Internet Draft
Network Working Group                                Peter Ashwood-Smith
Internet Draft                                                 Yanhe Fan
Expiration Date: December 2000                     Nortel Networks Corp.

                                                           Ayan Banerjee
                                                              John Drake
                                                        Jonathan P. Lang
                                                        Calient Networks

                                                              Lou Berger
                                                    LabN Consulting, LLC

                                                          Greg Bernstein
                                                       Ciena Corporation

                                                        Kireeti Kompella
                                                  Juniper Networks, Inc.

                                                             Eric Mannie
                                                    GTS Network Services

                                                        Bala Rajagopalan
                                                           Debanjan Saha
                                                              Z. Bo Tang
                                                           Tellium, Inc.

                                                           Yakov Rekhter
                                                           cisco Systems

                                                           Vishal Sharma
                                                                 Tellabs

                                                               June 2000


          Generalized MPLS - Signaling Functional Description


            draft-ashwood-generalized-mpls-signaling-00.txt

Status of this Memo

   This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with
   all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.  Internet-Drafts are working
   documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas,
   and its working groups.  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.




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   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
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   To view the current status of any Internet-Draft, please check the
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   Directory, see http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.

Abstract

   This document describes extensions to MPLS signaling required to
   support Generalized MPLS.  Generalized MPLS extends MPLS to encompass
   time-division (e.g. SONET ADMs), wavelength (optical lambdas) and
   spatial switching (e.g. incoming port or fiber to outgoing port or
   fiber).  This document presents a functional description of the
   extensions.  Protocol specific formats and mechanisms are currently
   included in this draft but are expected to be split out into
   separate, per protocol documents.
































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Contents

 1    Introduction  ................................................   4
 2    Overview   ...................................................   5
 3    Label Related Formats   ......................................   7
 3.1  Generalized Label Request  ...................................   7
 3.2  Generalized Label  ...........................................  11
 3.3  Waveband Switching  ..........................................  16
 3.4  Suggested Label  .............................................  18
 3.5  Label Set  ...................................................  19
 4    Bidirectional LSPs  ..........................................  22
 4.1  Required Information  ........................................  23
 4.2  Procedures  ..................................................  23
 4.3  Contention Resolution  .......................................  24
 5    Notification  ................................................  26
 5.1  Notify Message  ..............................................  26
 5.2  Non-Adjacent Message Bundling  ...............................  27
 6    Egress Control  ..............................................  28
 6.1  Required Information  ........................................  28
 6.2  Procedures  ..................................................  30
 7    Acknowledgments  .............................................  30
 8    Security Considerations  .....................................  31
 9    References  ..................................................  31
10    Authors' Addresses  ..........................................  32
























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Changes from previous version:

o  First revision.


1. Introduction

   The Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) architecture [MPLS-ARCH] has
   been defined to support the forwarding of data based on a label. In
   this architecture, Label Switching Routers (LSRs) were assumed to
   have a forwarding plane that is capable of (a) recognizing either
   packet or cell boundaries, and (b) being able to process either
   packet headers (for LSRs capable of recognizing packet boundaries) or
   cell headers (for LSRs capable of recognizing cell boundaries).

   The original architecture has recently been extended to include LSRs
   whose forwarding plane recognizes neither packet, nor cell
   boundaries, and therefore, can't forward data based on the
   information carried in either packet or cell headers. Specifically,
   such LSRs include devices where the forwarding decision is based on
   time slots, wavelengths, or physical ports.

   Given the above, LSRs, or more precisely interfaces on LSRs, can be
   subdivided into the following classes:

   1. Interfaces that recognize packet/cell boundaries and can forward
      data based on the content of the packet/cell header.  Examples
      include interfaces on routers that forward data based on the
      content of the "shim" header, interfaces on ATM-LSRs that forward
      data based on the ATM VPI/VCI.  Such interfaces are referred to as
      Packet-Switch Capable (PSC).

   2. Interfaces that forward data based on the data's time slot in a
      repeating cycle.  An example of such an interface is an interface
      on a SONET Cross-Connect.  Such interfaces are referred to as
      Time-Division Multiplex Capable (TDM).

   3. Interfaces that forward data based on the wavelength on which the
      data is received.  An example of such an interface is an interface
      on an Optical Cross-Connect that can operate at the level of an
      individual wavelength.  Such interfaces are referred to as Lambda
      Switch Capable (LSC).

   4. Interfaces that forward data based on a position of the data in
      the real world physical spaces.  An example of such an interface
      is an interface on an Optical Cross-Connect that can operate at
      the level of a single (or multiple) fibers.  Such interfaces are
      referred to as Fiber-Switch Capable (FSC).



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   Using the concept of nested LSPs (by using label stack) allows the
   system to scale by building a forwarding hierarchy.  At the top of
   this hierarchy are FSC interfaces, followed by LSC interfaces,
   followed by TDM interfaces, followed by PSC interfaces. This way, an
   LSP that starts and ends on a PSC interface can be nested (together
   with other LSPs) into an LSP that starts and ends on a TDM interface.
   This LSP, in turn, can be nested (together with other LSPs) into an
   LSP that starts and ends on a LSC interface, which in turn can be
   nested (together with other LSPs) into an LSP that starts and ends on
   a FSC interface.  See [MPLS-HIERARCHY] for more information on LSP
   hierarchies.

   The establishment of LSPs that span only the first class of
   interfaces is defined in the [LDP, CR-LDP, RSVP-TE].  This document
   presents the extensions needed to support all four classes of
   interfaces.

   This document currently includes data formats for both CR-LDP and
   RSVP-TE extensions. A future version of this document is expected to
   move these protocol specific formats to per protocol drafts.


2. Overview

   Generalized MPLS differs from traditional MPLS in that it supports
   multiple types of switching, i.e., the addition of support for TDM,
   lambda, and fiber (port) switching.  The support for the additional
   types of switching has driven generalized MPLS to extend certain base
   functions of traditional MPLS and, in some cases, to add
   functionality.  These changes and additions impact basic LSP
   properties, how labels are requested and communicated, the
   unidirectional nature of LSPs, how errors are propagated, and
   information provided for synchronizing the ingress and egress.

   In traditional MPLS Traffic Engineering, links traversed by an LSP
   can include an intermix of links with heterogeneous label encodings.
   For example, an LSP may span links between routers, links between
   routers and ATM-LSRs, and links between ATM-LSRs.  Generalized MPLS
   extends this by including links where the label is encoded as a time
   slot, or a wavelength, or a position in the real world physical
   space.  Just like with traditional MPLS TE, where not all LSRs are
   capable of recognizing (IP) packet boundaries (e.g., an ATM-LSR) in
   their forwarding plane, generalized MPLS includes support for LSRs
   that can't recognize (IP) packet boundaries in their forwarding
   plane.  In traditional MPLS TE an LSP that carries IP has to start
   and end on a router.  Generalized MPLS extends this by requiring an
   LSP to start and end on similar type of LSRs.  Also, in generalized
   MPLS the type of a payload that can be carried by an LSP is extended



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   to allow such payloads as SONET/SDH, or 1 or 10Gb Ethernet.  These
   changes from traditional MPLS are reflected in how labels are
   requested and communicated in generalized MPLS, see Sections 3.1 and
   3.2.  A special case of Lambda switching, called Waveband switching
   is also described in Section 3.3.

