The interpolation operator interpolates a signal by an integer factor
. For frequency-domain signals
,
,
we may write spectral interpolation as follows:
Since
is initially only defined over the
roots of unity, while
is defined over
roots of unity, we
define
for
by ideal bandlimited interpolation.
For time-domain signals , interpolation is similarly defined to
be bandlimited interpolation, as derived in Appendix D.