¹Ý´ë·Î ¼Û½Å(out-bound)µÇ´Â ÆíÁö¿¡ ´ëÇØ ·ÎÄà À¯Àú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ÞÀÏÁÖ¼Ò(¸ÞÀÏ Çì´õ»óÀÇ From: Çʵå)¸¦ ¸ÅÇÎÇÏ´Â RuleSetÀ» »ý¼ºÇÑ´Ù. DNSÀÇ Forward Zone°ú Reverse ZoneÀ» »ý°¢ÇÏ¸é µÇ°Ú´Ù.
'btree'´Â ÇØ´ç Å×À̺í(domainaliases.db)ÀÌ B-Tree(Berkeley DB) µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ÇüÅ·ΠÀúÀåµÊÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. °¡´ÉÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ À¯ÇüÀ¸·Î´Â hash(Berkeley DB)¿Í dbm(NDBM)ÀÌ Àִµ¥, Å×À̺íÀÌ ¹æ´ëÇÒ °æ¿ì È¿À²Àº btree(Berkeley DB) > hash(Berkeley DB) > dbm(NDBM) ¼øÀÌ´Ù. ¼Óµµ°¡ ºü¸¥ btree¿Í hash¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§Çؼ´Â Berkeley DB(FreeBSD¸¦ ºñ·ÔÇØ ¸î¸î Unix¿¡´Â ±âº»À¸·Î Æ÷ÇԵȴÙ)°¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾î¾ß Çϸç, sendmail°ú makemap ÄÄÆÄÀϽà -DNEWDB Ç÷¡±×(Berkeley DB°¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù¸é ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î -DNEWDB Ç÷¡±×°¡ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Berkeley DB°¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ» °æ¿ì¿£ -DNDBM Ç÷¡±×(NDBM ¶óÀ̺귯¸®´Â ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ Unix¿¡ ±âº»À¸·Î Æ÷ÇԵȴÙ)·Î ÄÄÆÄÀÏ µÇ´Âµ¥ À̶§¿¡´Â dbmÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¸®´ª½º¿Í °°ÀÌ Berkeley DBÀÇ GNUÆÇÀÎ GDBMÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â °æ¿ì¿£ º°µµÀÇ ³ë·Â¾øÀÌ ¼¼ Á¾·ùÀÇ DB¸¦ ¸ðµÎ ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀÛ¼ºµÈ freebsd.mc ÆÄÀÏÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ m4(Macro Language Processor)¸¦ ÅëÇØ sendmail.cf·Î º¯È¯ÇÑ´Ù.
# cd sendmail-VERSION/cf/cf # m4 ../m4/cf.m4 freebsd.mc > freebsd.cf # cp freebsd.cf /etc/sendmail.cf
¸¸¾à ±âÁ¸ÀÇ sendmail.cf°¡ À¯ÁöµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏ´Â »óȲÀ̶ó¸é, ½ÇÁ¦ º» µÎ ǻó°¡ »ý¼ºÇÏ´Â ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ RuleSetÀ» Âü°íÇÏ¿© sendmail.cf¸¦ Á÷Á¢ ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ¿©µµ ÁÁ´Ù. (RuleSetÀÌ »ðÀԵǴ À§Ä¡¸¦ ÆľÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ m4·Î sendmail.cf¸¦ »ý¼ºÇÏ¿© ºñ±³Çϱ⠹ٶõ´Ù)
* FEATURE(virtusertable, btree /etc/domainaliases.db)dnl # Virtual user table (maps incoming users) Kvirtuser btree /etc/domainaliases.db # handle virtual users (RuleSet 0ÀÇ Parse1 ¾Æ·¡¿¡ À§Ä¡) R$+ < @ $=w . > $: < $(virtuser $1 @ $2 $@ $1 $: @ $) > $1 < @ $2 . > R<@> $+ + $* < @ $* . > $: < $(virtuser $1 + * @ $3 $@ $1 $: @ $) > $1 + $2 < @ $3 . > R<@> $+ + $* < @ $* . > $: < $(virtuser $1 @ $3 $@ $1 $: @ $) > $1 + $2 < @ $3 . > R<@> $+ < @ $+ . > $: < $(virtuser @ $2 $@ $1 $: @ $) > $1 < @ $2 . > R<@> $+ $: $1 R< error : $- $+ > $* $#error $@ $(dequote $1 $) $: $2 R< $+ > $+ < @ $+ > $: $>97 $1
* FEATURE(genericstable, btree /etc/useraliases.db)dnl # Generics table (mapping outgoing addresses) Kgenerics btree /etc/useraliases.db # handle generics database (RuleSet 93 ¾Æ·¡¿¡ À§Ä¡) R$+ < @ $=G . > $: < $1@$2 > $1 < @ $2 . > @ mark R$+ < @ *LOCAL* > $: < $1@$j > $1 < @ *LOCAL* > @ mark R< $+ > $+ < $* > @ $: < $(generics $1 $: $) > $2 < $3 > R< > $+ < @ $+ > $: < $(generics $1 $: $) > $1 < @ $2 > R< $* @ $* > $* < $* > $@ $>3 $1 @ $2 found qualified R< $+ > $* < $* > $: $>3 $1 @ *LOCAL* found unqualified R< > $* $: $1 not found
¸ÕÀú, ÇØ´ç È£½ºÆ®°¡ ¼ö½ÅÇÏ´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» Ŭ·¡½º w(sendmail.cw)¿¡ ³ª¿ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
* /etc/sendmail.cw ÆÄÀÏ nobreak.com kr.freebsd.org
'domainaliases' ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÆíÁý±â·Î ¿¾î ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Virtual User TableÀ» ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ´Ù.
* /etc/domainaliases ÆÄÀÏ webmaster@nobreak.com dipper moonhunt@nobreak.com moonhunt@ieee.org cjh@nobreak.com error:nouser Unknown User @nobreak.com nobreak @kr.freebsd.org %1@xfree86.org
¸ÞÀÏÁÖ¼Ò 'webmaster@nobreak.com'´Â ·ÎÄà »ç¿ëÀÚ dipper·Î ¸ÅÇεǰí, 'moonhunt@nobreak.com'·Î ¹è´ÞµÇ´Â ÆíÁö´Â 'moonhunt@ieee.org'·Î Æ÷¿öµù µÈ´Ù. 'cjh@nobreak.com'À¸·Î ¹è´ÞµÇ´Â ÆíÁö¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â ¿¡·¯¸Þ½ÃÁö 'Unknown User'·Î ´äÇϸç, ±×¿Ü 'nobreak.com'À¸·Î ¼ö½ÅµÇ´Â ¸ðµç ÆíÁö´Â ·ÎÄà »ç¿ëÀÚ nobreak·Î Àü´ÞµÈ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, 'kr.freebsd.org'·Î ¼ö½ÅµÇ´Â ¸ðµç ÆíÁö´Â 'xfree86.org'ÀÇ °°Àº »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡°Ô Æ÷¿öµùµÈ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ aliases ÆÄÀÏ°ú ¿¬µ¿ÇÏ¿© ´Ù¼öÀÇ »ç¿ëÀÚ¸¦ ¸ÅÇÎÇÏ´Â°Í ¶ÇÇÑ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
* /etc/domainaliases ÆÄÀÏ announce@kr.freebsd.org announce.ml admin@kr.freebsd.org admin.ml
* /etc/aliases ÆÄÀÏ announce.ml: :include:/var/ml/announce.ml admin.ml: nobreak, moonhunt@ieee.org
È£½ºÆ®¸íÀÌ 'kfug2.kr.freebsd.org'À϶§, ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼ out-boundµÇ´Â ÆíÁö´Â ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î 'user@kfug2.kr.freebsd.org'¸¦ FromÀ¸·Î °®´Â´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ Reverse-map Å×À̺íÀº ·ÎÄà »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ ¸ÞÀÏÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ º¯°æÇÑ´Ù.
* /etc/useraliases ÆÄÀÏ nobreak nobreak@nobreak.com cjh cjh@kr.freebsd.org
ÀÛ¼ºµÈ Å×À̺íÀº makemapÀ» »ç¿ëÇØ dbm/btree/hash ÇüÅ·Πº¯È¯µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¿©±â¼´Â btree¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿´À¸¹Ç·Î ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌÇÑ´Ù.
# makemap btree /etc/domainaliases.db < /etc/domainaliases # makemap btree /etc/useraliases.db < /etc/useraliases # ls /etc/domainaliases* /etc/useraliases* /etc/domainaliases /etc/useraliases /etc/domainaliases.db /etc/useraliases.db
ÀÌÁ¦ SendmailÀ» Çà¾÷ÇÏ°í µ¿ÀÛÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏÀÚ.
# kill -HUP `cat /var/run/sendmail.pid` # sendmail -bv webmaster@nobreak.com webmaster@nobreak.com... deliverable: mailer local, user dipper # sendmail -bv cjh@nobreak.com cjh@nobreak.com... Unknown User # sendmail -bv anybody@kr.freebsd.org anybody@kr.freebsd.org... deliverable: mailer esmtp, host xfree86.org., user anybody@xfree86.org
BIND´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸î °³ÀÇ ¿¹¾àµÈ ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ½Ã±×³Î Áß ¸î¸î¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â ÆÄÀÏ·Î °á°ú¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇϴµ¥, ÆÄÀÏÀº º¸Åë /var/named/ ȤÀº /var/tmp/ µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ ³²´Â´Ù.