   Another basic difference between traditional and and non-PSC types of
   generalized MPLS LSPs, is that bandwidth allocation for an LSP can be
   performed only in discrete units, see Section 3.1.1.  There are also
   likely to be (much) fewer labels on non-PSC links than on PSC links.
   Note that the use of Forwarding Adjacencies (FA), see [MPLS-
   HIERARCHY], provides a mechanism that may improve bandwidth
   utilization, when bandwidth allocation can be performed only in
   discrete units, as well as a mechanism to aggregate forwarding state,
   thus allowing the number of required labels to be reduced.

   Generalized MPLS allows for a label to be suggested by an upstream
   node, see Section 3.4.  This suggestion may be overridden by a
   downstream node but, in some cases, at the cost of higher LSP setup
   time.  The suggested label is valuable when establishing LSPs through
   certain kinds of optical equipment where there may be a lengthy (in
   electrical terms) delay in configuring the switching fabric.  For
   example micro mirrors may have to be elevated or moved, and this
   physical motion and subsequent damping takes time.  If the labels and
   hence switching fabric are configured in the reverse direction (the
   norm) the MAPPING/Resv message may need to be delayed by 10's of
   milliseconds per hop in order to establish a usable forwarding path.

   Generalized MPLS extends on the notion of restricting the range of
   labels that may be selected by a downstream node, see Section 3.5.
   In generalized MPLS, an ingress or other upstream node may restrict
   the labels that may be used by an LSP along either a single hop or
   along the whole LSP path.  This feature is driven from the optical
   domain where there are cases where wavelengths used by the path must
   be restricted either to a small subset of possible wavelengths, or to
   one specific wavelength.  This requirement occurs because some
   equipment may only be able to generate a small set of the wavelengths
   that intermediate equipment may be able to switch, or because
   intermediate equipment may not be able to switch a wavelength at all,
   being only able to redirect it to a different fiber.

   While traditional traffic engineered MPLS (and even LDP) are
   unidirectional, generalized MPLS supports the establishment of
   bidirectional LSPs, see Section 4.  The need for bidirectional LSPs
   come from non-PSC applications.  There are multiple reasons why such
   LSPs are needed, particularly possible resource contention when
   allocating reciprocal LSPs via separate signaling sessions, and
   simplifying failure restoration procedures in the non-PSC case.



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   Bidirectional LSPs also have the benefit of lower setup latency and
   lower number of messages required during setup.

   Other features supported by generalized MPLS are rapid failure
   notification, see Section 5, and termination of an LSP on a specific
   egress port, see Section 6.


3. Label Related Formats

   To deal with the widening scope of MPLS into the optical and time
   domain, several new forms of "label" are required.  These new forms
   of label are collectively referred to as a "generalized label".  A
   generalized label contains enough information to allow the receiving
   node to program its cross connect, regardless of the type of this
   cross connect, such at the ingress segments of the path are properly
   joined.  This section defines a generalized label request, a
   generalized label, support for waveband switching, suggested label
   and label sets.

   Note that since the nodes sending and receiving the new form of label
   know what kinds of link they are using, the generalized label does
   not contain a type field, instead the nodes are expected to know from
   context what type of label to expect.


3.1. Generalized Label Request

   The Generalized Label Request supports communication of
   characteristics required to support the LSP being requested.  These
   characteristics include desired link protection, LSP encoding, and
   LSP payload.

   The Generalized Label Request indicates the link protection type
   desired for the LSP.  If a particular protection type, i.e., 1+1, or
   1:N, is requested, then a connection request is processed only if the
   desired protection type can be honored.  Note that the protection
   capabilities of a link may be advertised in routing, see [OMPLS-ISIS,
   OMPLS-OSPF].  Path computation algorithms may take this information
   into account when computing paths for setting up LSPs.

   The Generalized Label Request also carries an LSP encoding parameter,
   called LSP Encoding Type.  This parameter indicates the encoding
   type, e.g., SONET/SDH/GigE etc., that will be used with the data
   associated with the LSP.  The LSP Encoding Type represents the nature
   of the LSP, and not the nature of the links that the LSP traverses.
   A link may support a set of encoding formats, where support means
   that a link is able to carry and switch a signal of one or more of



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   these encoding formats depending on the resource availability and
   capacity of the link.  For example, consider an LSP signaled with
   "photonic" encoding.   It is expected that such an LSP would be
   supported with no electrical conversion and no knowledge of the
   modulation and speed by the transit nodes.  If the bit rate is known
   but not the modulation then a Clear encoding suffixed with the rate
   may be signaled.  For example, a bit rate of OC-1 but an encoding
   type of clear can be signaled.  The transit nodes would not look at
   the frames, but would know the bit rate and as a result can do OEO
   switching but not OXO switching.  All other formats require framing
   knowledge, and field parameters are broken into the framing type and
   speed as shown below.  A REQUEST/Path message SHOULD contain as
   specific a LSP Encoding Type as possible to allow the maximum
   flexibility in switching by transit LSRs.


3.1.1. Required Information

   The Generalized Label Request object/TLV carries the desired
   information, the format of which is as follows:

   The format of a Generalized Label Request (in RSVP) is:

        0                   1                   2                   3
        0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |            Length             | Class Num (19)|   C_Type (5)  |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                    Reserved                   |Link Prot. Type|
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |        LSP Encoding Type      |             G-PID             |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   The format of a Generalized Labels (in CR-LDP) is:

        0                   1                   2                     3
        0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |U|F|          0x0901           |             Length            |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                    Reserved                   |Link Prot. Type|
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |        LSP Encoding Type      |             G-PID             |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+







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      Link Protection Type: 8 bits

         Indicates the desired link protection type of the connection
         setup.  A value of 0 implies that this connection does not care
         about the available protection type.  Other values are defined
         in the [OMPLS-ISIS, OMPLS-OSPF] draft, which also defines how
         link protection capabilities may be advertised.

