Internet Draft


INTERNET-DRAFT                                               K. Isoyama
draft-chadha-policy-mpls-te-01.txt                           M. Brunner
Expires June 2001                                            M. Yoshida
                                                             J. Quittek
                                                        NEC Corporation
                                                              R. Chadha
                                                          G. Mykoniatis
                                                           A. Poylisher
                                                        R. Vaidyanathan
                                                 Telcordia Technologies
                                                                A. Kind
                                                                    IBM
                                                          F. Reichmeyer
                                                              PfN, Inc.

                                                          December 2000

         Policy Framework MPLS Information Model for QoS and TE
                  <draft-chadha-policy-mpls-te-01.txt>

Status of this Memo

   This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with
   all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that
   other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-
   Drafts.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six
   months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents
   at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt

   The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.

Abstract

   The purpose of this draft is to describe an information model for
   representing MPLS policies, including MPLS for traffic engineering
   and QoS. RFC 2702, "Requirements for Traffic Engineering over MPLS",
   is used as a basis for determining the types of information that
   need to be represented in the traffic engineering part of the
   information model. The latter document describes the functional
   capabilities required to implement policies that facilitate
   efficient and reliable network operations in an MPLS domain.
   For the QoS-related part, the Policy Framework QoS Information Model
   (QPIM) is extended with new classes for controlling and managing the
   lifecycle of Label Switched Paths (LSPs) and for mapping of traffic

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   onto existing LSPs. The control and management of LSP lifecycles
   includes mainly the creation, update, and deletion of LSPs and the
   assignment of QoS properties to LSPs.

   This information model may be used by a management system to
   optimize network performance through the necessary network
   provisioning actions.

   An overview of policy-based management is given in this document,
   along with a description of the relationship of this work to other
   information models that are being defined in the IETF Policy
   Framework working group. A detailed description of the information
   model and a number of examples illustrating its use follow this.

   A UML diagram of this model is available at
   http://www.ccrle.nec.de/ietf/MPLS_policy_info_model_01.pdf

Conventions used in this document

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED",  "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in
   this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC-2119.

Table of Contents

1.  Introduction.....................................................3
 1.1. Goals..........................................................3
 1.2. Terminology....................................................4
2.  Motivation for Policy-based Management of MPLS...................5
3.  Background.......................................................7
 3.1. MPLS concepts and their relation to this model.................7
 3.2. Relationship to previous work..................................9
4.  Overview of MPLS Policy Information Model.......................11
 4.1. Overview of object classes and their associations.............11
 4.2. High-level description of information model...................15
 4.3. MPLS Policy Variables.........................................19
5.  Class Definitions...............................................19
 5.1. Class mplsPolicyTTAction......................................19
 5.2. Class mplsPolicy_TT_LSPAction.................................20
 5.3. Class mplsPolicyLSPAction.....................................21
 5.4. Class mplsPolicyCRLSPResvAction...............................22
 5.5. Class mplsPolicyCRLDPSignalCtrlAction.........................24
 5.6. Class mplsPolicyLSP...........................................26
 5.7. Class mplsPolicyFEC...........................................29
 5.8. Class mplsPolicyCRLSPTrfcProf.................................30
 5.9. Class mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk..................................31
 5.10.Class mplsPolicyRouteSpec.....................................35
 5.11.Class mplsPolicyProtocolEndpoint..............................36
 5.12.Class mplsPolicyResources.....................................36
 5.13.Association mplsPolicySystemResources.........................38
 5.14.Association mplsPolicyEndpointResources.......................38
 5.15.Association mplsPolicyActiveConnection........................39
 5.16.Association mplsPolicyHopInRoute..............................41

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 5.17.Association mplsPolicyEligibleRouteSpec.......................42
 5.18.Association mplsPolicyReverseDirTT............................43
 5.19.Association mplsPolicyRealizes................................44
 5.20.Association mplsPolicyCurrentlyAssignedLSP....................44
 5.21.Association mplsPolicyBackupLSP...............................45
 5.22.Association mplsPolicyLSPinLSP................................46
 5.23.Association mplsPolicyTT_TrafficProfile.......................47
 5.24.Association mplsPolicyLSP_TrafficProfile......................47
 5.25.Association mplsPolicyFECofTrunk..............................48
 5.26.Association mplsPolicyFECofLSP................................49
 5.27.Association mplsPolicyFECFilterSet............................49
6.  Examples........................................................50
 6.1. Establishing an LSP...........................................50
 6.2. Network wide bandwidth adjustment example.....................52
7.  Security Considerations.........................................54
8.  Open Issues.....................................................54
9.  References......................................................55
10.  Authors' Addresses.............................................56