BIND´Â Syslog¸¦ ÅëÇØ ÀÏ»óÀû ¾Ë¸²¿¡¼ºÎÅÍ Ä¡¸íÀû ¿À·ù±îÁö ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ ³²±ä´Ù. ³×ÀÓ¼¹öÀÇ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¿À·ù ¹× ¿Àµ¿ÀÛÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀº Syslog¿¡¼ºÎÅÍ Ã£¾Æ³ª°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ ¼ø¼ÀÌ°Ú´Ù. Syslog´Â /etc/syslog.confÀÇ ¼³Á¤¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¸£Áö¸¸, º¸Åë /var/log/messages ȤÀº /var/adm/messages ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ ³²±ä´Ù.
´ÙÀ½Àº, BIND°¡ ±¸µ¿µÉ ¶§, HUP ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» ¶§, Á¾·áµÉ ¶§ ±â·ÏµÇ´Â ÀÏ»óÀûÀÎ ¸Þ½ÃÁöµéÀÌ´Ù.
Jan 1 5:33:39 ns named[288]: starting. named 8.2 Jan 2 16:57:11 ns named[291]: reloading nameserver Feb 5 3:34:31 ns named[289]: named shutting down
Syslog¿¡ ³²´Â ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÇ Çü½ÄÀº '½Ã°£ È£½ºÆ®¸í named[PID]: ¸Þ½ÃÁö'¿Í °°Àº Çü½Ä¸¦ ÃëÇϴµ¥, BIND-4¿Í BIND-8 ±×¸®°í °¢ ¹öÀüº°·Î »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ´Ü¾î¿Í ¸Þ½ÃÁö ¾ç½ÄÀÌ Á¶±Ý¾¿ »óÀÌÇÔ¿¡ À¯ÀÇÇÑ´Ù.
Feb 1 11:33:40 ns named[288]: master zone "nobreak.com" (IN) loaded (serial 1999012901)
Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ ¸Þ¸ð¸®¿¡ ÀûÀçÇÏ¿´À½À» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. BIND-4¿¡¼´Â 'primary zone'À̶ó Ç¥ÇöÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸, BIND-8·Î ³Ñ¾î¿À¸é¼ 'master zone'À¸·Î ¸íĪÀÌ ¼öÁ¤µÇ¾ú´Ù.
¸Å½Ã°£ BIND´Â °£·«ÇÑ Åë°èÁ¤º¸¸¦ ±â·ÏÇÑ´Ù. (BIND-4ÀÇ ÀϺΠ¹öÀü°ú ¸î¸î OS º¥´õ°¡ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â BIND´Â ÀÌ Ç»Ãĸ¦ ±âº»À¸·Î ²¨³õ°í ÀÖ´Ù.)
Feb 2 18:57:12 ns named[291]: USAGE 917949432 917837292 CPU=1558.86u/491.54s CHILDCPU=921.29u/1228.57s Feb 2 18:57:12 ns named[291]: NSTATS 917949432 917837292 Unknown=3 A=95677 NS=3 SOA=275 PTR=563972 MX=11355 TXT=16 AXFR=10 ANY=17840 Feb 2 18:57:12 ns named[291]: XSTATS 917949432 917837292 RR=270905 RNXD=92478 RFwdR=133260 RDupR=505 RFail=8882 RFErr=0 RErr=75 RAXFR=10 RLame=111437 ROpts=0 SSysQ=24028 SAns=467186 SFwdQ=221971 SDupQ=255265 SErr=5319 RQ=689151 RIQ=17 RFwdQ=0 RDupQ=224 RTCP=53 SFwdR=133260 SFail=290 SFErr=0 SNaAns=189120 SNXD=186481
°¢ ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÇ Ã³À½¿¡ ³ª¿À´Â 2°³ ¼ýÀÚ´Â ÇöÀç½Ã°£°ú BIND°¡ ½ÃÀÛµÈ ½Ã°£À» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. '917949432 - 917837292'¸¦ °è»êÇϸé, ¼¹ö°¡ ¿î¿ëµÈ ½Ã°£(ÃÊ)À» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. USAGE´Â CPU »ç¿ëÁ¤µµ¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Âµ¥, ÁÖ CPU°¡ 1558Ãʵ¿¾È »ç¿ëÀÚ(u) ¸ðµå¿¡¼, 491Ãʵ¿¾È ½Ã½ºÅÛ(s) ¸ðµå¿¡¼ µ¿ÀÛÇÏ¿´À½À» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. CHILDCPUµµ °°Àº ÀǹÌÀε¥, ¸ÖƼ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¸é, CHILDCPU´Â 0u/0s ·Î Ç¥½ÃµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. NSTATS¿Í XSTATS´Â 'BIND Statistics'¿¡¼ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ´Ù·é´Ù.
Feb 5 09:39:05 ns named[26674]: Sent NOTIFY for "nobreak.com IN SOA" (nobreak.com); 1 NS, 1 A
BIND-8¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ Dynamic Update ±â´ÉÀº Primary°¡ Secondary¿¡°Ô Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º°¡ ¼öÁ¤µÇ¾úÀ¸´Ï ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®Ç϶ó´Â Á¤º¸¸¦ º¸³½´Ù. º» ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â 'nobreak.com'¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º°¡ ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®µÇ¾î ¾Ë¸² ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ º¸³Â´Ù´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù.
Feb 5 09:36:00 ns named[26674]: ns_forw: query(57.132.119.210.in-addr.arpa) No possible A RRs
Resolver°¡ ¿äûÇÑ µµ¸ÞÀÎ(Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀÎ)À» ãÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ» °æ¿ì ÀÌ´Ù.
Feb 5 09:35:46 ns named[26674]: Lame server on 'ryu.siyon.com' (in 'siyon.com'?): [210.105.79.103].53 'ns.mylover.com'
µµ¸ÞÀÎ 'siyon.com'ÀÌ 'ns.mylover.com'À¸·Î À§ÀӵǾúÀ¸³ª, ÇØ´ç ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ Authority ¼³Á¤ÀÌ µÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀº °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¿ÜºÎ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡¼ÀÇ Lame DelegationÀ̹ǷΠ½Å°æ ¾²Áö ¾Ê¾Æµµ ÁÁ´Ù.
´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ¸Þ½ÃÁöµéÀº ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º»óÀÇ ºñÁ¤»óÀûÀÎ ¸µÅ©¿Í, À߸øµÈ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö ¼³Á¤¿¡ ±âÀÎÇÑ ¸Þ½ÃÁöµéÀÌ´Ù. º» ¸Þ½ÃÁö Áß ¸î¸îÀº Ÿ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °ÍÀÌ°í, ÀǵµÀûÀÎ °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖÀ¸´Ï, °¡´ÉÇÑ ¹üÀ§¿¡¼ ¿øÀÎÀ» Á¦°ÅÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.
Feb 3 12:53:27 ns named[291]: ns_forw: query(shpark.co.kr) contains our address (ns.nobreak.com:210.105.79.2)
µµ¸ÞÀÎ 'shpark.co.kr'ÀÌ ns.nobreak.com(ÀÚ½Å)À¸·Î À§ÀӵǾúÀ¸³ª, Authority°¡ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ» °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù. ³»ºÎ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Lame Delegation ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÌ´Ï, ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ°í, ÀûÀýÇÑ Á¶Ä¡¸¦ ÃëÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.
Feb 5 10:09:01 ns named[26674]: "nobreak.com IN NS" points to a CNAME (ns.nobreak.com) Feb 5 10:09:11 ns named[26674]: "nms.nobreak.com IN MX" points to a CNAME (mail.nobreak.com) Feb 5 09:57:15 ns named[26674]: power.nobreak.com has CNAME and other data
CNAMEÀÇ À߸øµÈ »ç¿ë¿¡ ±âÀÎÇÑ ¿À·ùµéÀÌ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ MX¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ ¿À·ù´Â Àüü°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ ¸î¸î MTA(¿¹:sendmail)¿¡¼ ¸ÞÀÏ ¶ó¿ìÆÿ¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ »ý±æ ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ¿øÀÎÀ» ã±âÀ§ÇØ ¿À·£ ½Ã°£À» ÇãºñÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÁÖÀÇÇÏÀÚ. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¹®¹ýÀû ¿À·ù°¡ ÀÖÀ» ¶§, º» ¸Þ½ÃÁöµéÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù.
nobreak.com. IN NS ns.nobreak.com. ; (X) ns´Â CNAMEÀÌ´Ù. ns IN CNAME mild.nobreak.com. nms IN MX mail.nobreak.com. ; (X) mailÀº CNAME ÀÌ´Ù. mail IN CNAME mhub.nobreak.com. power IN CNAME layla.nobreak.com. IN MX mhub.nobreak.com. ; (X)Ãß°¡·¹Äڵ尡 ¿Ã ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
CNAME ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ¾î¶°ÇÑ Ãß°¡ ·¹Äڵ嵵 °®À» ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç, NS/MX/SOA ·¹ÄÚµå´Â CNAME°ú ¿¬°áµÉ ¼ö ¾øÀ½À» ±â¾ïÇÏÀÚ.