      LSP Encoding Type: 16 bits

         Indicates the required encoding.  This field is set by the
         ingress node, transparently passed by transit nodes, and used
         by the egress node.  The following shows permitted values and
         their meaning:

                  Value   Bit Rate  Encoding
                  -----   --------  --------
                     0      N/A      Packets
                         OC-     SONET   1 <=  <= 3072
             3072 +     STS-       SDH   1 <=  <= 3072
             6144 +      OC-     Clear   1 <=  <= 3072

                   9217        DS0       DS0
                   9218        DS1       DS1
                   9219         E1        E1
                   9220        DS2       DS2
                   9221         E2        E2
                   9222        DS3       DS3
                   9223         E3        E3
                   9224         J3        J3
                   9225        DS4       DS4
                   9226         E4        E4
                   9227         J4        J4
                   9228      1Gbps      GigE
                   9229     10Gbps    10GigE

                   9230     VT-1.5/TU-11;
                   9231     VT-2/TU-12;
                   9232     VT-3;
                   9233     VT-6/TU-2;
                   9234     TU-3;
                   9235     Photonic Lambda
                   9236     Photonic Waveband








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      Generalized PID (G-PID): 16 bits

         An identifier of the payload carried by an LSP.  Standard
         Ethertype values are used (with new Ethertype values defined as
         needed).  This field is set by the ingress node, transparently
         passed by transit nodes, and used by the egress node.


3.1.2. Procedures

   A node processing the Path/REQUEST message containing the Generalized
   Label Request must verify that the requested parameters can be
   satisfied by the node and by the outgoing interface.  The node may
   either directly support the LSP or it may use a tunnel (FA), i.e.,
   another class of switching.  In either case, each parameter must be
   checked.

   Note that local node policy dictates when tunnels may be used and
   when they may be created.  Local policy may allow for tunnels to be
   dynamically established or may be solely administratively controlled.
   For more information on tunnels and processing of ER hops when using
   tunnels see [MPLS-HIERARCHY].

   Transit nodes MUST verify that the outgoing interface or tunnel can
   support the requested Link Protection Type.  If it cannot, the node
   MUST generate a PathErr/NOTIFICATION message, with a "Routing
   problem/Unsupported Link Protection" indication.

   Transit and egress nodes MUST verify that the node itself and, where
   appropriate, that the outgoing interface or tunnel can support the
   requested LSP Encoding Type.  If encoding cannot be supported, the
   node MUST generate a PathErr/NOTIFICATION message, with a "Routing
   problem/Unsupported Encoding" indication.

   The G-PID parameter is normally only examined at the egress.  If the
   indicated G-PID cannot be supported then the egress MUST generate a
   PathErr/NOTIFICATION message, with a "Routing problem/Unsupported
   GPID" indication.  In the case of PSC and when penultimate hop
   popping (PHP) is requested, the penultimate hop also examines the
   (stored) G-PID during the processing of the Resv/MAPPING message.  In
   this case if the G-PID is not supported, then the penultimate hop
   MUST generate a ResvErr/NOTIFICATION message with a "Routing
   problem/Unacceptable label value" indication.

   When an error message is not generated, normal processing occurs.  In
   the transit case this will typically result in a Path/REQUEST message
   being propagated.  In the egress case and PHP special case this will
   typically result in a Resv/MAPPING message being generated.



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3.2. Generalized Label

   The Generalized Label extends the traditional Label Object in that it
   allows the representation of not only labels which travel in-band
   with associated data packets, but also labels which identify time-
   slots, wavelengths, or space division multiplexed positions.  For
   example, the Generalized Label may carry a label that represents (a)
   a single fiber in a bundle, (b) a single waveband within fiber, (c) a
   single wavelength within a waveband (or fiber), or (d) a set of time-
   slots within a wavelength (or fiber).  It may also carry a label that
   represents a generic MPLS label, a Frame Relay label, or an ATM label
   (VCI/VPI).

   A Generalized Label does not identify the "class" to which the label
   belongs.  This is implicit in the multiplexing capabilities of the
   link on which the label is used.

   A Generalized Label object only carries a single level of label,
   i.e., it is non-hierarchical.  When multiple levels of label (LSPs
   within LSPs) are required, each LSP must be established separately,
   see [MPLS-HIERARCHY].

   The Generalized Label supports link bundling by carrying the identity
   of the component link.  In the presence of link bundling, each
   Generalized Label indicates label(s) within the context of a specific
   component link, which is identified by the Link ID (which is carried
   as part of Generalized Label).  The values used to indicate Link ID
   have local significance between two neighbors.  Procedures for
   determining Link ID are specified elsewhere, see [MPLS-BUNDLE].

   Each Generalized Label object carries a variable length label
   parameter.



















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3.2.1. Required Information


   The format of a Generalized Labels (in RSVP) is:

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |            Length             | Class Num (16)|   C_Type (2)  |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                            Link ID                            |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                             Label                             |
      |                              ...                              |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   The format of a Generalized Labels (in CR-LDP) is:

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |U|F|          0x0902           |      Length                   |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                            Link ID                            |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                             Label                             |
      |                              ...                              |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

      Link ID: 32 bits

         Indicates link on which label is being request, from the
         message sender's perspective.  Used when bundling several
         (parallel) links, see [MPLS-BUNDLE].  MUST be zero when
         bundling is not being used.  Note, values only have
         significance between two neighbors and the receiver may need to
         convert the received value into a value that has local
         significance.

      Label: Variable

         Carries label information.  The semantics of this field depends
         on the type of the link over which the label is used.








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3.2.1.1. SDH Labels

   For SDH time-slots, the format for the label is given below.  If a
   single label is given, that label is the lowest time-slot of a
   contiguously concatenated signal; the bandwidth of the LSP request
   indicates the number of labels to be concatenated to form the SDH
   signal trail.  If there are multiple labels, then the identified
   labels are virtually concatenated to form the SDH signal trail. The
   above representation limits virtual concatenation to remain within a
   single (component) link.

   The format of the label for TDM-LSRs is:

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |               S               |   U   |   K   |   L   |   M   |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   This is an extension of the numbering scheme defined in G.707 section
   7.3, i.e. the (K, L, M) numbering.  Each letter indicates a possible
   branch number starting at the parent node in the naming tree.
   Branches are considered as numbered starting from the high of the
   figure, the numbering starts normally at 1 (0 is used to indicate an
   exception).

   1. S is the index of an STS signal in a multiplex.  For SDH, S=1
      denotes an STM-0 signal; otherwise, S must be a multiple of 3,
      in which case, S/3 is the index of the STM signal.

   2. U indicates a specific VC inside a given STS-1 or STM-1
      signal. U=1 indicates a single VC-4, while U=2->4 indicates a
      specific VC-3 inside the given signal.

   3. K indicates possible branches of a VC-4. It is not meaningful
      for the VC-3 multiplexing and must be 0 in that case. K=1
      indicates that the VC-4 is not further sub-divided. K=2->4
      indicates a specific TUG-3 inside the given VC-4. A multiplex
      entry name with K=0 denotes a VC-3 multiplexing of an STM-1
      (easy to test and read).