1. Introduction

1.1. Goals

   The ultimate goal of policy-based networking is to support the trend
   away from individual device management, toward managing and
   controlling a network as a whole [PCIM]. Policy-based networking
   allows network elements from different vendors, equipped with
   different capabilities, to be consistently configured according to
   network policies. For instance, network policies may be aligned with
   the business goals of a company.

   MPLS is a combination of switched forwarding with network layer
   routing. The added value of MPLS is provided by a better
   price/performance ratio of network layer routing, improved
   scalability in the network layer, and greater flexibility in the
   delivery of routing services [MPLSFW]. These advantages are achieved
   with label switching: a packet belongs to a Forwarding Equivalence
   Class (FEC). All packets belonging to the same class will get
   assigned a MPLS label, when it enters the MPLS network. The label in
   the packet can then be used at subsequent hops between ingress and
   egress nodes to determine the forwarding treatment by indexing into
   a table. All packets belonging to a particular FEC and enter the
   network at the same ingress travel the same path through the
   network.

   Typically, information about bindings of labels to FECs is
   distributed by a label distribution protocol (e.g. LDP, CR-LDP, BGP,
   RSVP-TE). The use of policies in the context of MPLS is motivated by
   the need to provide high-level support for the operation of MPLS
   networks beyond a standard way of label distribution with LDP or
   other label distribution protocols.



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   Some of the important applications of MPLS that are foreseen today
   are Traffic Engineering (TE), Quality of Service (QoS) support and
   MPLS based Virtual Private Networks (VPNs).

   According to [RFC2702], Traffic Engineering (TE) is concerned with
   performance optimization of operational networks. In general, it
   encompasses the application of technology and scientific principles
   to the measurement, modeling, characterization, and control of
   Internet traffic, and the application of such knowledge and
   techniques to achieve specific performance objectives. The aspects
   of traffic engineering that are of interest for MPLS are measurement
   and control. A major goal of Internet traffic engineering is to
   facilitate efficient and reliable network operations while
   simultaneously optimizing network resource utilization and traffic
   performance. Traffic engineering has become an indispensable
   function in many large autonomous systems because of the high cost
   of network assets and the commercial and competitive nature of the
   Internet. These factors emphasize the need for maximal operational
   efficiency.

   The concept of MPLS traffic trunks is used extensively in the
   remainder of this document. According to Li and Rekhter [RFC2430], a
   traffic trunk is an aggregation of traffic flows of the same class,
   which are placed inside a Label Switched Path. Essentially, a
   traffic trunk is an abstract representation of traffic to which
   specific characteristics can be associated. It is useful to view
   traffic trunks as objects that can be routed; that is, the path
   through which a traffic trunk traverses can be changed. In this
   respect, traffic trunks are similar to virtual circuits in ATM and
   Frame Relay networks.  It is important, however, to emphasize that
   there is a fundamental distinction between a traffic trunk and the
   path, and indeed the LSP, through which it traverses. An LSP is a
   specification of the label switched path through which the traffic
   traverses.

   For QoS support in IP networks, MPLS provides route pinning in order
   to guarantee certain services to customers. Therefore, high-level
   means for mapping traffic that matches a specific traffic filter
   onto an LSP with specific QoS characteristics is needed. Such high-
   level policies could be used, for instance, with DiffServ over MPLS
   (MPLSDS) [MPLS-DS].

1.2. Terminology

   The following abbreviations are used in this document:

   AS           Autonomous System
   ATM          Asynchronous Transfer Mode
   CIM          Common Information Model
   CLI          Command Line Interface
   COPS         Common Open Policy Service
   DMTF         Distributed Management Task Force
   FEC          Forwarding Equivalence Class

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   LDAP         Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
   LSP          Label Switched Path
   LSR          Label Switched Router
   MAM          Maximum Allocation Multiplier
   MIB          Management Information Base
   MPLS         Multi-Protocol Label Switching
   PCIM         Policy Core Information Model
   PDP          Policy Decision Point
   QoS          Quality of Service
   QPIM         QoS Policy Information Model
   SLA          Service Level Agreement
   SNMP         Simple Network Management Protocol
   TE           Traffic Engineering
   WG           Work Group

2. Motivation for Policy-based Management of MPLS

   The following is a discussion of the advantages of the policy-based
   management approach for MPLS, which is the approach used in this
   draft, in comparison to the traditional Internet management
   approach.

