Åë½ÅÀÇ ÀÌÇØ 7. ROUTING ALGORITHM

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1. °³ ¿ä

Routing AlgorithmÀº ³×Æ®¿÷À» ÅëÇÑ ÃÖÀû °æ·Î¸¦ °áÁ¤Çϱâ À§ÇÑ »êÃâ °úÁ¤À¸·Î¼­ ³×Æ®¿÷À» ÅëÇØ ¾î¶² Á¤º¸¸¦ Àü¼Û½Ã »ç¿ëÇÒ °æ·Î¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î, Router´Â Åë½ÅÀ» ¿øÇÏ´Â Source¿Í Destination System°£ÀÇ Distance¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.

¿©±â¼­ DistanceÀÇ Àǹ̴ Áö¿ªÀû °Å¸®°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ Source¿Í Destination°£ÀÇ Åë½Å½Ã ¹Ýµå½Ã °ÅÃÄ¾ß ÇÒ RouterÀÇ ¼öÀÎ Hopping Account¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Routing AlgorithmÀ¸·Î ±¸ÇöµÇ´Â Routing Protocol¿¡´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î Distance Vector AlgorithmÀÇ RIP, IGRP, EIGRP µîÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Link State Algorithm¿¡´Â OSPF, NLSP µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

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2. ROUTING ALGORITHMÀÌ °®Ãç¾ßÇÒ »çÇ×

  1. ÃÖÀû¼º : ÃÖÀûÀÇ RoutingÀ» À§Çؼ­ Metrics¿Í MetricsÀÇ °¡ÁßÄ¡¸¦ °è»êÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î, Routing Protocol¿¡ µû¶ó MetricsÀÇ °¡ÁßÄ¡¸¦ °è»êÇÏ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀÌ ´Ù¸£´Ù.
  2. ´Ü¼ø¼º : Routing AlgorithmÀº °¡´ÉÇÑ °£´ÜÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ÇÑÁ¤µÈ ȯ°æ(¹°¸®Àû ÀÚ¿ø, Memory, CPU µî)¿¡¼­ ¿î¿µµÇ¾î¾ß ÇϹǷΠÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÃÖ¼ÒÀÇ Software¿Í ÃÖ¼ÒÀÇ Utilization Overhead¸¦ °®°í ±â´ÉÀûÀÎ È¿°ú¸¦ ¾ò¾î¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.
  3. ¾ÈÁ¤¼º : Routing AlgorithmÀº ¿¹Ãø ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ ¿©·¯°¡Áö ȯ°æ(Hardware Fault, High Load, À߸øµÈ ½ÇÇà µî)ÇÏ¿¡¼­µµ Á¤È®ÇÏ°í ¾ÈÁ¤µÇ°Ô ¿î¿µµÇ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. À̸¦ À§ÇÑ ³×Æ®¿÷¿¡¼­ÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ½ÇÇèÀÌ ¿ä±¸µÈ´Ù.
  4. À¯¿¬¼º : Routing AlgorithmÀº ½Å¼ÓÈ÷ º¯È­¿¡ ´ëÀÀÇؾßÇÑ´Ù. ³×Æ®¿÷¿¡ ¾î¶² º¯È­(Router Down, Up µî)°¡ »ý°åÀ» °æ¿ì ½Å¼ÓÇÏ°Ô ÃÖÀû Routes °è»êÇÏ¿© Update ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ°í, UpdateµÈ Á¤º¸¸¦ ½Å¼ÓÇÏ°Ô ¾Ë·Á¾ßÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ½Å¼ÓÇÏ°Ô ´ëóÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ °æ¿ì °°Àº Routing TableÀÌ ³×Æ®¿÷»óÀÇ Router¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ¿© Routing LoopÀ̳ª ³×Æ®¿÷ ÈÞÁöÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀÌµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

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3. ROUTING ALGORITHM TYPES

1) Routing Table °ü¸® ¹æ¹ý¿¡ µû¸¥ ±¸ºÐ
- Static Routing Algorithm°ú Dynamic Routing Algorithm

Static Routing AlgorithmÀº °ü¸®ÀÚ°¡ Á÷Á¢ Static Routing Table MappingÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»Çϸç, °ü¸®ÀÚ°¡ º¯°æÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °æ¿ì TableÀÇ ³»¿ëÀÌ º¯°æµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. Staic AlgorithmÀº »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ³×Æ®¿÷ ¼³°è°¡ °£´ÜÇÏ°í ³×Æ®¿÷ Traffic ¿¹ÃøÀÌ ½¬¿î ȯ°æ¿¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ³×Æ®¿÷ÀÇ »óȲÀÌ º¯ÇÏ¿´À» °æ¿ì °ü¸®ÀÚ´Â ´Ù½Ã Àû´çÇÑ È¯°æÀ» ¼³Á¤Çؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.

Dynamic Routing AlgorithmÀº ³×Æ®¿÷ ȯ°æ º¯È­ Á¤º¸¸¦ ´Éµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿© ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Routing TableÀ» UpdateÇÏ°í »õ·Î¿î Routing Update Message¸¦ ÁÖÀ§¿¡ ¾Ë¸°´Ù. ÀÚ¹ßÀûÀ¸·Î º¯È­¿¡ ´ëóÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ °ü¸®Àڴ ȯ°æÀ» ´Ù½Ã ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù.