   4. L indicates possible branches of either a TUG-3 or a VC-3. In
      the first case, L=1 indicates that the TUG-3 is not further
      sub-divided and contains simply a VC-3. L=2->8 indicates a
      specific TUG-2 inside the given TUG-3. In the second case, L=1
      indicates that the VC-3 is not further sub-divided. L=2->8
      indicates a specific TUG-2 inside the given VC-3.




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   5. M indicates possible branches of a TUG-2. It is not meaningful
      for an unstructured VC-4, TUG-3 or VC-3, it must be 0 in that
      case. M=1 indicates that the TUG-2 is not further sub-divided
      and contains simply a VC-2.  M=2->4 indicates a specific VC-12
      inside the given TUG-2. M=5->8 indicates a specific VC-11
      inside the given TUG-2. A multiplex entry name with M=0 denotes
      a VC-4 or VC-3.


3.2.1.2. SONET Labels

   For SONET time-slots, the format for the label is given below. If a
   single label is given, that label is the lowest time-slot of a
   contiguously concatenated signal; the bandwidth of the LSP request
   indicates the number of labels to be concatenated to form the SONET
   signal trail.  If there are multiple labels, then the identified
   labels are virtually concatenated to form the SONET signal trail. The
   above representation limits virtual concatenation to remain within a
   single (component) link.

   A STS-1 signal can contain seven VT Groups, where each of the VT
   Groups can contain only one type of VT (of the four defined types,
   namely, VT1.5, VT2, VT3, and VT6). Furthermore, a VT Group can
   contain up to four VT1.5s, or three VT2s, or two VT3, or one VT6.

   The format of the label for SONET TDM-LSRs is:

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |               P                                 |  Q  | R | S |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   where, in the tuple (P,Q,R,S), P denotes the STS-1 number in the STS-
   N signal, Q denotes the Virtual Tributary (VT) Group number, R
   defines the VT type (one of VT1.5, VT2, VT3, or VT6), and S denotes
   the VTx number in the VT type.


3.2.1.3. Port and Wavelength Labels

   Some configurations of fiber switching (FSC) and lambda switching
   (LSC) use multiple data channels/links controlled by a single control
   channel.  In such cases the label indicates the data channel/link to
   be used for the LSP.  Note that this case is not the same as when
   [MPLS-BUNDLING] is being used.





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   The format of a Port and Wavelength label is:

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                             Label                             |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

      Label: 32 bits

         Indicates port/fiber or lambda to be used, from the sender's
         perspective.  Values used in this field only have significance
         between two neighbors, and the receiver may need to convert the
         received value into a value that has local significance.
         Values may be configured or dynamically determined using a
         protocol such as [LMP].


3.2.1.4. Other Labels

   Generic MPLS labels and Frame Relay labels are encoded right
   justified aligned in 32 bits (4 octets).  ATM labels are encoded with
   the VPI right justified in bits 0-15 and the VCI right justified in
   bits 16-31.


3.2.2. Procedures

   The Generalized Label travels in the upstream direction in
   MAPPING/Resv messages.

   The presence of both a generalized and normal label object in a
   Path/REQUEST message is a protocol error and should treated as a
   malformed message by the recipient.

   If link bundling is not being used, the Link ID MUST be zero on
   transmission and ignored when received.

   When link bundling is being used, the Link ID MUST contain a non zero
   value which uniquely identifies which link (e.g., fiber, waveband or
   wavelength) is to contain the label(s).  See [MPLS-BUNDLE] for
   details.

   In the case where the the Link ID uniquely identifies the LSP (e.g.,
   wavelength) the label parameter SHOULD be set to zero (0) and MUST be
   ignored when received.

   The recipient of a Resv/MAPPING message containing a Generalized



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   Label verifies that the values passed are acceptable.  If the Link ID
   is being used and the value is unknown, the recipient MUST generate a
   ResvErr/NOTIFICATION message with a "Routing problem/Unknown Link ID"
   indication.  If the combination of the Link ID value (when
   applicable) and label is unacceptable then the recipient MUST
   generate a ResvErr/NOTIFICATION message with a "Routing problem/MPLS
   label allocation failure" indication.


3.3. Waveband Switching

   A special case of lambda switching is waveband switching.  A waveband
   represents a set of contiguous wavelengths which can be switched
   together to a new waveband.  For optimization reasons it may be
   desirable for an optical cross connect to optically switch multiple
   wavelengths as a unit.  This may reduce the distortion on the
   individual wavelengths and may allow tighter separation of the
   individual wavelengths.  The Waveband Label is defined to support
   this special case.

   Waveband switching naturally introduces another level of label
   hierarchy and as such the waveband is treated the same way all other
   upper layer labels are treated.

   As far as the MPLS protocols are concerned there is little difference
   between a waveband label and a wavelength label except that
   semantically the waveband can be subdivided into wavelengths whereas
   the wavelength can only be subdivided into time or statistically
   multiplexed labels.


3.3.1. Required information

   Waveband switching uses the same format as the generalized label, see
   section 3.2.1.  For compatibility reasons, a new RSVP c-type and CR-
   LDP type is assigned for the Waveband Label.















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   In the context of waveband switching, the generalized label has the
   following format:
       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                          Waveband Id                          |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                          Start Label                          |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                           End Label                           |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

      Waveband Id: 32 bits

         A waveband identifier.  The value is selected by the sender and
         reused in all subsequent related messages.

      Start Label: 32 bits

         Indicates the channel identifier, from the sender's
         perspective, of the lowest value wavelength making up the
         waveband.

      End Label: 32 bits

         Indicates the channel identifier, from the sender's
         perspective, of the highest value wavelength making up the
         waveband.

   Channel identifiers are established either by configuration or by
   means of a protocol such as LMP [LMP].  They are normally used in the
   link id parameter of the Generalized Label Request when bundling is
   being used or the label parameter for PSC and LSC links when bundling
   is not being used.


3.3.2. Procedures

   The procedures defined in Section 3.2.2 apply to waveband switching.
   This includes generating a ResvErr/NOTIFICATION message with a
   "Routing problem/MPLS label allocation failure" indication if any of
   the label fields are unrecognized or unacceptable.

   Additionally, when a waveband is switched to another waveband, it is
   possible that the wavelengths within the waveband will be mirrored
   about a center frequency.  When this type of switching is employed,
   the start and end label in the waveband label object MUST be flipped
   before forwarding the label object with the new waveband Id.  In this



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   manner an egress/ingress LSR which receives a waveband label which
   has these values inverted, knows that it must also invert its egress
   association to pick up the proper wavelengths.  Without this
   mechanism and with an odd number of mirrored switching operations,
   the egress LSRs will not know that an input wavelength of say L1 will
   emerge from the waveband tunnel as L100.