   Policy-based management provides the ability to control the network
   as a whole instead of controlling each individual managed object
   (network device, interface, queue, LSP) in an independent way. This
   is also one of the most important advantages of this approach,
   compared to the traditional network management paradigm, especially
   in the context of network configuration and provisioning. The reason
   for this is that traditional managed objects (typically organized by
   MIB trees) are device-level data models, populated in each router,
   while the policy information model can be used to represent network-
   wide entities (e.g. MPLS traffic trunks,) and can be populated in a
   logically centralized repository. However, note that policy-based
   management is still possible in a SNMP/MIB based environment. There
   are various approaches to do so. The policies addressed in this
   draft are meant to be high-level. The low-level mechanisms for
   configuration can be implemented with different management
   protocols.

   The object-oriented policy information model defined in this draft
   enables policy-based management of MPLS networks. The advantages of
   policy-based management can be realized while performing management
   tasks, such as MPLS configuration for traffic engineering. In the
   traditional case, the traffic engineering MIB defined in [MPLS-MIB]
   provides control of LSP tunnel lifecycles. Consequently, every time
   the LSP tunnel network design needs to be changed to support new or
   modified network services, or to react to network events, the MIBs
   of all the appropriate LSRs have to be modified accordingly.
   However, in the policy information model defined in this draft, the
   administrator can describe changes to the network in terms of policy
   constructs, thus avoiding the micro-management of the individual
   LSRs. Also in this case, the policy-based management system may


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   automatically change the network behavior with whatever mechanism
   available.

   The policy-based management approach provides a new level of
   abstraction that allows network devices from different vendors,
   supporting different capabilities, to be consistently configured
   according to high-level network policies.

   The selection of the specific policy rules to be applied to each
   network entity is carried out according to their "role". This
   concept, introduced in [PCIM], permits the grouping of the network
   entities according to the role they play in the network.

   One very useful concept in this draft is the MPLS traffic trunk
   [RFC2702]. A traffic trunk represents an aggregation of traffic
   flows of the same class, placed inside one or more Label Switched
   Paths. Traffic trunks provide a powerful tool for the administrator
   or for the automatic traffic engineering module. They can be used to
   support efficient administration of the way in which traffic is
   handled by the network.

   Another important point is the support of DiffServ, which is already
   being modeled in a similar fashion [QPIM] and enhanced in order to
   support DiffServ over MPLS. Using the policy-based management
   approach will obviously simplify the interaction in the context of
   configuration and provisioning.

   The following example demonstrates some of the points discussed
   above. A more detailed description of this example can be found in
   section 6. We are considering a network-wide policy that varies
   bandwidth allocations based on time of day and type of traffic.
   Traffic Trunks (TTs) in the network are assigned "roles" in
   accordance with the Olympic Services Model, i.e. they are marked as
   "gold", "silver", or "bronze" according to the QoS properties of the
   traffic that they carry. A network-wide policy controls the
   bandwidth allocation associated with these traffic trunks.

   Specifically, the bandwidth for all gold TTs is reduced by 50%
   during nights and weekends, which allows traffic in the bronze TTs
   to be increased during the same time period. This could be
   potentially useful if the Service Level Agreements are such that a
   number of customers require gold service during business hours on
   weekdays, while they subscribe to lower service levels during non-
   business hours and weekends.

   To implement the network-wide policy described above, the following
   two policy rules are required for the gold TTs:

   Policy Rule 1: role is "gold TT"
           IF "time is 8am-5pm AND day is Monday to Friday"
           THEN "Modify TT: increase bandwidth by 100%"

   Policy Rule 2: role is "gold TT"

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           IF "(time is 5pm-8am AND day is Monday to Friday) OR
               (day is Saturday to Sunday)"
           THEN "Modify TT: Decrease bandwidth by 50%"

   The semantics of the first rule is that when the condition becomes
   true, it increases the bandwidth of all the gold TTs by 100%. In a
   similar fashion, the semantics of the second rule is that when the
   condition becomes true, it decreases the bandwidth of all the gold
   TTs by 50%. Note that this is the same absolute amount.