Feb 5 09:24:56 ns2 named-xfer[2502]: record too short from [210.105.79.2], zone nobreak.com
Primary NS°¡ xfrnets(BIND-4) ȤÀº allow-transfer(BIND-8) ¿É¼ÇÀ¸·Î, Zone Transfer¸¦ ¸·¾Æ, ÇØ´ç ZoneÀ» °®°í ¿ÀÁö ¸øÇÒ °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù. ÇØ´ç ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö °ü¸®ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¿¬¶ôÇÏ¿©, Zone Transfer°¡ °¡´ÉÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
³×ÀÓ¼¹ö È°¿ëÁ¤µµ¿Í µµ¸ÞÀγ»¿¡ ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö °³¼ö¸¦ ÆľÇÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿©, ÁÖ±âÀûÀÎ Åë°è ÀÚ·á °ËÅä°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ¿©±â¼ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö Åë°è Á¤º¸ ºÐ¼®¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ë¾Æº¸°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù. Åë°èÁ¤º¸´Â [±×¸² 6]°ú °°ÀÌ timeout(DNS´Â ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î UDP¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡)¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Áߺ¹µÈ Äõ¸®¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.
[±×¸² 6] ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°£ÀÇ ÁúÀÇ ¿¹Á¦
BIND·ÎºÎÅÍ Åë°è Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾ò±â À§Çؼ´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ILL(BIND-8)/IOT(BIND-4) ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. BIND´Â ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» ¹ÞÀ¸¸é Åë°è ÆÄÀÏÀ» /var/named/named.stats ȤÀº /var/tmp/named.stats·Î Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.
# kill -ILL `cat /var/run/named.pid` # ls -al /var/named/named.stats -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 19832 Mar 8 04:51 /var/named/named.stats # cat /var/named/named.stats +++ Statistics Dump +++ (920978301) Tue Mar 9 20:18:21 1999 208719 time since boot (secs) 3396 time since reset (secs) 3 Unknown query types 205739 A queries 39 NS queries 916 SOA queries 802719 PTR queries 19192 MX queries 2 TXT queries 15 AAAA queries 129 AXFR queries 29359 ANY queries ++ Name Server Statistics ++ (Legend) RR RNXD RFwdR RDupR RFail RFErr RErr RAXFR RLame ROpts SSysQ SAns SFwdQ SDupQ SErr RQ RIQ RFwdQ RDupQ RTCP SFwdR SFail SFErr SNaAns SNXD (Global) 447781 164719 227112 869 25991 0 245 125 170586 0 33963 720395 337570 294284 8122 1058113 0 337570 190 0 227112 20791 0 228616 298214 [210.104.247.129] 157 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 147 0 0 36 146 22 0 36 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 13 . . .
À§´Â BIND 8.2¿¡¼ Åë°èÁ¤º¸¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÑ ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù.
208719 time since boot (secs) 3396 time since reset (secs)
BIND°¡ ±¸µ¿µÈÈÄ ¿î¿ëµÈ ½Ã°£°ú ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ¸®·ÎµåµÈ(HUP ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» ¹ÞÀº) ÈÄ °æ°úµÈ ½Ã°£À» ÃÊ´ÜÀ§·Î Ç¥½ÃÇÑ´Ù.
3 Unknown query types
¾Ë·ÁÁöÁö ¾ÊÀº Äõ¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁúÀÇ È½¼öÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â À߸øµÈ ±¸Çö¿¡ ±âÀÎÇϰųª, ´©±º°¡¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ »õ·Î¿î ŸÀԽõµ ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
205739 A queries
A Äõ¸®´Â ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ÀÀ¿ë¿¡¼ ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â ÁúÀÇÀ̸ç, °¡Àå ºó¹øÈ÷ ¿ä±¸µÈ´Ù.
39 NS queries
³»ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î BIND´Â ·çÆ® ¼¹ö¿¡ ÁúÀÇ ÇÒ¶§, NS Äõ¸®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ÇØ´ç ¼¹ö°¡ ·çÆ® ¼¹ö°¡ ¾Æ´Ò °æ¿ì¿¡´Â Dig³ª Nslookup°°Àº ÁúÀÇ µµ±¸¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¸í½ÃÀû ¿äûÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù.
916 SOA queries
SOA Äõ¸®´Â Secondary NS°¡ ÇØ´ç ZoneÀÇ ½Ã¸®¾ó º¯È¸¦ °¨ÁöÇϱâ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
802719 PTR queries
Reverse µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â ÀÀ¿ëµé¿¡ ÀÇÇϸç A Äõ¸®¿Í ÇÔ²² °¡Àå ºó¹øÈ÷ ¿äûµÈ´Ù.
19192 MX queries
MX Äõ¸®´Â Sendmail°ú °°Àº MTA°¡ ¸ÞÀÏ ¶ó¿ìÆà Á¤º¸¸¦ ½ÀµæÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¿äûÇÑ´Ù.
2 TXT queries 15 AAAA queries
TXT¿Í AAAA Äõ¸®´Â Dig³ª Nslookup°°Àº DNS ÁúÀÇ µµ±¸¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿äûµÈ´Ù.
129 AXFR queries
AXFR Äõ¸®´Â Secondary°¡ Zone Transfer ÇÒ ¶§ ¿äûµÇ¹Ç·Î, ±× ¼öÄ¡´Â Zone Transfer Ƚ¼ö¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù.
29359 ANY queries
Any Äõ¸®´Â ±Ù·¡ÀÇ SendmailÀÌ ¸ñÀûÁö È£½ºÆ®ÀÇ A, MX, CNAME Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾ò±â À§ÇØ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
³ª¸ÓÁö Åë°èÁ¤º¸´Â °³º° È£½ºÆ®(Remote ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¿Í Stub Resolver)ÀÇ Åë°è Á¤º¸¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. º¸Åë ÃÑ ÇÕÀ» Ç¥½ÃÇÏ´Â [Global] ÇÊµå ¾Æ·¡·Î ¼ö¹é ȤÀº ¼öõÀÇ È£½ºÆ®°¡ ³ª¿µÇ´Âµ¥, °³º° ¼¹ö¿ÍÀÇ Åë°èÁ¤º¸´Â ¸Þ¸ð¸®¸¦ ¼ÒºñÇÒ »Ó ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î Áß¿äÄ¡ ¾Ê¾Æ, BIND-8¿¡¼´Â ±âº»À¸·Î Á¦°ÅµÇ¾î [Global] Çʵ常ÀÌ Ç¥½ÃµÈ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, °³º° È£½ºÆ®º° Åë°è´Â ¼Û/¼ö½Å ÆÐŶ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ªÀ» ¾Ë·ÁÁֱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ Åë°è¿¡¼ ÆľÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¹®Á¦(³×Æ®¿öÅ© Áö¿¬°ú °°Àº)¸¦ Áø´ÜÇϴµ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ ¿É¼ÇÀ» Á¶Á¤ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á °³º° È£½ºÆ® Åë°è¸¦ °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
* named.conf (BIND-8) options { host-statistics yes; };
Legend·Î Ç¥½ÃµÇ´Â ±¸ºÐÀÚµéÀº °¢ ÇʵåÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Âµ¥, S(Sent)·Î ½ÃÀÛÇϴ°ÍÀº ·ÎÄà ȣ½ºÆ®¿¡¼ ¼Û½ÅµÈ Äõ¸®¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÏ°í, R(Received)Àº ¼ö½ÅÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. ¼ø¼¿Í Á¾·ù´Â BINDÀÇ ¹öÁ¯¿¡ µû¶ó Á¶±Ý¾¿ »óÀÌÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
RR(Sent us an answer) 447781 RQ(Sent us a query) 1058113
¸®¸ðÆ® È£½ºÆ®°¡ ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö·Î ÀÀ´ä(Answer)ÇÑ È½¼ö°¡ RRÀ̸ç, ÁúÀÇ(Question)ÇÑ È½¼ö°¡ RQÀÌ´Ù. RRÀÌ RQ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÀ´äÀº ¾Æ´Ï¹Ç·Î, RR°ú RQÀÇ ¼öÄ¡¿£ »ó°ü°ü°è°¡ ¾ø´Ù.
RNXD(Sent us a negative response) 164719 SNXD(Sent them a negative response) 298214
RNXD´Â ¿äûÇÑ Äõ¸®¿¡ ´ëÇØ 'µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¾øÀ½' ÀÀ´äÀ» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» °æ¿ì Áõ°¡ÇÑ´Ù. SNXD´Â ¹Ý´ë·Î 'µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¾øÀ½' Äõ¸®¸¦ Àü¼ÛÇßÀ» °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù.
RFwdR(Sent us a response we had to fwd) 227112 SFwdR(Forwarded a response to them) 227112 RFwdQ(Sent us a query we had to forward) 337570 SFwdQ(Forwarded a query to them) 337570
ResolverÀÇ ¿äû¿¡ ´ëÇØ ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö´Â ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º¸¦ °Ë»öÇÏ¿© ÃÖÁ¾ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸®¸ðÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÀ´ä¹ÞÀº °á°ú¸¦ Resolver¿¡°Ô ÅëÁöÇϴµ¥, RFwdRÀº ¸®¸ðÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÀ´ä¹ÞÀº Äõ¸®(RR)Áß Æ÷¿öµùÇÒ Äõ¸®ÀÇ °³¼öÀÌ°í, SFwdRÀº ½ÇÁ¦ Æ÷¿öµùÇÑ Äõ¸® °³¼öÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ý´ë·Î RFwdQ´Â ResolverÀÇ ÁúÀÇ(RQ)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Æ÷¿öµù ¿äûÀ̸ç, SFwdQ ½ÇÁ¦ ¸®¸ðÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö·Î ÁúÀǸ¦ Æ÷¿öµùÇÑ °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù.