   This operation MUST be performed in both directions when a
   bidirectional waveband tunnel is being established.


3.4. Suggested Label

   The Suggested Label is used to provide a downstream node with the
   upstream node's label preference.  This permits the upstream node to
   start configuring it's hardware with the proposed label before the
   label is communicated by the downstream node.  Such early
   configuration is valuable to systems that take non-trivial time to
   establish a label in hardware.  Such early configuration can reduce
   setup latency, and may be important for restoration purposes where
   alternate LSPs may need to be rapidly established as a result of
   network failures.

   The use of Suggested Label is only an optimization.  If a downstream
   node passes a different label upstream, an upstream LSR MUST
   reconfigure itself so that it uses the label specified by the
   downstream node, thereby maintaining the downstream control of a
   label.


3.4.1. Required Information and Processing

   The format of a suggested label is identical to a generalized label.
   It is used in Path/REQUEST messages.  In RSVP the Suggested Label
   uses a new class number (TBD of form 10bbbbbb) and the C-type of the
   label being suggested.  In CR-LDP, Suggested Label uses type = 0x904.

   Errors in received Suggested Labels MUST be ignored.  This includes
   any received inconsistent or unacceptable values.












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3.5. Label Set

   The Label Set is used to limit the label choices of a downstream node
   to a set of acceptable labels.  This limitation applies on a per hop
   basis.

   There are four cases where a Label Set is useful in the optical
   domain.  The first case is where the end equipment is only capable of
   transmitting and receiving on a small specific set of
   wavelengths/bands.  The second case is where there are a sequence of
   interfaces which cannot support wavelength conversion (CI-incapable)
   and require the same wavelength be used end-to-end over a sequence of
   hops, or even an entire path.  The third case is where it is
   desirable to limit the amount of wavelength conversion being
   performed to reduce the distortion on the optical signals.  The last
   case is where two ends of a link support different sets of
   wavelengths.

   Label Set is used to restrict label ranges that may be used for a
   particular LSP between two peers.  The receiver of a Label Set must
   restrict its choice of labels to one which is in the Label Set.  Much
   like a label, a Label Set may be present across multiple hops.  In
   this case each node generates it's own outgoing Label Set, possibly
   based on the incoming Label Set and the node's hardware capabilities.
   This case is expected to be the norm for nodes with conversion
   incapable (CI-incapable) interfaces.

   The use of Label Set is optional, if not present, all labels from the
   valid label range may be used.  Conceptually the absence of a Label
   Set implies a Label Set whose value is {U}, the set of all valid
   labels.


3.5.1. Required Information

   This LabelSet is used in Path/REQUEST messages.

   The data required to support the Label Set consists of a variable
   sized array of labels, or label ranges. These labels are subchannel
   identifiers and MUST lie within the link identified in Generalized
   Label Request.










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   The format of a LabelSet (in RSVP) is:

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |            Length             | Class Num (xx)|C_Type (xx)    |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                    Reserved                   |      Type     |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                           Subchannel                          |
      |                              ...                              |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+


   The format of a LabelSet (in CR-LDP) is:

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |U|F|  type=0x0904              |      Length                   |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                    Reserved                   |      Type     |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                           Subchannel                          |
      |                              ...                              |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

      Type: 2 bits

         0x00 means subchannel is a single element (inclusive)
         0x01 means subchannel is a start element (inclusive)
         0x02 means subchannel is an end element (inclusive)
         0x03 means subchannel is a single element (exclusive)

      Subchannel:

         The subchannel represents the label (wavelength, fiber ... )
         which is eligible for allocation.  This field has the same
         format as described for labels under section 3.2.

         Since subchannel to local channel identifiers (e.g.,
         wavelength) mappings are a local matter, when a Label Set is
         propagated from one node to the next, the subchannels may have
         to be remapped to new subchannel values for consistency.

   A Label Set can be just a series of single elements (Type=0x00)
   sorted in increasing order of subchannel value.




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   A Label Set can be a set of ranges (Type=0x01 followed by Type=0x02).
   The ranges MUST be sorted.  A range which is missing a beginning or
   an end implies no bound where the bound is missing.  A range which
   contains a Type=0x03 (exclusive) means all subchannels in the range
   except that subchannel are eligible.


3.5.2. Procedures

   The absence of a Label Set implies that all labels are acceptable.  A
   Label Set is included when a node wishes to restrict the label(s)
   that may be used downstream.

   On reception of a Path/REQUEST message a CI-capable interface will
   restrict its choice of labels to one which is in the Label Set.  The
   CI-capable receiver may also remove the Label Set prior to forwarding
   the Path/REQUEST message.  If the node is unable to pick a label from
   the Label Set, then the request is terminated and a
   PathErr/NOTIFICATION message with a "Routing problem/Label Set"
   indication MUST be generated. It is a local matter if the Label Set
   is stored for later selection on the RESV/Mapping or if the selection
   is made immediately for propagation in the RESV/Mapping.

   On reception of a Path/REQUEST message for a CI-incapable interface,
   the Label Set in the message is compared against the set of available
   labels at the downstream interface and the resulting intersecting
   Label Set is forwarded in a Path/REQUEST message.  When the resulting
   Label Set is empty, the Path/REQUEST must be terminated, and a
   PathErr/NOTIFICATION message, and a "Routing problem/Label Set"
   indication MUST be generated. Note that intersection is based on the
   physical labels (actual wavelength/band values) which may have
   different logical values on different links, as a result it is the
   responsibility of the node to map these values so that they have a
   consistent physical meaning, or to drop the particular values from
   the set if no suitable logical label value exists.

   On reception of a Resv/MAPPING message at an intermediate node, the
   label to propagate upstream is selected from within the (stored)
   Label Set (preferred) or may be preselected from that set to save
   memory.

   Note, on reception of a Resv/MAPPING message for an interface which
   is CI-incapable it has no other choice than to use the same physical
   label (wavelength/band) as received in the Resv/MAPPING. In this
   case, the use and propagation of a Label Set will significantly
   reduce the chances that this allocation will fail when CI-incapable
   nodes are traversed.




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4. Bidirectional LSPs

   This section defines direct support of bidirectional LSPs.  Support
   is defined for LSPs that have the same traffic engineering
   requirements including fate sharing, protection and restoration, and
   resource requirements (e.g., latency and jitter) in each direction.
   In the remainder of this section, the term "initiator" is used to
   refer to a node that starts the establishment of an LSP and the term
   "terminator" is used to refer to the node that is the target of the
   LSP.  Note that for bidirectional LSPs, there is only one "initiator"
   and one "terminator".