   The role of the two policy rules is set to "gold TT", which
   indicates which TTs those rules are to be applied to. In this case,
   these two rules are applied to all the TTs that are characterized as
   "gold_TT".

   The above brief example shows how policies can be applied to MPLS
   traffic engineering in a network-wide fashion. The above example is
   explained in detail with reference to our MPLS policy information
   model in Section 6.

3. Background

   The model described in this document is based on the Policy
   Framework QoS Information Model (QPIM)[QPIM]. QPIM defines classes
   for representing QoS policy rules, including QoS policy rule
   conditions and QoS policy rule actions. The classes specified in
   QPIM address QoS provisioning using Differentiated Services
   (DiffServ) as well as QoS control via RSVP for Integrated Services
   (IntServ). QPIM itself refines the Policy Core Information Model
   (PCIM) [PCIM] which includes generic classes for policy-based
   networking.

3.1. MPLS concepts and their relation to this model

   A general discussion of issues related to MPLS is presented in the
   framework [MPLS-FW] and architecture [MPLS-ARCH] documents. A brief
   summary of salient features is provided below as context for the
   later sections.

3.1.1. 
      Label Switched Paths

   MPLS uses the concept of a Label Switched Path (LSP), which is used
   to carry traffic through the network. An LSP is set up using a
   signaling protocol and may or may not be associated with QoS
   guarantees. Currently under discussion are [LDP], [CR-LDP], and
   [RSVP-TE], where the latter two support setting up LSPs with QoS
   guarantees. LSPs can be specified in an explicit or implicit manner.
   Explicitly routed LSPs specify the path that the LSP should take.
   Depending on whether the entire sequence of hops is specified or
   not, the explicit LSP is said to be strictly or loosely routed.
   Implicitly routed LSPs require a routing mechanism within the
   network, which decides the path they take.


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   The LSP is thus a basic object that must be modeled in an MPLS
   information model. The properties of the LSP depend on what kind of
   LSPs are taken into account (explicit vs. implicit, with or without
   QoS etc.). For example, for explicitly routed LSPs, the explicit
   route for the LSP must also be modeled. Note, however, that the MPLS
   labels, which carry local significance, are not part of the
   information modeled about an LSP.

3.1.2. 
      QoS Properties

   MPLS in its original fashion has no notion of QoS. However, using
   MPLS for appropriate traffic engineering enables an ISP to provide a
   relatively higher quality service to its customers. This improvement
   in quality is not quantifiable, but is based on the premise that
   improved network utilization results in improved service quality.

   Further, an LSP may be associated with QoS properties, which need to
   be enforced by QoS mechanisms in LSRs via other, non-MPLS means. In
   a recent proposal to support DiffServ over MPLS [DS-MPLS] MPLS is
   used in conjunction with DiffServ for QoS enforcement. This approach
   allows a Label Switched Router (LSR) to apply a specified Per-Hop
   Behavior (PHB) to packets of an LSP. In this draft, QoS
   specification of LSPs and its signaling is covered, but QoS
   enforcement is not addressed (see [QPIM] instead).

3.1.3. 
      QoS routing for LSPs

   The LSP setup process may be constrained by QoS requirements, to
   achieve a requisite level of service. Such constraint-based routing
   can be realized in one of two ways. In the first approach, a
   centralized application, that has knowledge of network-wide QoS
   state, could calculate the best route through the network for each
   LSP. The centralized application can then initiate the setup of the
   LSP, using the explicit route feature of CR-LDP or RSVP-TE to
   control the path taken by the LSP. In the second approach, the route
   can be calculated in a distributed fashion, during the signaling
   process. The MPLS model of this document is transparent to the
   different QoS routing issues; it only addresses the specification of
   traffic trunks and LSPs with QoS requirements. The mapping of these
   requirements to underlying QoS routing mechanisms is out of the
   scope of this document.

3.1.4. 
      Signaling LSPs

   Setting up a new LSP requires signaling or configuration mechanisms.
   Two basic mechanisms exist for creating LSPs: (1) using a hop-by-hop
   signaling protocol like LDP, CR-LDP, or RSVP-TE, or (2) configuring
   the LSP using SNMP or COPS.

