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Routing AlgorithmÀº ³×Æ®¿÷À» ÅëÇÑ ÃÖÀû °æ·Î¸¦ °áÁ¤Çϱâ À§ÇÑ »êÃâ °úÁ¤À¸·Î¼ ³×Æ®¿÷À» ÅëÇØ ¾î¶² Á¤º¸¸¦ Àü¼Û½Ã »ç¿ëÇÒ °æ·Î¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î, Router´Â Åë½ÅÀ» ¿øÇÏ´Â Source¿Í Destination System°£ÀÇ Distance¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.
¿©±â¼ DistanceÀÇ Àǹ̴ Áö¿ªÀû °Å¸®°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ Source¿Í Destination°£ÀÇ Åë½Å½Ã ¹Ýµå½Ã °ÅÃÄ¾ß ÇÒ RouterÀÇ ¼öÀÎ Hopping Account¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Routing AlgorithmÀ¸·Î ±¸ÇöµÇ´Â Routing Protocol¿¡´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î Distance Vector AlgorithmÀÇ RIP, IGRP, EIGRP µîÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Link State Algorithm¿¡´Â OSPF, NLSP µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
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Static Routing AlgorithmÀº °ü¸®ÀÚ°¡ Á÷Á¢ Static Routing Table MappingÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»Çϸç, °ü¸®ÀÚ°¡ º¯°æÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °æ¿ì TableÀÇ ³»¿ëÀÌ º¯°æµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. Staic AlgorithmÀº »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ³×Æ®¿÷ ¼³°è°¡ °£´ÜÇÏ°í ³×Æ®¿÷ Traffic ¿¹ÃøÀÌ ½¬¿î ȯ°æ¿¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ³×Æ®¿÷ÀÇ »óȲÀÌ º¯ÇÏ¿´À» °æ¿ì °ü¸®ÀÚ´Â ´Ù½Ã Àû´çÇÑ È¯°æÀ» ¼³Á¤Çؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.
Dynamic Routing AlgorithmÀº ³×Æ®¿÷ ȯ°æ º¯È Á¤º¸¸¦ ´Éµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿© ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Routing TableÀ» UpdateÇÏ°í »õ·Î¿î Routing Update Message¸¦ ÁÖÀ§¿¡ ¾Ë¸°´Ù. ÀÚ¹ßÀûÀ¸·Î º¯È¿¡ ´ëóÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ °ü¸®Àڴ ȯ°æÀ» ´Ù½Ã ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù.
Routing Protocol¿¡ µû¶ó °°Àº Destination¿¡ º¹¼öÀÇ °æ·ÎÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¿© TrafficÀ» ºÐ»êÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Routing¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Reliability¿Í ó¸®À²À» Á¦°øÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Flat Routing System¿¡¼´Â ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç RouterµéÀÌ µ¿µîÇÑ À§Ä¡¿¡¼ ¼·Î Á¤º¸¸¦ ±³È¯ÇÏ´Â ±¸Á¶¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. RIP, IGRP °°Àº Distance Vector AlgorithmµéÀÌ ÀÌ¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ´Ù. Hierachical Routing SystemÀº Backbone Router¿Í NonBackbone Router¸¦ µÎ¾î Backbone Router¸¦ ÅëÇؼ ¸ñÀûÁö¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÏ´Â ±¸Á¶¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé NodeµéÀ» ³í¸®ÀûÀÎ ±×·ì(Domain)À¸·Î ¹¾î, Domain¿¡¼ DomainÀ¸·Î Åë½Å½Ã DomainÀÇ °æ°èÀ» ÀÌ·ç´Â Backbone Router¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© Åë½ÅÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î Map¿¡ ±Ù°Å¸¦ µÎ°í ¼³°èÇÏ´Â ±¸Á¶·Î OSPF°¡ ÀÌ¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ´Ù.
Source¿¡¼ Destination±îÁö ¹Ì¸® °æ·Î°¡ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾î¼ Router´Â ´ÜÁö Store-and-forward½ÃÅ°´Â Routing AlgorithmÀ» Host-Intelligent AlgorithmÀ̶ó ÇÏ°í, Routing¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸°¡ ¾ø¾î ±×¶§±×¶§ °è»êÇÏ¸é¼ °æ·Î¸¦ ã´Â°ÍÀ» Router-Intelligent¶ó ÇÑ´Ù.
´ÜÁö Domain³»¿¡¼¸¸ RoutingÇÏ´Â °Í°ú Domain»çÀÌ¿¡¼ RoutingÇÏ´Â AlgorithmÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
Link-State AlgorithmÀº Hopping Account´Â ¹°·Ð Cost, Line Speed, Transmission Delay, ³×Æ®¿÷ TopologyµîÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ º¯¼ö¸¦ °í·ÁÇÑ ½Å·Ú¼º ÀÖ´Â Routing TableÀ» ÀÛ¼º À¯ÁöÇϸé¼, Routing Tableȯ°æ Á¤º¸ º¯È½Ã ±× º¯ÈµÈ Á¤º¸¸¸À» °ü·ÃµÈ ³×Æ®¿÷»óÀÇ ¸ðµç Router¿¡ ¾Ë¸²À¸·Î½á Covergence Time°ú ³×Æ®¿÷ Overhead¸¦ °¨¼Ò½ÃÄÑ ÀüüÀûÀÎ ³×Æ®¿÷ Performance¸¦ Çâ»ó½ÃÅ°´Â AlgorithmÀ» ¸»Çϸç, Distance-Vector AlgorithmÀº Smallest Hopping Account(Routing Table Á¤º¸) ¸¦ °®°í ¼ö½Ã·Î ȯ°æÁ¤º¸¸¦ ÀÚµ¿±³È¯ Çϴµ¥, ȯ°æÁ¤º¸ ±³È¯½Ã Routing TableÀÇ Àüü ³»¿ëÀ» ³×Æ®¿÷»óÀÇ ¸ðµç Router·Î Àü¼ÛÇϹǷΠCovergence Time°ú ³×Æ®¿÷ Overhead¸¦ Áõ°¡ ½ÃŲ´Ù.
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Routing Table¿¡´Â Switching Software°¡ ÃÖÀûÀÇ RoutingÀ» À§ÇÑ Á¤º¸°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¤º¸µéÀ» Metrics¶óÇϴµ¥ Routing Algorithm¿¡ µû¶ó ¿©·¯°¡Áö MetircsÀ» °®°í ÀÖ´Ù. °¡Àå ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ Metrics´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
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Routing AlgorithmÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© RoutingÀ» Çϱâ À§Çؼ´Â ¸ÕÀú Routing TableÀ» ÀÛ¼ºÇÏ¿© À¯ÁöÇÏ°í, ¼ö½ÅÇÑ Packet¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ Á¤º¸¿Í Routing TableÀ» ÂüÁ¶ÇÏ¿© ÃÖÀûÀÇ Next HopÀ» ÆÇ´ÜÇÑ ÈÄ Àü¼ÛÇÑ´Ù.
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