   Normally to establish a bidirectional LSP when using [RSVP-TE] or
   [CR-LDP] two unidirectional paths must be independently established.
   This approach has the following disadvantages:

   * The latency to establish the bidirectional LSP is equal to one
     round trip signaling time plus one initiator-terminator signaling
     transit delay.  This not only extends the setup latency for
     successful LSP establishment, but it extends the worst-case
     latency for discovering an unsuccessful LSP to as much as two
     times the initiator-terminator transit delay.  These delays are
     particularly significant for LSPs that are established for
     restoration purposes.

   * The control overhead is twice that of a unidirectional LSP.
     This is because separate control messages (e.g. Path and Resv)
     must be generated for both segments of the bidirectional LSP.

   * Because the resources are established in separate segments,
     route selection is complicated.  There is also additional
     potential race for conditions in assignment of resources, which
     decreases the overall probability of successfully establishing
     the bidirectional connection.

   * It is more difficult to provide a clean interface for SONET
     equipment that may rely on bidirectional hop-by-hop paths for
     protection switching.  Note that existing SONET gear transmits
     the control information in-band with the data.

   * Bidirectional optical LSPs (or lightpaths) are seen as a
     requirement for many optical networking service providers.

   With bidirectional LSPs both the downstream and upstream data paths,
   i.e., from initiator to terminator and terminator to initiator, are
   established using a single set of Path/REQUEST and Resv/MAPPING
   messages.  This reduces the setup latency to essentially one
   initiator-terminator round trip time plus processing time, and limits



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   the control overhead to the same number of messages as a
   unidirectional LSP.


4.1. Required Information

   For bidirectional LSPs, two labels must be allocated.  Bidirectional
   LSP setup is indicated by the presence of an Upstream Label in the
   REQUEST/Path message.   An Upstream Label has the same format as the
   generalized label, see Section 3.2.  In RSVP the Upstream Label uses
   a new class number (TBD of form 0bbbbbbb) and the C-type of the label
   being suggested.  In CR-LDP, Upstream Label uses type=0x0906



4.2. Procedures

   The process of establishing a bidirectional LSP follows the
   establishment of a unidirectional LSP with some additions.  To
   support bidirectional LSPs an Upstream Label is added to the
   Path/REQUEST message.  The Upstream Label MUST indicate a label that
   is valid for forwarding at the time the Path/REQUEST message is sent.

   When a Path/REQUEST message containing an Upstream Label is received,
   the receiver first verifies that the upstream label is acceptable.
   If the label is not acceptable, the receiver MUST issue a
   PathErr/NOTIFICATION message with a "Routing problem/Unacceptable
   label value" indication.

   An intermediate node must also allocate a label on the outgoing
   interface and establish internal data paths before filling in an
   outgoing Upstream Label and propagating the Path/REQUEST message.  If
   an intermediate node is unable to allocate a label or internal
   resources, then it MUST issue a PathErr/NOTIFICATION message with a
   "Routing problem/Label allocation failure" indication.

   Terminator nodes process Path/REQUEST messages as usual, with the
   exception that the upstream label can immediately be used to
   transport associated data upstream to the initiator.

   When a bidirectional LSP is removed, both upstream and downstream
   labels are invalidated and it is no longer valid to send data using
   the associated labels.








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4.3. Contention Resolution

   Contention for labels may occur between two bidirectional LSP setup
   requests traveling in opposite directions.  This contention occurs
   when both sides allocate the same resources (ports) at effectively
   the same time.  If there is no restriction on the ports that can be
   used for bidirectional LSPs and if there are alternate resources,
   then both nodes will pass different labels upstream and the
   contention will be resolved naturally.  However, if there is a
   restriction on the ports that can be used for the bidirectional LSPs
   (for example, if they must be physically coupled on a single I/O
   card), or if there are no more resources available, then the
   contention must be resolved by other means.  To resolve contention,
   the node with the higher node ID will win the contention and it MUST
   issue a PathErr/NOTIFICATION message with a "Routing problem/Label
   allocation failure" indication.  Upon receipt of such an error, the
   node SHOULD try to allocate a different Upstream label (and a
   different Suggested Label if used) to the bidirectional path.
   However, if no other resources are available, the node must proceed
   with standard error handling.  For the purposes of RSVP contention
   resolution, the node ID is the IP address used in the RSVP_HOP
   object.

   To reduce the probability of contention, one may impose a policy that
   the node with the lower ID never suggests a label in the downstream
   direction and always accepts a Suggested Label from an upstream node
   with a higher ID.  Furthermore, since the label sets are exchanged
   using LMP [LMP], an alternative local policy could further be imposed
   such that (with respect to the higher numbered node's label set) the
   higher numbered node could allocate labels from the high end of the
   label range while the lower numbered node allocates labels from the
   low end of the label range.  This mechanism would augment any close
   packing algorithms that may be used for bandwidth (or wavelength)
   optimization.

   An example of contention between two nodes (PXC 1 and PXC 2) is shown
   in Figure 1.  In this example PXC 1 assigns an Upstream Label for the
   channel corresponding to local BCId=2 (local BCId=7 on PXC 2) and
   sends a Suggested Label for the channel corresponding to local BCId=1
   (local BCId=6 on PXC 2).  Simultaneously, PXC 2 assigns an Upstream
   Label for the channel corresponding to its local BCId=6 (local BCId=1
   on PXC 1) and sends a Suggested Label for the channel corresponding
   to its local BCId=7 (local BCId=2 on PXC 1).  If there is no
   restriction on the ports that can be used for bidirectional LSPs and
   if there are alternate resources available, then both PXC 1 and PXC 2
   will pass different labels upstream and the contention is resolved
   naturally (see Fig. 2).  However, if there is a restriction on the
   ports that can be used for bidirectional LSPs (for example, if they



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   must be physically coupled on a single I/O card), then the contention
   must be resolved using the router Id (see Fig. 3).

           +------------+                         +------------+
           +   PXC 1    +                         +   PXC 2    +
           +            +                 SL1,UL2 +            +
           +          1 +------------------------>+ 6          +
           +            + UL1, SL2                +            +
           +          2 +<------------------------+ 7          +
           +            +                         +            +
           +            +                         +            +
           +          3 +------------------------>+ 8          +
           +            +                         +            +
           +          4 +<------------------------+ 9          +
           +------------+                         +------------+
                        Figure 1.  Label Contention

   In this example, PXC 1 assigns an Upstream Label using BCId=2 (BCId=7
   on PXC 2) and a Suggested Label using BCId=1 (BCId=6 on PXC 2).
   Simultaneously, PXC 2 assigns an Upstream Label using BCId=6 (BCId=1
   on PXC 1) and a Suggested Label using BCId=7 (BCId=2 on PXC 1).