2) ¼³Á¤ °æ·Î¼ö¿¡ µû¸¥ ±¸ºÐ
- Single-Path ¹æ½Ä°ú Multipath ¹æ½Ä

Routing Protocol¿¡ µû¶ó °°Àº Destination¿¡ º¹¼öÀÇ °æ·ÎÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¿© TrafficÀ» ºÐ»êÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Routing¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Reliability¿Í ó¸®À²À» Á¦°øÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

3) Router ±¸¼º ¹æ¹ý¿¡ µû¸¥ ±¸ºÐ
- Flat Routing System°ú Hierachical Routing System

Flat Routing System¿¡¼­´Â ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç RouterµéÀÌ µ¿µîÇÑ À§Ä¡¿¡¼­ ¼­·Î Á¤º¸¸¦ ±³È¯ÇÏ´Â ±¸Á¶¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. RIP, IGRP °°Àº Distance Vector AlgorithmµéÀÌ ÀÌ¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ´Ù. Hierachical Routing SystemÀº Backbone Router¿Í NonBackbone Router¸¦ µÎ¾î Backbone Router¸¦ ÅëÇؼ­ ¸ñÀûÁö¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÏ´Â ±¸Á¶¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.

´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé NodeµéÀ» ³í¸®ÀûÀÎ ±×·ì(Domain)À¸·Î ¹­¾î, Domain¿¡¼­ DomainÀ¸·Î Åë½Å½Ã DomainÀÇ °æ°èÀ» ÀÌ·ç´Â Backbone Router¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© Åë½ÅÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î Map¿¡ ±Ù°Å¸¦ µÎ°í ¼³°èÇÏ´Â ±¸Á¶·Î OSPF°¡ ÀÌ¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ´Ù.

4) °æ·Î¼³Á¤ ¹æ¹ý¿¡ µû¸¥ ±¸ºÐ
- Host-Intelligent Algorithm°ú Router-Intelligent Algorithm

Source¿¡¼­ Destination±îÁö ¹Ì¸® °æ·Î°¡ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î À־ Router´Â ´ÜÁö Store-and-forward½ÃÅ°´Â Routing AlgorithmÀ» Host-Intelligent AlgorithmÀ̶ó ÇÏ°í, Routing¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸°¡ ¾ø¾î ±×¶§±×¶§ °è»êÇϸ鼭 °æ·Î¸¦ ã´Â°ÍÀ» Router-Intelligent¶ó ÇÑ´Ù.

5) Routing ¹üÀ§¿¡ µû¸¥ ±¸ºÐ
- Intradomain Routing°ú Interdomain Routing

´ÜÁö Domain³»¿¡¼­¸¸ RoutingÇÏ´Â °Í°ú Domain»çÀÌ¿¡¼­ RoutingÇÏ´Â AlgorithmÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

6) ȯ°æÁ¤º¸ ±³È¯¹æ¹ý¿¡ µû¸¥ ±¸ºÐ
- Link-State Algorithm°ú Distance Vector Algorithm

Link-State AlgorithmÀº Hopping Account´Â ¹°·Ð Cost, Line Speed, Transmission Delay, ³×Æ®¿÷ TopologyµîÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ º¯¼ö¸¦ °í·ÁÇÑ ½Å·Ú¼º ÀÖ´Â Routing TableÀ» ÀÛ¼º À¯ÁöÇϸ鼭, Routing Tableȯ°æ Á¤º¸ º¯È­½Ã ±× º¯È­µÈ Á¤º¸¸¸À» °ü·ÃµÈ ³×Æ®¿÷»óÀÇ ¸ðµç Router¿¡ ¾Ë¸²À¸·Î½á Covergence Time°ú ³×Æ®¿÷ Overhead¸¦ °¨¼Ò½ÃÄÑ ÀüüÀûÀÎ ³×Æ®¿÷ Performance¸¦ Çâ»ó½ÃÅ°´Â AlgorithmÀ» ¸»Çϸç, Distance-Vector AlgorithmÀº Smallest Hopping Account(Routing Table Á¤º¸) ¸¦ °®°í ¼ö½Ã·Î ȯ°æÁ¤º¸¸¦ ÀÚµ¿±³È¯ Çϴµ¥, ȯ°æÁ¤º¸ ±³È¯½Ã Routing TableÀÇ Àüü ³»¿ëÀ» ³×Æ®¿÷»óÀÇ ¸ðµç Router·Î Àü¼ÛÇϹǷΠCovergence Time°ú ³×Æ®¿÷ Overhead¸¦ Áõ°¡ ½ÃŲ´Ù.

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4. METRICS

Routing Table¿¡´Â Switching Software°¡ ÃÖÀûÀÇ RoutingÀ» À§ÇÑ Á¤º¸°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¤º¸µéÀ» Metrics¶óÇϴµ¥ Routing Algorithm¿¡ µû¶ó ¿©·¯°¡Áö MetircsÀ» °®°í ÀÖ´Ù. °¡Àå ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ Metrics´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.

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5. ROUTING

Routing AlgorithmÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© RoutingÀ» Çϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â ¸ÕÀú Routing TableÀ» ÀÛ¼ºÇÏ¿© À¯ÁöÇÏ°í, ¼ö½ÅÇÑ Packet¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ Á¤º¸¿Í Routing TableÀ» ÂüÁ¶ÇÏ¿© ÃÖÀûÀÇ Next HopÀ» ÆÇ´ÜÇÑ ÈÄ Àü¼ÛÇÑ´Ù.

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