   The mechanisms used for LSP setup are transparent to this draft.
   However, certain CR-LDP-specific mechanisms have been included in
   this draft (see open issues at the end of this draft). For RSVP
   traffic profiles, see [QPIM]. The action to be taken from a policy

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   server's point of view is to initiate the setup process with means
   available in the domain.

3.1.5. 
      Controlling the Signaling Process

   The signaling process for setting up a new LSP may be subject to
   different policies or resource constraints. Therefore, we introduce
   the mplsPolicyCRLDPSignallingAction as a means to control this
   process with policies. In some network operation environments this
   will not be needed, if the policy control is applied before the
   signaling process in the domain. In others, it is very convenient
   for the policy-based management system to define policies for the
   signaling process.

3.1.6. 
      Forwarding Equivalence Classes (FEC)

   A Forwarding Equivalence Class (FEC) specifies what traffic is
   mapped to a specific traffic trunk and/or LSP. The specification of
   FECs can range from very simple, e.g., just the destination IP
   address, to very complex, e.g., a set of filters including IP
   addresses, ports, DSCPs etc. In our model, we associate an FEC with
   an LSP and/or a traffic trunk. The binding of FECs to LSPs and
   traffic trunks may be performed during or after the LSP/TT setup.

3.2. Relationship to previous work

3.2.1. 
      Relationship to PCIM

   The object-oriented information model described in PCIM provides
   generic classes for representing policy information. The model
   allows one to specify network policies in terms of policy rules. A
   policy rule contains a list of policy conditions and a list of
   policy actions. Conditions are Boolean expressions that evaluate to
   either true or false. Actions represent some concrete steps that
   should be taken by a management system if the conditions in the rule
   evaluate to true.

   The policy framework described in PCIM provides an elaborate
   mechanism for prioritizing policy rules; specifying time periods
   during which policy rules are applicable; specifying complex boolean
   conditions using either disjunctive normal form or conjunctive
   normal form and negations; grouping policies together; specifying
   reusable conditions and actions; etc. Policies are specified using a
   declarative rather than a procedural approach, i.e. policies
   describe the conditions and actions that make up a rule, but do not
   give a step-by-step description of how to implement the policy.

   The MPLS information model described in this draft refines the
   notion of policy actions as described in PCIM. New classes are
   introduced in order to model the following MPLS-related policy
   actions:

     - Generic reservation of a Label Switched Path (LSP)

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     - Generic setup of Traffic Trunk (TT)
     - Reservation of a Label Switched Path (LSP) using CR-LDP
     - Policy decisions for a CR-LDP message
     - Mapping of traffic into a Label Switched Path (LSP).

   Furthermore, new policy classes are defined that inherit from the
   Policy class in PCIM. The new classes describe:

     - Traffic profiles
     - Label Switched Paths (LSPs)
     - Traffic Trunks
     - Forwarding Equivalence Classes (FECs)
     - Route Specifications.

3.2.2. 
      Relationship to QPIM

   In the QoS Policy Information Model (QPIM) [QPIM], new object
   classes are defined to model the management and configuration of
   Diffserv- and RSVP-capable network elements. Apart from QoS-specific
   information, the model contains a number of concepts that are rather
   general and can be re-used in a number of different contexts. One
   such concept is that of variables and constants with well-defined
   semantics that represent things like IP addresses, port numbers,
   protocol numbers, etc. These variables are used to describe traffic
   classifiers in QPIM. Such a representation is also very useful for
   the information model described in this draft, as there is a need to
   define the FECs (Forwarding Equivalence Classes) that map to given
   traffic trunks and LSPs. Other concepts that are re-used from QPIM
   are those defining traffic profiles and policing actions (see object
   classes qosPolicyPRTrfcProf and qosPolicyPRAction in [QPIM]). These
   are used here for describing the traffic profiles of traffic trunks,
   and the policing requirements for traffic trunks (including what to
   do with non-conforming traffic for a given traffic trunk).

   QPIM lists a set of pre-defined variables that are typically
   required for layers 2 and 3. This draft extends the list of
   predefined variables to access the label entries on the label stack
   of an MPLS packet [MPLS-ENC].