           +------------+                         +------------+
           +   PXC 1    +                         +   PXC 2    +
           +            +                     UL2 +            +
           +          1 +------------------------>+ 6          +
           +            + UL1                     +            +
           +          2 +<------------------------+ 7          +
           +            +                         +            +
           +            +                      L1 +            +
           +          3 +------------------------>+ 8          +
           +            + L2                      +            +
           +          4 +<------------------------+ 9          +
           +------------+                         +------------+
    Figure 2. Label Contention Resolution without resource restrictions

   In this example, there is no restriction on the ports that can be
   used by the bidirectional connection and contention is resolved
   naturally.












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           +------------+                         +------------+
           +   PXC 1    +                         +   PXC 2    +
           +            +                     UL2 +            +
           +          1 +------------------------>+ 6          +
           +            + L2                      +            +
           +          2 +<------------------------+ 7          +
           +            +                         +            +
           +            +                      L1 +            +
           +          3 +------------------------>+ 8          +
           +            +  UL1                    +            +
           +          4 +<------------------------+ 9          +
           +------------+                         +------------+
     Figure 3. Label Contention Resolution with resource restrictions

   In this example, ports 1,2 and 3,4 on PXC 1 (ports 6,7 and 8,9 on PXC
   2, respectively) must be used by the same bidirectional connection.
   Since PXC 2 has a higher node ID, it wins the contention and PXC 1
   must use a different set of labels.


5. Notification

   This section defines two signaling extensions that enable expedited
   notification of failures and other events to nodes responsible for
   restoring failed LSPs.  The first extension, the Notify message,
   provides for general event notification.  The second allows for the
   combining of such notifications in a single message.  These
   extensions are RSVP specific.


5.1. Notify Message

   The Notify message provides a mechanism to inform non-adjacent nodes
   of LSP related events.  This message differs from the currently
   defined error messages (i.e., PathErr and ResvErr messages of RSVP)
   in that it can be "targeted" to a node other than the immediate
   upstream or downstream neighbor and that it is a generalized
   notification mechanism.  The Notify message does not replace existing
   error messages.  The Notify message may be sent either (a) normally,
   where non-target nodes just forward the Notify message to the target
   node, similar to ResvConf processing in [RSVP]; or (b) encapsulated
   in a new IP header who's destination is equal to the target IP
   address.  Regardless of the transmission mechanism, nodes receiving a
   Notify message not destined to the node forward the message,
   unmodified, towards the target.

   To support reliable delivery of the Notify message, an Ack Message
   [RSVP-RR] is used to acknowledge the receipt of a Notify Message.  A



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   node that receives the a Notify message MUST send a Notify_Ack
   message confirming receipt of the Notify message.


5.1.1. Required Information

   The Notify message is a generalized notification message.  The IP
   destination address is set to the IP address of the intended
   receiver.  The Notify message is sent without the router alert
   option.

    ::=  [] 
                          [...]
                        []

    ::=  
                           [] []

   The ERROR_SPEC object specifies the error and includes the IP address
   of either the node that detected the error or the link that has
   failed.  See ERROR_SPEC definition in RFC2205.  The MESSAGE_ID object
   is defined in [RSVP-RR].

   Note: for CR-LDP there is not currently a similar mechanism. In CR-
   LDP, when a failure is detected it will be propagated with
   RELEASE/WITHDRAW messages radially outward from the point of failure.
   Resources are to be released in this phase and actual resource
   information is fed back to the source using the feedback mechanisms
   of [FEEDBACK].  In this manner the source will have an accurate view
   of available resources and can start rerouting much sooner.


5.2. Non-Adjacent Message Bundling

   [RSVP-RR] defines the bundle message which can be used to aggregate
   multiple signaling messages into a single packet.  The defined
   mechanism is limited to adjacent RSVP nodes.  This section defines
   the use of the bundle message between non-adjacent nodes.  This is
   accomplished by setting the IP destination address of the bundle
   message to the address of the target node.  The non-adjacent bundle
   message may be sent either (a) normally, where non-target nodes just
   forward the message to the target node (see ResvConf processing in
   [RSVP] for reference); or (b) encapsulated in a new IP header who's
   destination is equal to the target IP address.  Regardless of the
   transmission mechanism, nodes receiving a bundle message not destined
   to the node just forward the message, unmodified, towards the target.
   The motivation for supporting non-adjacent message bundling is to
   support the bundling of Notify Messages.



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   Non-adjacent bundle messages can only be sent to RSVP nodes that
   support bundling.  Currently, the only method for discovering such
   information about a non-adjacent node is through manual
   configuration.


5.2.1. Required Information

   The RSVP bundle message is defined in [RSVP-RR].  The only
   modification from what is specified in [RSVP-RR] is that the IP
   destination address does not have to be an immediate
   upstream/downstream neighbor.


6. Egress Control

   The LSR at the head-end of an LSP can control the termination of the
   LSP by using the ERO.  To terminate an LSP on a particular outgoing
   interface of the egress LSR, the head-end may specify the IP address
   of that interface as the last element in the ERO, provided that that
   interface has an associated IP address.

   There are cases where the use of IP address doesn't provide enough
   information to uniquely identify the egress termination.  One case is
   when the outgoing interface on the egress LSR is a component link of
   a link bundle.  Another case is when it is desirable to "splice" two
   LSPs together, i.e., where the tail of the first LSP would be
   "spliced" into the head of the second LSP.  This last case is more
   likely to be used in the non-PSC classes of links.


6.1. Required Information

   To handle scenarios described in the previous paragraph, the ERO
   subobject Egress Label type is introduced.

   For RSVP, this ERO subobject - Egress Label is defined as follows:














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       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |L|    Type     |     Length    |            Reserved           |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                            Link ID                            |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                             Label                             |
      |                              ...                              |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   For CR-LDP the Egress Label ER-Hop is defined as follows:

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |0|0|          0x901            |      Length                   |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |L|       Reserved              | Link ID                       |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |    Link ID (continued)        |   Label                       |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                       Label (continued)                       |
      |                              ...                              |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

      L

         This bit must be set to 0.

      Type (RSVP Only)

         3  Egress Label (To be assigned)

      Length

         The Length contains the total length of the subobject in bytes,
         including the Type and Length fields.  The Length is always
         divisible by 4.

      Link ID

         Same definition as in Generalized Label.  See Section 3.2.1.








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      Label

         When an LSP has to be spliced into another LSP, this field
         identifies the label that the tail of the first LSP has to use
         in order to slice it into the head of the second LSP.  In such
         cases the format of this field is identical to the one used by
         the Label field in the Generalized Label Object.  In all other
         cases this field is omitted.


6.2. Procedures

   The Egress Label subobject may appear only as the last subobject in
   the ERO/ER.  Appearance of this subobject anywhere else in the ERO/ER
   is treated as a "Bad strict node" error.

