class Animal: def reply(self): self.speak() def speak(self): print 'spam' class Mammal(Animal): def speak(self): print 'huh?' class Cat(Mammal): def speak(self): print 'meow' class Dog(Mammal): def speak(self): print 'bark' class Primate(Mammal): def speak(self): print 'Hello world!' class Hacker(Primate): pass