3.2.3. 
       Relationship to MPLS Policy Information Model Requirements

   Earlier Internet drafts ([REQPMPLS], [REQMPLS_TE]) discussed
   policies for MPLS and MPLS-TE. [REQPMPLS] outlines requirements for
   policy-enabled MPLS and identifies two main categories of MPLS
   policies: LSP admission policies that map traffic flows onto LSPs,
   and LSP lifecycle policies that affect LSP creation, deletion,
   configuration and monitoring. The information model presented in the
   current draft addresses both these categories of policies, excluding
   any monitoring requirements. In [REQMPLS_TE], the authors discuss
   policies for MPLS load balancing. The information model that we
   present is broader in scope and addresses all aspects of traffic
   engineering, including load balancing.


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   The information model in this draft builds upon the PCIM model and
   further refines it by adding new actions that are specific to the
   domain of MPLS for traffic engineering and QoS support. Actions are
   included for creating, modifying, and destroying traffic trunks and
   LSPs, and assigning LSPs to traffic trunks. Also, new object classes
   and associations are introduced to model MPLS traffic engineering
   concepts referenced by these actions, such as traffic trunks, route
   specifications, LSPs and their hops, resources and resource classes,
   etc. No attempt is made to define new object classes for
   representing classifier information as this is currently being
   addressed in QPIM.

4. Overview of MPLS Policy Information Model

4.1. Overview of object classes and their associations

   The following figures show some of the new object classes and
   associations defined for the MPLS Traffic Engineering and QoS Policy
   Information Model. A number of object classes from previously
   defined information models, namely CIM [CIM], are also shown where
   necessary to illustrate new associations relating newly defined
   structural object classes to object classes previously defined in
   those information models. Object classes belonging to these
   information models are appropriately marked. A detailed description
   of the depicted object classes is provided in Section 5 of this
   document.




























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                     +---------------------------+
                     |      FilterList (CIM)     |
                     +-------------^-------------+
                                  *|
                                (a)|
                                  *|
                     +-------------v-------------+
                +---->       mplsPolicyFEC       <----+
             (b)|0..1+---------------------------+0..1|(i)
                |                                     |
                |    +---------------------------+    |
                |    |  qosPolicyTrafficProfile  |    |
                |    +-^-----------------------^-+    |
                |  0..1|                   0..1|      |
                |   (c)|     +------+       (j)|      |       +------+
               *|     *| 0..1|   (d)|         *|     *|      *|   (k)|
     +----------v------v-----v-+    |    +-----v------v-------v-+    |
     |                         <----+    |                      <----+
     |                         |0..1     |                      |*
     | mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk  <--------->    mplsPolicyLSP     |
     |                         |*  (m)  *|                      |
     |                         <--------->                      |
     +--------------------^----+*  (n)  *+--^-------------------+
                         *|                *|
                       (e)|              (l)|
                         *|                *|
                     +----v-----------------v----+
                     |    mplsPolicyRouteSpec    |
                     +----------------------^----+
                                           *|
                                         (f)|                 +------+
                                           *|                *|   (h)|
     +-------------------------+     +------v-----------------v-+    |
     |   ComputerSystem(CIM)   |     |mplsPolicyProtocolEndpoint<----+
     +--------------------^----+     +------^-------------------+*
                         *|                *|
                       (o)|              (g)|
                      0..1|             0..1|
                     +----v-----------------v----+
                     |    mplsPolicyResources    |
                     +---------------------------+

       Figure 1. Relationships between traffic trunks, LSPs, routes,
   FECs, traffic profiles hops, resources, etc.

   In Figure 1, boxes represent object classes and arrows represent
   associations between the classes. The following associations appear
   in Figure 1 above:

        (a) mplsPolicyFECFilterSet
        (b) mplsPolicyFECofTrunk
        (c) mplsPolicyTT_TrafficProfile
        (d) mplsPolicyReverseDirTT

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        (e) mplsPolicyEligibleRouteSpec
        (f) mplsPolicyHopInRoute
        (g) mplsPolicyEndpointResources
        (h) mplsPolicyActiveConnection
        (i) mplsPolicyFECofLSP
        (j) mplsPolicyLSPTrafficProfile
        (k) mplsPolicyLSPinLSP
        (l) mplsPolicyRealizes
        (m) mplsPolicyCurrentlyAssignedLSP
        (n) mplsPolicyBackupLSP
        (o) mplsPolicySystemResources