RDupR(Sent us an extra answer) 869 RDupQ(Sent us a retry) 190 SDupQ(Sent them a retry) 294284
³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ ´Ù¿îµÇ¾î TimeoutÀÌ ¾ß±âµÇ°Å³ª, ³×Æ®¿öÅ© Àå¾Ö µîÀÇ ¿ä¼Ò·Î È£½ºÆ®°£ ÆÐŶ ¼Û/¼ö½Å¿¡ Áö¿¬ÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÒ °æ¿ì, È£½ºÆ®°£¿¡ Áߺ¹µÈ(Retry) Äõ¸® ¿äûÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. RDupRÀº ¸®¸ðÆ® È£½ºÆ®¿¡¼ ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö·Î Àü¼ÛÇÑ Áߺ¹µÈ ÀÀ´ä([±×¸² 6]ÀÇ ½Ã³ª¸®¿À Âü°í) Ƚ¼öÀ̸ç, RDupQ´Â ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ ¼ö½ÅÇÑ Áߺ¹ ÁúÀÇ(ÇØ´ç ÁúÀǸ¦ ¹Ìó ó¸®ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ »óÅ¿¡¼ ¼ö½ÅµÇ´Â µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ÁúÀÇ) Ƚ¼öÀÌ°í, SDupQ´Â ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ ¸®¸ðÆ® È£½ºÆ®·Î ¿äûÇÑ Áߺ¹ ÁúÀÇ °³¼öÀÌ´Ù.
RFail(Sent us a SERVFAIL) 5176 SFail(Sent them a SERVFAIL) 90
RFailÀº È£½ºÆ®(Remote)ÀÇ À߸øµÈ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ¼³Á¤, ¸Þ¸ð¸® ÇÒ´ç ¿À·ù, SecondaryÀÏ °æ¿ì ExpireµÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎ µîÀÇ ¹®Á¦·Î ±âÀÎÇÑ SERVFAIL ÀÀ´ä Ƚ¼ö¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. SFailÀº ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼¹öÀÇ ¹®Á¦·Î ¹ß¼ÛµÈ SERVFAIL ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÌ´Ù.
RFErr(Sent us a FORMERR) 0 SFErr(Sent them a FORMERR) 0
RFErrÀº ¼ö½ÅÇÑ FORMERR ÀÀ´ä Ƚ¼ö¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. FORMERR ÀÀ´äÀº ¸®¸ðÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ ¹®¹ýÀû ¿À·ù°¡ ÀÖ´Â ÁúÀǸ¦ ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» ¶§ º¸³»¾îÁø´Ù. SFErrÀº ¹Ý´ë·Î ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ ¼Û½ÅÇÑ FORMERR ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÇ °³¼öÀÌ´Ù. ³×Æ®¿öÅ©»óÀÇ ÆÐŶÀü¼Û¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ÇÑ º» µÎ °ªÀº 0 ÀÌ´Ù.
RErr(Sent us some other error) 245 SErr(Sent failed) 8122
¼ö½ÅµÈ SERVFAIL °ú FORMERR ÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ ¸ðµç ¼ö½Å/¼Û½Å ¿À·ù ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â RErr/SErr¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵȴÙ.
RAXFR(Sent us an AXFR) 125
AXFR Äõ¸®´Â Secondary°¡ Zone Transfer Çϱâ À§ÇØ º¸³»¾î Áø´Ù. °³º° È£½ºÆ® Ç׸ñ¿¡¼ º» Çʵ尡 0 ÀÏ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ÇØ´ç È£½ºÆ®°¡ ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼¹öÀÇ ¾î¶°ÇÑ µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇؼµµ Secondary·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ½À» ¶æÇÑ´Ù.
RLame(Sent us a lame delegation) 170586
À§ÀÓµÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎÁß ¸î¸î¿¡´ëÇØ Authority°¡ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾îÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ»°æ¿ì º» °ªÀº 0ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. Áï ƯÁ¤ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö·Î ÁöÁ¤µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸³ª Primary ȤÀº Secondary ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ¾øÀ» °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù.
ROpts(Sent us some IP options) 0
IP ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ¼³Á¤µÈ ÆÐŶÀ» ¼ö½ÅÇÏ¿´À» °æ¿ì, ROpts°¡ Áõ°¡ÇÑ´Ù.
SSysQ(Sent them a sysquery) 33963
·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼¹öÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛ Äõ¸® Àü¼ÛȽ¼öÀÌ´Ù. ½Ã½ºÅÛ Äõ¸®´Â ¸®¸ðÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö(·çÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿©) Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ® Çϱâ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
RIQ(Sent us an inverse query) 0
RIQ´Â ¼ö½ÅÇÑ Reserve Domain ¿äû Ƚ¼öÀÌÁö¸¸, ±Ù·¡ÀÇ BIND¿¡¼´Â PTR queries·Î Èí¼öµÇ¾î ´õ ÀÌ»ó »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. µû¶ó¼ RIQ´Â Ç×»ó 0ÀÌ´Ù.
RTCP(Sent us a query using TCP) 0
RTCP´Â TCP ¿¬°áÀ» ÅëÇØ ¼ö½ÅµÈ ÁúÀÇ È½¼ö¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ Äõ¸®´Â UDP¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¼Û/¼ö½ÅµÇ¹Ç·Î º» °ªÀº 0À» °®°Å³ª, ºñÀ²ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸Å¿ì ÀûÀº ¼öÄ¡¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù.
SAns(Sent them an answer) 720395 SNaAns(Sent them a non-autoritative answer) 228616
SAns´Â ¿äûµÈ ÁúÀÇ(RQ)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÀ´ä Ƚ¼ö¸¦ ¸»Çϸç, °á°ú°¡ ij½¬¿¡¼ ¹ß°ßµÇ¾úÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡´Â SNaAns°¡ Ä«¿îÆ®µÈ´Ù.
BINDÀÇ µð¹ö±ë Ãâ·ÂÀº °³¹ßÀÚµéÀÌ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¸¦ ¸ÞÀÎÅͳͽºÇÒ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î È°¿ëµÇ¹Ç·Î, ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ±¸ÇöÀ» »ý°¢Çϰųª BINDÀÇ µ¿ÀÛÀ» ÆľÇÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¸é, ±»ÀÌ À̸¦ ¸ðµÎ ÀÌÇØÇÏ·Á ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ BIND¸¦ Á»´õ ±í¼÷ÀÌ ÀÌÇØÇÏ°í ±× ÀÀ¿ëÀ» ±Ø´ëÈ ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é, µð¹ö±ë Á¤º¸ ºÐ¼®¿¡ ¸¹Àº Àç¹Ì¸¦ ´À³¥ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿©±â ¸ðµÎ´Â ¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸ µð¹ö±ë Ãâ·ÂÁ¤º¸¸¦ Çؼ®ÇÏ´Â ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î¸¦ ¼Ò°³ÇÑ´Ù.
# kill -USR1 `cat /var/run/named.pid` (or 'ndc trace') # ping www.openbsd.org. # kill -USR2 `cat /var/run/named.pid` (or 'ndc notrace') # ls -al /var/named/named.run -rw-r--r-- 1 root bin 1153 Mar 10 00:30 named.run
BIND´Â USR1 ½Ã±×³ÎÀº ¹ÞÀ»¶§¸¶´Ù µð¹ö±ë ·¹¹úÀ» ÇѴܰ辿 ³ô¿©°¡´Âµ¥, ³ôÀº µð¹ö±ë ·¹º§Àº Á»´õ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇÏ¿© ÁØ´Ù. µð¹ö±ë Ãâ·ÂÀº /var/named/named.run ȤÀº /var/tmp/named.run ÆÄÀÏ·Î »ý¼ºµÇ¸ç, ¸Å¿ì ºü¸£°Ô Áõ°¡ÇϹǷΠÇÊ¿äÇÑ Á¤º¸°¡ ÀâÇû´Ù°í ÆǴܵǴ ½ÃÁ¡¿¡¼ USR2 ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ Ãâ·ÂÀ» Á¤Áö½ÃÅ°±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù. BIND µð¹ö±ë Ãâ·ÂÀº ´Ù¹ßÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â Äõ¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸°¡ ¸ðµÎ ±â·ÏµÇ¹Ç·Î, ¶§·Ð ¿øÇÏ´Â Á¤º¸¸¦ Ã߸®´Âµ¥ ¾à°£ÀÇ Àγ»½ÉÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. BINDÀÇ ÃʱâÈ °úÁ¤À» »ìÆ캸°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é 'named -d 1 &'°ú °°ÀÌ ºÎÆýà Ŀ¸Çµå¶óÀÎ ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
datagram from [210.105.79.6].3442, fd 21, len 33;
ÀÌ°ÍÀº È£½ºÆ® '210.105.79.6'¿¡¼ Æ÷Æ® 3442¹øÀ¸·Î ±æÀÌ 33 byteÀÇ UDP ÆÐŶÀÌ ÆÄÀÏ µð½ºÅ©¸³ÅÍ 6¹øÀ» ÅëÇØ ¼ö½ÅµÇ¾úÀ½À» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. ¿©±â¼ ¸»ÇÏ´Â ÆÄÀÏ µð½ºÅ©¸³ÅͶõ ¼¹ö IP ÁÖ¼Ò(ÆÐŶÀ» listen ÇÏ´Â)¿¡ boundµÈ ¼ÒÄÏ Çڵ鷯¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
req: nlookup(www.openbsd.org) id 28375 type=1 class=1
¿äûµÈ datagramÀº 'www.openbsd.org'¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁúÀÇ(req)ÀÓÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î Ŭ·¡½º IN(class=1)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ A(type=1) ·¹ÄÚµå ¿äûÀÌ¸ç ³»ºÎ ±¸ºÐ¹øÈ£´Â 28375·Î ¸Å°ÜÁ³´Ù.