   During an LSP setup, when a node processing the ERO/RR performs Next
   Hop selection finds that the second subobject is an Egress Label
   Subobject, the node uses the information carried in this subobject to
   determine the handling of the data received over that LSP.
   Specifically, if the Link ID field of the subobject is non zero, then
   this field identifies a specific (outgoing) link of the node that
   should be used for sending all the data received over the LSP.  If
   the Label field of the subobject is not Implicit NULL label, this
   field specifies the label that should be used as an outgoing label on
   the data received over the LSP.

   Procedures by which an LSR at the head-end of an LSP obtains the
   information needed to construct the Egress Label subobject are
   outside the scope of this document.


7. Acknowledgments

   This draft is the work of numerous authors and consists of a
   composition of a number of previous drafts in this area.  A list of
   the drafts from which material and ideas were incorporated follows:

   draft-saha-rsvp-optical-signaling-00.txt
   draft-lang-mpls-rsvp-oxc-00.txt
   draft-kompella-mpls-optical-00.txt
   draft-fan-mpls-lambda-signaling-00.txt









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8. Security Considerations

   This draft does not introduce any new security considerations to
   either [CR-LDP] or [RSVP-TE].


9. References

[CR-LDP] Jamoussi et al., "Constraint-Based LSP Setup using LDP",
         draft-ietf-mpls-cr-ldp-04.txt, July, 2000.

[LDP] Andersson et al., "LDP Specification",
      draft-ietf-mpls-ldp-08.txt, June 2000.

[LMP] Lang, J.P., Mitra, K., Drake, J., Kompella, K., Rekhter, Y.,
      Saha, D., Berger, L., Basak, D., "Link Management Protocol",
      Internet Draft, draft-lang-mpls-lmp-01.txt, July 2000.

[MPLS-ARCH] Rosen et al., "Multiprotocol label switching
            Architecture", Internet Draft,
            draft-ietf-mpls-arch-06.txt, August 1999.

[MPLS-BUNDLE] Kompella, K., Rekhter, Y., and Berger, L., "Link Bundling
              in MPLS Traffic Engineering", Internet Draft,
              draft-kompella-mpls-bundle-02.txt, July 2000.

[MPLS-HIERARCHY] Kompella, K., and Rekhter, Y., "LSP Hierarchy with
                 MPLS TE", Internet Draft,
                 draft-ietf-mpls-lsp-hierarchy-00.txt, July 2000.

[OMPLS-ISIS] Kompella, K., Rekhter, Y., Banerjee, A., Drake, J.,
             Bernstein, G., Fedyk, D., Mannie, E., Saha, D., and
             Sharma, V., "IS-IS Extensions in Support of MPL(ambda)S",
             Internet Draft, draft-ompls-isis-extensions-00.txt,
             July 2000.

[OMPLS-OSPF] Kompella, K., Rekhter, Y., Banerjee, A., Drake, J.,
             Bernstein, G., Fedyk, D., Mannie, E., Saha, D., and
             Sharma, V., "OSPF Extensions in Support of MPL(ambda)S",
             Internet Draft, draft-ompls-ospf-extensions-00.txt,
             July 2000.

[RSVP-TE] Awduche, D.O., Berger, L., Gan, D.-H., Li, T., Swallow, G.,
          and Srinivasan, V., "RSVP-TE: Extensions to RSVP for LSP
          Tunnels,"  Internet Draft,
          draft-ietf-mpls-rsvp-lsp-tunnel-06.txt, July 2000.

[RSVP-RR]  Berger L., Gan D., Swallow G., Pan P., Tommasi F.,



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           Molendini S., "RSVP Refresh Overhead Reduction Extensions",
           draft-ietf-rsvp-refresh-reduct-05.txt, June 2000.

[FEEDBACK] P. Ashwood-Smith, B. Jamoussi, D. Fedyk, D. Skalecki,
           "Improving Topology Data Base Accuracy With LSP Feedback
           via CR-LDP", Internet Draft, draft-ietf-mpls-te-feed-00.txt.

10. Authors' Addresses

   Peter Ashwood-Smith
   Nortel Networks Corp.
   P.O. Box 3511 Station C,
   Ottawa, ON K1Y 4H7
   Canada
   Phone:  +1 613 763 4534
   Email:  petera@nortelnetworks.com

   Ayan Banerjee
   Calient Networks
   5853 Rue Ferrari
   San Jose, CA 95138
   Phone:  +1 408 972-3645
   Email:  abanerjee@calient.net

   Lou Berger
   LabN Consulting, LLC
   Phone:  +1 301 468 9228
   Email:  lberger@labn.net

   Greg Bernstein
   Ciena Corporation
   10480 Ridgeview Court
   Cupertino, CA 94014
   Phone:  +1 408 366 4713
   Email:  greg@ciena.com

   John Drake
   Calient Networks
   5853 Rue Ferrari
   San Jose, CA 95138
   Phone:  +1 408 972 3720
   Email:  jdrake@calient.net









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   Yanhe Fan
   Nortel Networks
   PO Box 3511 Station C
   Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4H7
   Canada
   Phone:  +1 613 765 2315
   Email:  yanhe@nortelnetworks.com

   Kireeti Kompella
   Juniper Networks, Inc.
   1194 N. Mathilda Ave.
   Sunnyvale, CA 94089
   Email:  kireeti@juniper.net

   Jonathan P. Lang
   Calient Networks
   25 Castilian
   Goleta, CA 93117
   Email:  jplang@calient.net

   Eric Mannie
   Optical Networking
   Network R&D
   GTS Network Services
   Terhulpsesteenweg 6A
   1560 Hoeilaart - Belgium
   Phone:  +32 2 658 56 52
   Mobile: +32 496 58 56 52
   Fax:    +32 2 658 51 18
   Email:  eric.mannie@gtsgroup.com

   Bala Rajagopalan
   Tellium, Inc.
   2 Crescent Place
   P.O. Box 901
   Oceanport, NJ 07757-0901
   Phone:  +1 732 923 4237
   Fax:    +1 732 923 9804
   Email:  braja@tellium.com

   Yakov Rekhter
   cisco Systems
   Email:  yakov@cisco.com








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   Debanjan Saha
   Tellium Optical Systems
   2 Crescent Place
   Oceanport, NJ 07757-0901
   Phone:  +1 732 923 4264
   Fax:    +1 732 923 9804
   Email:  dsaha@tellium.com

   Vishal Sharma
   Tellabs Research Center
   One Kendall Square
   Bldg. 100, Ste. 121
   Cambridge, MA 02139-1562
   Phone:  +1 617 577 8760
   Email:  Vishal.Sharma@tellabs.com

   Z. Bo Tang
   Tellium, Inc.
   2 Crescent Place
   P.O. Box 901
   Oceanport, NJ 07757-0901
   Phone:  +1 732 923 4231
   Fax:    +1 732 923 9804
   Email:  btang@tellium.com



























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