   An association represents a relationship between two classes (e.g.
   associations (a) to (o) excepting (d), (h) and (k) above in Figure
   1), or between a class and itself (e.g. associations (d), (h) and
   (k) in Figure 1). Cardinalities are part of each association; the
   cardinality of an association indicates how many instances of each
   class may be related to an instance of the other class.  For
   example, the mplsPolicyBackupLSP association has the cardinality "*"
   (i.e. "0..n") for both the mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk and the
   mplsPolicyLSP classes.  These ranges are interpreted as follows:

   - The "*" written next to mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk indicates that an
     mplsPolicyLSP may be related to no mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk, to one
     mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk, or to more than one mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk
     via the mplsPolicyBackupLSP association. In other words, an LSP
     may be a backup LSP for zero or more traffic trunks.
   - The "*" written next to mplsPolicyLSP indicates that a
     mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk may be related to no mplsPolicyLSP, to one
     mplsPolicyLSP, or to more than one mplsPolicyLSP via the
     mplsPolicyBackupLSP association. In other words, a traffic trunk
     may have zero or more backup LSPs.

   The inheritance tree for the object classes defined in this document
   is given below. Apart from the new object classes defined in this
   document, the tree below contains references to object classes
   defined in the Policy Core Information Model [PCIM], marked "PCIM"
   below, and to object classes defined in the Common Information Model
   [CIM], marked "CIM" below. For detailed descriptions of these object
   classes, see the relevant documents.














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         +--Policy (abstract) (PCIM)
         |  |
         |  +---PolicyAction (PCIM)
         |  |          |
         |  |          +---mplsPolicyTTAction
         |  |          |
         |  |          +---mplsPolicyLSPAction
         |  |          |   |
         |  |          |   +---mplsPolicyCRLSPResvAction
         |  |          |
         |  |          +---mplsPolicyTT_LSP_Action
         |  |          |
         |  |          +---mplsPolicySignalCtrlAction
         |  |
         |  +---qosPolicyTrfcProf (PQIM)
         |  |          |
         |  |          +--- mplsPolicyCRLSPTrfcProf
         |  |
         |  +---mplsPolicyFEC
         |
         +--CIM_ManagedSystemElement (abstract) (CIM)
            |
            +--CIM_LogicalElement (abstract) (CIM)
               |
               +--mplsPolicyResources
               |
               +--mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk
               |
               +--mplsPolicyLSP
               |
               +--mplsPolicyRouteSpec
               |
               +--CIM_ServiceAccessPoint (abstract) (CIM)
                  |
                  +--CIM_ProtocolEndpoint (abstract) (CIM)
                     |
                     +--mplsPolicyProtocolEndpoint

      Figure 2. Inheritance Hierarchy for MPLS Policy object classes

   In CIM, associations are also modeled as classes. For the MPLS
   Traffic Engineering Policy Information Model, the inheritance
   hierarchy is shown below:











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   [unrooted]
         |
         +---mplsPolicyHopInRoute
         |
         +---mplsPolicySystemResources
         |
         +---mplsPolicyEndpointResources
         |
         +---ActiveConnection (CIM)
         |            |
         |            +---mplsPolicyActiveConnection
         |
         +---mplsPolicyReverseDirTT
         |
         +---mplsPolicyEligibleRouteSpec
         |
         +---mplsPolicyCurrentlyAssignedLSP
         |
         +---mplsPolicyBackupLSP
         |
         +---mplsPolicyRealizes
         |
         +---mplsPolicyLSPinLSP
         |
         +---mplsPolicyTT_TrafficProfile
         |
         +---mplsPolicyLSPTrafficProfile
         |
         +---mplsPolicyFECofTrunk
         |
         +---mplsPolicyFECofLSP

             Figure 3. Inheritance Hierarchy for associations

4.2. High-level description of information model

   Policies in the MPLS domain mainly center on
    - lifecycle management of LSPs, including signaling, resource
      control, admission control etc.,
    - management of traffic trunks, including the specification of the
      traffic traversing the trunks, and
    - the mapping of traffic trunks to LSPs, including mapping of
      DiffServ traffic and tunneling of MPLS traffic over parallel LSPs
      for the purpose of traffic engineering.