req: missed 'www.openbsd.org' as '' (cname=0)
¿äû µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ë°íÀÖ´Â ÀÚ·á°¡ ¾øÀ½(³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇØ Authority¸¦ °®°í ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ij½¬¿¡¼µµ ãÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ» ¶§)À» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. 'cname=0'´Â 'www.openbsd.org'°¡ CNAMEÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÇÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ½À» ¸»Çϴµ¥, ¹°·Ð Áö±Ý ´Ü°è¿¡¼´Â BIND°¡ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ CNAME ¼³Á¤¿©ºÎ¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æ³¾ ¼ö ¾øÁö¸¸, º» °ªÀÌ 0ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ò °æ¿ì¿¡´Â CNAMEÀÌ °¡¸£Å°´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ´ë½Å ã´Â´Ù.
forw: forw -> [198.41.0.10].53 ds=23 nsid=19461 id=28375 5ms retry 4sec
ÀÚü lookup¿¡ ½ÇÆÐÇÏ¿´±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ´ÙÀ½ ´Ü°è·Î ÁúÀǸ¦ 'J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET(198.41.0.10:53)'À¸·Î Æ÷¿öµù ÇÑ´Ù.
datagram from [198.41.0.10].53, fd 21, len 449; ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 19461 ;; flags: qr; Ques: 1, Ans: 0, Auth: 12, Addit: 12 ;; QUESTIONS: ;; www.openbsd.org, type = A, class = IN ;; AUTHORITY RECORDS: ORG. 518400 IN NS A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. ORG. 518400 IN NS I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. ORG. 518400 IN NS K.GTLD-SERVERS.NET. ;; ADDITIONAL RECORDS: A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 IN A 198.41.0.4 I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 IN A 192.36.148.17 K.GTLD-SERVERS.NET. 518400 IN A 195.8.99.11
'J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET'ÀÌ ¿äû¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÀ´äÀ» º¸³»¾î ¿Ô´Ù. ÀÌó·³ ÀÀ´äÀÌ delegation¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ·¹ÆÛ·±½ÌÀÏ °æ¿ì °ü·Ã ³»¿ëÀÌ ¸ðµÎ Ãâ·ÂµÈ´Ù. °á°ú´Â ij½¬¿¡ ÀúÀåµÈ´Ù.
resp: nlookup(www.openbsd.org) qtype=1
ij½¬¿¡¼ 'www.openbsd.org.'¸¦ ´Ù½Ã ã´Â´Ù.
resp: found 'www.openbsd.org' as 'org' (cname=0) resp: forw -> [195.8.99.11].53 ds=23 nsid=19462 id=28375 1ms
¿Ïº®ÇÑ °á°ú´Â ¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸, ORG ·¹º§¿¡¼ À§ÀÓÁ¤º¸¸¦ ¹ß°ßÇÏ¿´±â ¶§¹®¿¡, 'K.GTLD-SERVERS.NET(195.8.99.11)'À¸·Î ÁúÀǸ¦ Æ÷¿öµù ÇÑ´Ù.
datagram from [195.8.99.11].53, fd 21, len 219; ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 19462 ;; flags: qr rd; Ques: 1, Ans: 0, Auth: 5, Addit: 3 ;; QUESTIONS: ;; www.openbsd.org, type = A, class = IN ;; AUTHORITY RECORDS: OPENBSD.org. 172800 IN NS ZEUS.THEOS.COM. OPENBSD.org. 172800 IN NS CVS.OPENBSD.org. OPENBSD.org. 172800 IN NS NS.SIGMASOFT.COM. ;; ADDITIONAL RECORDS: ZEUS.THEOS.COM. 172800 IN A 199.185.137.1 CVS.OPENBSD.org. 172800 IN A 199.185.137.3 NS.SIGMASOFT.COM. 172800 IN A 209.249.129.35
'K.GTLD-SERVERS.NET'À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ À§ÀÓÁ¤º¸¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ·¹ÆÛ·±½Ì ÀÀ´äÀÌ µ¹¾Æ¿Ô´Ù.
resp: nlookup(www.openbsd.org) qtype=1 resp: found 'www.openbsd.org' as 'openbsd.org' (cname=0)
ij½¬¿¡¼ 'www.openbsd.org.'¸¦ ã´Â °úÁ¤ Áß, 'openbsd.org.' ·¹º§ÀÇ À§ÀÓÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù.
resp: forw -> [199.185.137.3].53 ds=23 nsid=19467 id=28375 22ms datagram from [199.185.137.3].53, fd 21, len 272;
'CVS.OPENBSD.ORG(199.185.137.3)'·Î ÁúÀǸ¦ Æ÷¿öµùÇÑ ÈÄ, ±â´ëÇÑ ÀÀ´ä(A)À» ¼ö½ÅÇÏ¿´´Ù. (µð¹ö±ë ·¹º§ 1¿¡¼´Â À§ÀÓ Á¤º¸¸¸ÀÌ Ç¥½ÃµÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡, °á°úÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» º¸°íÀÚ ÇÒ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ´õ ³ôÀº µð¹ö±ë ·¹º§À» Àû¿ëÇÏ¿©¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù)
send_msg -> [210.105.79.6].3442 (UDP 21) id=28375
¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î °Ë»öµÈ °á°ú¸¦ Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®¿¡ ÀÀ´äÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, 28375 Äõ¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ã³¸®°¡ ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ¸¶¹«¸®µÇ¾ú´Ù.
³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ ¿î¿µÇÏ°í °ü¸®Çϴµ¥ ÀÖ¾î ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¹ß°ßÇÏ°í ÇØ°áÇϱâ À§ÇØ ResolverÀÇ ÀÔÀåÀ¸·Î ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ ½ÃÇèÇغ¼ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ±âº» ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â nslookupÀº dig¿Í ÇÔ²² °¡Àå ³Î¸® »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö ÁúÀÇ µµ±¸·Î½á, µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¸Þ´ÏÀúÀÇ ±âº» ¹«±âÁß ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù.
$ nslookup Default Server: ns.nobreak.com Address: 210.105.79.2 > exit
nslookupÀº ½ÇÇàÈÄ ´ëÈÇü ÇÁ·ÒÇÁÆ® '>'¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇÏ°í '/etc/resolv.conf'¿¡ Á¤ÀÇµÈ Ã¹ ¹ø° ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ ±âº» ÁúÀÇ ¼¹ö·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. 'nslookup'Àº BIND¿Í ´Þ¸® ÇϳªÀÇ ¼¹ö¸¸À» ÁúÀÇ¿¡ »ç¿ëÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ 'Default NS -> Timeout -> Error'¿Í °°ÀÌ µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù.
nslookupÀº ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÔ·ÂµÈ µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇØ A ·¹Äڵ带 °Ë»öÇÏ°í, IP ÁÖ¼Ò(in-addr.arpa)¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â PTR ·¹Äڵ带 °Ë»öÇÑ´Ù. 'set type=RR' ¸í·ÉÀ¸·Î A ·¹ÄÚµå ÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ ·¹ÄÚµå ¶ÇÇÑ °Ë»öÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, RR(Resource Record)¿¡´Â A,ANY,CNAME,HINFO,MX,NS,PTR,SOA,TXT µîÀÌ ¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌÁß ANY´Â °ü·ÃµÈ ·¹ÄÚµåµéÀ» ¸ðµÎ Ãâ·ÂÇ϶ó´Â ¾à¼Ó ±âÈ£ÀÌ´Ù.
> www.kr.freebsd.org. # IP °Ë»ö Name: www.kr.freebsd.org Address: 150.183.110.39 > ftp.kr.freebsd.org. Name: www.kr.freebsd.org # ftp´Â wwwÀÇ CNAME Address: 150.183.110.39 Aliases: ftp.kr.freebsd.org > 150.183.110.39 # µµ¸ÞÀÎ °Ë»ö Name: www.kr.freebsd.org Address: 150.183.110.39 > set type=MX # MX ·¹ÄÚµå °Ë»ö > kr.freebsd.org. kr.freebsd.org preference = 10, mail exchanger = mail.kr.freebsd.org > set type=NS # NS ·¹ÄÚµå °Ë»ö > kr.freebsd.org. # µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓ È®ÀÎ kr.freebsd.org nameserver = ns.kr.freebsd.org kr.freebsd.org nameserver = ns2.kr.freebsd.org ns.kr.freebsd.org internet address = 150.183.110.2 ns2.kr.freebsd.org internet address = 150.183.110.3 > 46.102.39.in-addr.arpa. # Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓ È®ÀÎ kr.freebsd.org nameserver = ns.kr.freebsd.org kr.freebsd.org nameserver = ns2.kr.freebsd.org ns.kr.freebsd.org internet address = 150.183.110.2 ns2.kr.freebsd.org internet address = 150.183.110.3
nslookupÀº ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î recurse ¸ðµå·Î µ¿ÀÛÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ¶§·Ð ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ Authority¸¦ °®´Â ƯÁ¤ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¿¡ Á÷Á¢ ÁúÀǸ¦ ÇÏ¿© Authoritative ÀÀ´ä(³×ÀÓ¼¹öÀÇ Ä³½¬¿¡¼°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ)À» È®ÀÎ ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. 'server', 'lserver' ¸í·ÉÀ¸·Î ±âº» ÁúÀÇ ¼¹ö¸¦ º¯°æ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. µÎ ¸í·ÉÀº ÁÖ¾îÁø ³×ÀÓ¼¹öÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò(Äõ¸®°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ)¸¦ ãÀ» ¶§ »ç¿ëÇÒ ÁúÀÇ ¼¹öÀÇ Â÷ÀÌÀε¥, 'server'´Â ÇöÀçÀÇ ±âº» ¼¹ö¸¦ ÅëÇÏ°í, 'lserver'´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛ ±âº» ¼¹ö(nslookup ±¸µ¿½Ã Ãʱ⠼³Á¤µÇ´Â)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÔÀÌ ´Ù¸£´Ù. 'lserver'¸í·ÉÀº Ÿ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö·Î ½ºÀ§Äª ÇÑ ÈÄ, ´Ù½Ã ´Ù¸¥ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö·Î ½ºÀ§ÄªÇÏ·Á Çϴµ¥, ÇöÀçÀÇ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æ ÇØ´ç ³×ÀÓ¼¹öÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ °Ë»öÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ ¶§ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½À» º¸ÀÚ.
$ nslookup Default Server: ns.nobreak.com Address: 210.105.79.2
nslookup ±¸µ¿½ÃÀÇ ±âº» ¼¹ö 'ns.nobreak.com'ÀÌ 'lserver' ¸í·É¿¡¼ ÁÖ¾îÁø NSÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ã±âÀ§ÇÑ ÁúÀÇ ¼¹ö°¡ µÈ´Ù.
> server ns.jp.freebsd.org. # ±âº» ¼¹ö º¯°æ Default Server: ns.jp.freebsd.org Address: 199.100.7.25 > server ns.nobreak.com. *** Can't find address for server ns.nobreak.com: Non-existent host/domain
ns.jp.freebsd.org¸¦ ÅëÇØ ns.nobreak.comÀ» ãÀ» ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. À̶§¿¡´Â 'lserver' ¸í·ÉÀ¸·Î ½Ã½ºÅÛ ±âº» ¼¹ö¸¦ ÅëÇØ 'ns.nobreak.com'ÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ °Ë»öÇÑ´Ù.
> lserver ns.nobreak.com. Default Server: ns.nobreak.com Address: 210.105.79.2
·çÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ ÁúÀÇ ¼¹ö·Î ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÒ ¶§´Â, °£´ÜÈ÷ 'root' ¸í·ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
> root Default Server: a.root-servers.net Address: 198.41.0.4
³×ÀÓ¼¹ö´Â ResolverÀÇ ¿äûÀ» ó¸®Çϱâ À§ÇØ, ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º¸¦ °Ë»öÇϸç, ¿©·¯ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¿Í Åë½ÅÀ» Çϴµ¥, nslookupÀ¸·Î µ¿ÀÏÇÑ °úÁ¤À» ¹â¾Æº¸µµ·Ï ÇÏÀÚ. ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ ÀÎÅͳݻ󿡼 ¾î¶»°Ô µ¿ÀÛÇϸç, ³×ÀÓ¼¹öµé °£¿¡´Â ¾î¶² »ç°ÇµéÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÏ°í, ¿©·¯ºÐÀ» À§ÇØ ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇÏ´ÂÁö, ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ ´À³¦À» ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
[±×¸² 7] ³×ÀÓ¼¹öó·³ ÁúÀÇÇϱâ
(1) > set norecurse # Iterative ¸ðµå·Î Àüȯ > www.kr.freebsd.org. Server: ns.nobreak.com Address: 210.105.79.2 Name: www.kr.freebsd.org Served by: - H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET 128.63.2.53 ORG - B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET 128.9.0.107 ORG ...
'ORG.'°¡ °ü¸®µÇ´Â ·çÆ® ¼¹öµéÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀ» ·¹ÆÛ·±½Ì ÇØÁØ´Ù.
(2) > server h.root-servers.net. > www.kr.freebsd.org. Server: h.root-servers.net Address: 128.63.2.53 Name: www.kr.freebsd.org Served by: - WHO.CDROM.COM 204.216.27.3 FREEBSD.ORG - NS1.CRL.COM 165.113.1.36 FREEBSD.ORG - NS2.CRL.COM 165.113.61.37 FREEBSD.ORG (3) > server who.cdrom.com. > www.kr.freebsd.org. Server: who.cdrom.com Address: 204.216.27.3 Name: www.kr.freebsd.org Served by: - ns.kr.freebsd.org 150.183.110.2 kr.freebsd.org - ns2.kr.freebsd.org 150.183.110.3 kr.freebsd.org (4) > server ns.kr.freebsd.org. > www.kr.freebsd.org. Server: ns.kr.freebsd.org Address: 150.183.110.2 Name: www.kr.freebsd.org Address: 150.183.110.39
ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ Zone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¹»çº»À» ¾ò±âÀ§ÇØ, Primary·ÎºÎÅÍ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ ²ø¾î¿À´Â ÀÛ¾÷À» Zone Transfer¶ó ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ÀÛ¾÷Àº ÁÖ·Î Secondary NS Ãø¿¡¼ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö¸ç, ¶§¶§·Î ¾ó¸¶³ª ¸¹Àº ¼öÀÇ È£½ºÆ®°¡ µî·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖ´ÂÁö ȤÀº ZoneÀÇ ¹®¹ýÀû ¿À·ù¸¦ °Ë»çÇϱâ À§ÇØ °ü¸®ÀÚ°¡ ¼öµ¿À¸·Î Á¶ÀÛÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù. Zone Transfer´Â Authority¸¦ °®´Â ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¿¡ Á÷Á¢ ÁúÀÇÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇϹǷÎ, nslookup »ó¿¡¼ ÇØ´ç NS·Î ÁúÀÇ ¼¹ö¸¦ º¯°æÇÑÈÄ, 'ls' ¸í·ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
> server ns.kr.freebsd.org. > ls -t A kr.freebsd.org # A ·¹ÄÚµå Ãâ·Â kr.freebsd.org. server = ns.kr.freebsd.org kr.freebsd.org. server = ns2.kr.freebsd.org mail 150.183.110.32 mqueue 150.183.110.33 www 150.183.110.39 www2 150.183.110.40 > ls -d kr.freebsd.org # ¸ðµç ·¹ÄÚµå Ãâ·Â kr.freebsd.org. SOA ns.nobreak.com hostmaster.kr.freebsd.org. (1999031501 21600 1800 1209600 86400) kr.freebsd.org. NS ns.nobreak.com kr.freebsd.org. NS ftp2.nobreak.com kr.freebsd.org. MX 10 mail.kr.freebsd.org kr.freebsd.org. MX 20 mqueue.kr.freebsd.org cvsup CNAME www.kr.freebsd.org mail A 150.183.110.32 mqueue A 150.183.110.33 ftp CNAME www.kr.freebsd.org ftp2 CNAME www2.kr.freebsd.org ftp3 CNAME ftp.free.nobreak.com www A 150.183.110.39 www HINFO Pentium-200 FreeBSD 2.2.8 www TXT "Korea FreeBSD Users Group" www2 A 150.183.110.40 www2 HINFO Pentium-133MHz FreeBSD 2.2.8 www2 TXT "Korea FreeBSD Users Group" > ls -t MX kr.freebsd.org > MX-kr.freebsd.org # ÆÄÀÏ·Î ÀúÀå > view MX-kr.freebsd.org # ÆÄÀÏ ³»¿ë È®ÀÎ
BINDÀÇ °æ¿ì 'named-xfer'¶ó´Â ¿ÜºÎ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» »ç¿ëÇØ Zone Transfer¸¦ ¼öÇàÇÑ´Ù. ³×ÀÓ¼¹öÀÇ ÀÔÀå¿¡¼ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ Secondary ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ìÀÇ Ã³¸®°úÁ¤À» »ìÆ캸ÀÚ.
secondary kr.freebsd.org 210.105.79.2 sec-kr.freebsd.org
BIND´Â 'secondary' ¸í·ÉÀ» ¸¸³ª¸é ³»ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù.
loop(Interval == TTL) { named-xfer -z kr.freebsd.org -f /var/named/sec-kr.freebsd.org -s Current_Serial 210.105.79.2 switch ( $? ) { // 'named-xfer'´Â ȯ°æ º¯¼ö '$?'¿¡ °á°ú¸¦ º¹±ÍÇÔ case 0 : OK; // ½Ã¸®¾óÀÌ °°À½, Zone Transfer°¡ ÇÊ¿äÄ¡ ¾ÊÀ½ case 1 : OK; // ½Ã¸®¾óÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇßÀ½, Zone Transfer°¡ ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ¼öÇàµÊ case 2 : ERROR; // ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ ãÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ½ // ȤÀº ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ Authority¸¦ °®Áö ¾ÊÀ½ case 3 : ERROR: // ½Ã¸®¾óÀÌ °¨¼ÒÇßÀ½, ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ¹é¾÷Ä«ÇÇ À¯Áö } primary kr.freebsd.org sec-kr.freebsd.org }
º¸¾ÈÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯·Î Çã¶ôµÈ °÷(¿¹: Secondary NS's IP)¿¡¼¸¸ Zone Transfer¸¦ Çã¿ëÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é, Primary NSÀÇ ºÎÆ®ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÁØ´Ù. (Zone Transfer¸¸À» Á¦ÇÑÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡, È£½ºÆ®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °³º° Äõ¸®´Â Çã¿ëµÈ´Ù)
xfrnets 210.105.79.3&255.255.255.255 210.105.80.128&255.255.255.128
ÀÌ°ÍÀº BIND-4ÀÇ ¼³Á¤¿¹Àε¥, IP 210.105.79.3°ú 210.105.80.129-254 ¿¡¼¸¸ Zone Transfer¸¦ Çã¿ëÇ϶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. BIND-4¿¡¼´Â °³º° IP¿Í ¼ºê³ÝÀ¸·Î ³ª´©¾îÁø ºí·°¿¡ ´ëÇØ "IP&Mask"ÀÇ Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î ¸ñ·ÏÀ» ÀÛ¼ºÇϸç, Ŭ·¡½º Àüü¸¦ Çã¿ëÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÒ °æ¿ì¿£ '210.105.79.0'°ú °°ÀÌ ¸¶½ºÅ©¸¦ »ý·«ÇÏ¿©µµ µÈ´Ù.
options { allow-transfer { localnets; 210.105.79.3; }; };
BIND-8ÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡ ÇØ´ç ¼¹ö°¡ ¼ÓÇÑ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿Í, 210.105.79.3¸¸À» Çã¿ëÇÑ ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù. localnets´Â ¿¹¾à¾îÀÌ¸ç ´Ù¸¥ ¿¹¾à¾î·Î´Â any, none, localhost °¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
nslookupÀº ½ÇÇà½Ã '~/.nslookuprc' ÆÄÀÏÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇϸé, ³»¿ëÀ» ÀÐ¾î ¿É¼ÇÀ» Á¶Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. ¸Å¹ø ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¸é, º» ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÅëÇØ °£ÆíÈÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ú´Ù.
* .nslookuprc ÆÄÀÏ ¿¹ set type=NS set nosearch set debug
Dig(Domain Information Groper)ÀÇ »ç¿ë¹ýÀ» Á¶±Ý¸¸ ¤¾îº¸µµ·Ï ÇÏÀÚ. 'nslookup'°úÀÇ ±â´ÉÀû Â÷ÀÌ´Â Å©°Ô ¾øÁö¸¸, »ç¿ëÀÌ °£°áÇÏ°í, Ãâ·ÂÀÌ »ó¼¼ÇÏ¿©, Shell Scriptµî¿¡¼ ÁÖ·Î »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½Àº ns.kornet.ne.krÀ» ÅëÇØ www.nobreak.comÀÇ A ·¹Äڵ带 °Ë»öÇÑ °á°úÀÌ´Ù.
$ dig [@³×ÀÓ¼¹ö] µµ¸ÞÀÎ [Äõ¸®Å¸ÀÔ] [+Äõ¸®¿É¼Ç] $ dig @ns.kornet.ne.kr www.nobreak.com A ;; ANSWER SECTION: www.nobreak.com. 16h12m36s IN CNAME ns.nobreak.com. ns.nobreak.com. 1d19h12m27s IN A 210.105.79.2 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: nobreak.com. 22h17m35s IN NS ns.nobreak.com. nobreak.com. 22h17m35s IN NS ftp2.nobreak.com. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns.nobreak.com. 1d19h12m27s IN A 210.105.79.2 ftp2.nobreak.com. 1d1h46m58s IN A 210.105.79.3
DIG´Â Äõ¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °á°ú¸¦ ANSWER SECTION¿¡, ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ÀÎÁõÀ» °®´Â ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö Á¤º¸¸¦ AUTHORITY SECTION¿¡, ±×¸®°í, ±Û·ç·¹ÄÚµå µîÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì ±×¿¡´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ADDITIONAL SECTION¿¡ Ãâ·ÂÇÏ¿© ÁØ´Ù.
Dnswalk´Â Perl·Î Á¦ÀÛµÈ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®·Î½á Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â È£½ºÆ®¸¦ °¡¸£Å°´Â MX, PTRÀÌ ¾ø´Â A, À߸øµÈ CNAME, À¯È¿ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº À̸§¹®ÀÚ, ´©¶ôµÈ Æ®·¹Àϸµ µµÆ®, ºÒÇʿ䳪 ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå, Lame Delegation µî Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽ºÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¿À·ù¸¦ ã¾ÆÁØ´Ù. ¹Ìó ¹ß°ßÄ¡ ¸øÇÑ ¹®Á¦Á¡À» Áø´ÜÇϴµ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. DnswalkÀÇ ÃֽŠ¹öÁ¯Àº ´ÙÀ½ ÁÖ¼Ò¿¡¼ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
$ dnswalk -raFl freebsd.org. Checking freebsd.org. Getting zone transfer of freebsd.org. from ns2.iafrica.com...done. SOA=implode.root.com contact=hostmaster.freebsd.org FAIL: Cannot get SOA record for pt.freebsd.org from zeus.ci.ua.pt (lame?): Connection refused BAD: lv.freebsd.org NS ns.fasts.com: lame NS delegation BAD: eu.freebsd.org NS server.zsb.th-darmstadt.de: unknown host WARN: irc3.freebsd.org CNAME irc.nocturnal.net: CNAME (to nocturnal.net) WARN: ns.th.freebsd.org A 203.154.230.20: no PTR record WARN: irc2.freebsd.org CNAME va.i-Plus.net: unknown host 1 failures, 3 warnings, 1 errors.
Dnswalk´Â °Ë»ç¸¦ ¼öÇàÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» Zone Transfer ÇÑ ÈÄ ³»ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î Dig¿Í Resolver ·çƾÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. DelegationµÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» µû¶ó°¡¸ç °Ë»ç¸¦ ÇàÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ °Å´ë µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» °ü¸®ÇÑ´Ù¸é ÇѹøÂë »ç¿ëÇغ½Á÷ ÇÏ´Ù.
FQDNÀº ¸íÈ®ÇÑ µµ¸ÞÀΠǥ±â¹ýÀ» ĪÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹·Î ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ¼³Ä¡ Áß µµ¸ÞÀθíÀ» ¿ä±¸Çϸé, 'YAHOO.COM.'À» ÀÔ·ÂÇÒÁö, 'WWW.YAHOO.COM.'À» ÀÔ·ÂÇÒÁö ¸ðÈ£ÇÏ´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¸ðÈ£¼ºÀ» ÇÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ FQDNÀ̶õ ´Ü¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϸç, ÀÌ´Â Namespace °èÃþ»ó¿¡¼ ÃÖÁ¾ È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â µµ¸ÞÀθíÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù.
¿øÄ¢ÀûÀ¸·Î µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ Ç¥±â´Â ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º»óÀÇ °æ·Î¸¦ ¸íÈ®È÷ Çϱâ À§ÇØ ³¡¿¡ µµÆ®('.' ·çÆ® µµ¸ÞÀÎ)¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÏÁö¸¸, º¸Åë µµÆ®¸¦ »ý·«ÇÏ°í »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
DNS´Â Domain Name SystemÀÇ ¾àÀڷνá, ºÐ»ê ³×ÀÌ¹Ö ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. Á¶±Ý ½±°Ô Ç®¾îº¸¸é, µµ¸ÞÀθíÀ» IP ÁÖ¼Ò·Î º¯È¯ÇØÁÖ´Â ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀÌ´Ù. Áï, ÀÎÅͳݿ¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ¼ö¸¹Àº ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö´Â °¢°¢ µµ¸ÞÀÎ °èÃþ»óÀÇ ÀϺκÐÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ°í, Á¤º¸¸¦ ¿ä±¸Çϴ Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ® Resolver´Â ±ÔÄ¢¿¡ µû¶ó ºÐ»êµÈ ÀÚ·áÁß ¿øÇÏ´Â Á¤º¸¸¦ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛ, ÀÌ °ÍÀ» DNS ¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù.
BIND´Â Berkeley Internet Name DomainÀÇ ¾àÀÚ·Î, DNS¸¦ ±¸ÇöÇÑ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾îÀÇ ÇϳªÀ̸é¼, '¿öÅ©¸Ç'À̶õ ´Ü¾îó·³ DNS¸¦ ±¸ÇöÇÑ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¸¦ ĪÇÏ´Â ´ë¸í»ç·Î ¾²À̱⵵ ÇÑ´Ù. BIND´Â °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç Ç÷§Æû¿¡ Æ÷ÆõǾú°í, °¡Àå ³Î¸® »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
BIND´Â 1999³â 1¿ù ÇöÀç BIND-4¿Í BIND-8ÀÇ µÎ °¡Áö°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. 1998³â 5¿ù 11ÀÏ ÃÖÁ¾ ¹öÀü 4.9.7ÀÌ ¸±¸®ÁîµÇ¸ç ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ BIND-4 °¡Áö´Â ¸¶°¨µÇ¾ú°í, BIND-8 °¡Áö´Â ÇöÀç 8.2¸¦ ¸±¸®ÁîÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. BIND-8Àº RFC2136, RFC1996À» ¼ö·ÅÇÏ¿© ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁò°ú º¸¾ÈÀÌ Å©°Ô °³¼±µÇ¾î ¹ßÇ¥µÇ¾ú´Ù. Á¡ÁøÀûÀ¸·Î BIND-8·Î ¿Å°Ü°¥ Å×Áö¸¸, ÇöÀç ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¸Þ´ÏÀú¿Í OS º¥´õ°¡ ¿À·£±â°£ °ËÁõµÈ BIND-4¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, µÎ °¡Áö´Â ¾ÕÀ¸·Îµµ »ó´ç±â°£ °øÁ¸ÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óµÈ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÁÖ È帧Àº BIND-8·Î ³Ñ¾î°¡°í ÀÖ´Ù.
BIND-4¿Í BIND-8ÀÇ ¿ÜºÎÀûÀÎ Â÷ÀÌ´Â, ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀÇ º¯ÈÀÌ´Ù. BIND-4¿¡¼´Â ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀÌ named.boot ÀÌ°í, BIND-8¿¡¼´Â named.conf ÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ÀÛ¼º ¹æ¹ýµµ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ±âŸ Zone ÆÄÀÏ°ú ij½¬ ÆÄÀÏ µîÀº µ¿ÀÏÇϹǷÎ, BIND-4¿¡¼ BIND-8·ÎÀÇ ¸¶À̱׷¹À̼ÇÀº ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ°í, ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÄÁ¹öÆÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î Á·ÇÏ´Ù.
º¸Åë µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ̶ó Çϸé ÆÛºí¸¯ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ¾îµð¿¡¼³ª Á¢¼ÓÀÌ °¡´ÉÇϵµ·Ï ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º °¡Áö »ó¿¡ ³õ¿©ÀÖ´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. Áï, ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º»ó¿¡ ¸µÅ© µÇÁö ¾ÊÀº µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ ±¸ÃàÇÏ¿©µµ ÇØ´ç ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ °ÅÃÄ Á÷Á¢ resolvingÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°ï ãÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Â Æó¼â µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ µÈ´Ù. »ç³»¿¡¼ º¸¾ÈµîÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯·Î °£È¤ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
CNAMEÀÇ »ç¿ë ¿©ºÎ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸¹Àº DNS Àü¹®°¡µéÀº ´Ù¸¥ ÀÇ°ßÀ» º¸ÀδÙ. A ·¹Äڵ常À» »ç¿ëÇÏÀÚ´Â ÀÇ°ßµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ƯÈ÷, CNAMEÀÌ CNAMEÀ» Æ÷ÀÎÆÃÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â °ü·Ã ÀڷḶ´Ù 'µÈ´Ù/¾ÈµÈ´Ù' ½ÄÀÇ ÀúÀÚ ÀÇ°ßÀÌ µé¾î°¡ ÀÖ°í, Ãʱâ RFC¿¡¼´Â À̸¦ ±ÝÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, BIND implementationÀº À̸¦ Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î º¸¾È È®´ëÇÏ°í Àִµ¥ À̴ Ÿ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ¼ºñ½º¸¦ AliasingÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿©, CNAME ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ¸Å¿ì À¯¿ëÇÑ °ÍÀÌ »ç½ÇÀÌ°í ƯÁ¤ È£½ºÆ®ÀÇ IP°¡ º¯°æµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ °ü·ÃµÈ ·¹Äڵ带 ã¾Æ´Ù´Ï¸ç ¼öÁ¤À» Çϱ⠺¸´Ù´Â, CNAMEÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ÁÖ ·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ ¼öÁ¤ ³»¿ªÀ» Æı޽ÃÅ°´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿©·¯¸ð·Î Æí¸®ÇÏ°í È¿À²ÀûÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. CNAME ·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ ¿ë¹ý(MX, SOA, NSµîÀÇ ·¹ÄÚµå¿Í ¿¬°áÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â°Í)¸¸ ÁؼöÇÑ´Ù¸é CNAMEÀº ¸Å¿ì À¯¿ëÇÏ°Ô È°¿ë µÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸®¶ó »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù.
ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ±ÔÄ¢À» ÁؼöÇØ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ ÀÛ¼ºÇÏ¸é ½Ç¼ö¸¦ ÁÙÀ̴µ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ´Ù.
ftp IN MX mail www IN CNAME power ftp.nobreak.com. IN MX mail.nobreak.com. www.nobreak.com. IN CNAME power.nobreak.com.
ȤÀº ÁÂÃøÀº È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ» ¿ìÃø¿£ FQDN Ç¥±âÇÑ´Ù. Ÿ ±â°üÀÇ È£½ºÆ®¸¦ CNAMEÀ¸·Î ¿¬°áÇÒ °æ¿ì°¡ Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ Á»´õ ÀϹÝÀûÀÌ°í ¸¹ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
ftp IN MX mail.nobreak.com. www IN CNAME power.nobreak.com.
±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå´Â NS ·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ ÀÎÀÚ·Î ÁÖ¾îÁö´Â A ·¹Äڵ带 ¸»Çϸç, ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¿¡ ºÎÆ®½ºÆ®·¦ Á¤º¸¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ °æ¿ì 'ns.nms.nobreak.com'ÀÌ ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµåÀÌ´Ù.
nms.nobreak.com. IN NS ns.nms.nobreak.com. ns.nms.nobreak.com. IN A 150.183.110.2 ; ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå
ÇÏÁö¸¸, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¿ÜºÎ¿¡¼ °ü¸®µÇ´Â ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö 'ns.kr.freebsd.org'·Î µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» À§ÀÓÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¿£, 'freebsd.org'ÀÇ NS¿¡¼ ±Û·Î ·¹ÄÚµå 'ns.kr.freebsd.org'°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì Á¤ÀǵǾî ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå 'ns.nms.nobreak.com'¿¡ 'ns.kr.freebsd.org'ÀÇ IP¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¿© ºÎÆ®½ºÆ®·¦ Á¤º¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©¼´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù.
nms.nobreak.com. IN NS ns.nms.nobreak.com. ; (X) Áߺ¹µÈ ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå ns.nms.nobreak.com. IN A 210.105.79.2
nms.nobreak.com. IN NS ns.kr.freebsd.org. ; (O) ¹Ù¸¥ »ç¿ë
À̸¦ Áߺ¹µÈ ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå¶ó Çϸç, Áߺ¹µÈ ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ »õ·Î¿î IP ÁÖ¼Ò·Î ¿Å°Ü°¡°Å³ª ¾ø¾îÁö´Â °ÍÀ» ¾î·Æ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º»ó¿¡ À¯ÀÏÇÏ°Ô À¯ÁöµÇ´Â°ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù.
Lame delegationÀ̶õ Namespace »ó¿¡¼ ±ú¾îÁø ¸µÅ©¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
nms.nobreak.com IN NS ns.nms.nobreak.com. IN NS ns2.nms.nobreak.com.
¿¹¸¦µé¾î 'nms.nobreak.com'ÀÌ À§¿Í °°ÀÌ µÎ °³ÀÇ ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ °®À¸³ª, µÎ ¼¹ö Áß Çϳª ȤÀº ¸ðµÎ°¡ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ Authority¸¦ °®Áö ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ì, Áï Primary, Secondary ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ¾ÈµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì°¡ Lame delegation¿¡ ÇØ´çµÈ´Ù.
Name Server´Â ÁúÀÇ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °á°ú¸¦ ij½¬¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÏ°í Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ °°Àº ÁúÀÇ°¡ ¿ä±¸µÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ Namespace¸¦ µÚÁöÁö ¾Ê°í ij½¬ÀÇ ÀÚ·á·Î ºü¸£°Ô ÀÀ´äÇÑ´Ù. ij½¬ÀÇ ÀÚ·á´Â Resolving½Ã ¾òÀº TTL(Time To Live) ½Ã°£ µ¿¾È¿¡¸¸ À¯È¿ÇÏ°í, TTL °æ°úÈÄ¿¡´Â ÆıâµÈ´Ù. Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®ÀÇ µµ¸ÞÀÎ Resolving ¿äû½Ã ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö°¡ ij½¬ÀÇ ÀÚ·á·Î ÀÀ´ä ÇÒ °æ¿ì´Â 'Non-authoritative answer'ÀÌ°í, ij½¬¿¡ ÀÚ·á°¡ ¾ø°Å³ª, ÀÚ·áÀÇ TTLÀÌ ¸¸±âµÇ¾î ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ Primary ³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¿¡¼ Á÷Á¢ ÀڷḦ ¾ò¾î ´äº¯À» ÁÖ¾úÀ» °æ¿ì°¡ 'Authoritative answer'ÀÌ´Ù.
½ÇÁ¦ »ýÈ°¿¡¼ Resolving ¿äûÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸¹Àº ºÎºÐ Áߺ¹µÈ´Ù.
$ finger @kfug.kr.freebsd.org $ talk nobreak@kfug.kr.freebsd.org
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