4.2.1. 
       MPLS Signaling Actions

   Signaling in MPLS consists of setting up, releasing and updating an
   LSP along a number of LSRs. It should be possible to control the
   initiation and the execution of these processes using policies. For
   some signaling protocols, e.g. the Label Distribution Protocol
   (LDP), the signaling is initiated by an LSR itself, without any
   intervention by the Policy Server. The signaling actions in the

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   draft are applicable to constraint based LSP setup using protocols
   such as CR-LDP and RSVP-TE, and include policy actions to initiate
   the setup, update, or release of an LSP (mplsPolicyLSPAction), as
   well as a policy action controlling the LSP setup process
   (mplsPolicyCRLDPSignalCtrlAction).

4.2.2. 
      MPLS Traffic Engineering Policy Actions

   A number of policy actions are defined for the purpose of enabling a
   management system to manipulate traffic trunks and LSPs. These
   actions may reference instances of traffic trunks, LSPs, and route
   specifications (see definition of route specification in a later
   section). In order to reference such instances, they must first be
   created and populated; and any related objects and associations must
   also be instantiated and populated.

   For example, mplsPolicyTTAction operates upon a traffic trunk; the
   property mpTrafficTrunk in this action references an instance of a
   traffic trunk that is to be operated upon. Thus before instantiating
   an instance of mplsPolicyTTAction, one must instantiate an instance
   of mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk that will be referenced by this action. In
   addition, all the related object instances and associations must
   also be instantiated before instantiating this action. RFC 2702
   [RFC2702] describes the difference between establishing a traffic
   trunk (which we model by creating an instance of
   mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk and related classes as described later) and
   activating a traffic trunk (which is modeled by the
   mplsPolicyTTAction).

Referencing traffic trunks

   The following objects may need to be instantiated in order to fully
   describe a traffic trunk referenced by an action:

   - Route specifications: Zero or more route specifications
   (mplsPolicyRouteSpec) can be associated with a traffic trunk to
   indicate that this is a potential route to which this traffic trunk
   can be mapped. The association is modeled by the
   mplsPolicyEligibleRouteSpec.

   - Traffic profile: A traffic profile (qosPolicyPRTrfcProf)
   describing the resource requirements of a traffic trunk can be
   defined for every traffic trunk and associated with the traffic
   trunk via the mplsPolicyTT_TrafficProfile association.

   - Assigned LSPs: Any LSPs (mplsPolicyLSP) currently assigned to a
   traffic trunk can be defined and associated with it via the
   mplsPolicyCurrentlyAssignedLSP association.

   - Backup LSPs: Any LSPs (mplsPolicyLSP) that are acting as backup
   LSPs for a traffic trunk can be defined and associated with it via
   the mplsPolicyBackupLSP association.


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   - Reverse traffic trunk: If a traffic trunk carrying traffic in the
   reverse direction exists, it can be associated with a given traffic
   trunk via mplsPolicyReverseDirTT.

Referencing LSPs

   The following objects may need to be instantiated in order to fully
   describe an LSP referenced by an action:

   - Route specifications: Zero or more route specifications
   (mplsPolicyRouteSpec) can be associated with an LSP to indicate that
   this LSP is a realization of the route specification. The
   association is modeled by the mplsPolicyRealizes.

   - Traffic trunks: Any traffic trunks (mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk) whose
   traffic is currently being carried by an LSP should be defined and
   associated with this LSP via the mplsPolicyCurrentlyAssignedLSP
   association. Further, any traffic trunks for which an LSP is a
   backup LSP should be associated with this LSP via the
   mplsPolicyBackupLSP association.

   - LSP hierarchy: If a hierarchy of LSPs exists, an LSP should be
   associated with any LSPs contained in or containing it via the
   mplsPolicyLSPinLSP association.

Referencing route specifications

   The following objects may need to be instantiated in order to fully
   describe a route specification referenced by an action:

   - LSPs: Zero or more LSPs (mplsPolicyLSP) can be associated with a
   route specification to indicate that these LSPs are realizations of
   the route specification. The association is modeled by the
   mplsPolicyRealizes.

   - Traffic trunks: Traffic trunks (mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk) for which
   a given route specification is a potential route should be
   associated with the route specification via the
   mplsPolicyEligibleRouteSpec association.

   - Route hops: Every hop specified for a route specification is
   represented by an instance of mplsPolicyProtocolEndpoint (derived
   from ProtocolEndpoint in [CIM]) and is associated with a route
   specification via the mplsPolicyHopInRoute association.

Traffic trunks, LSPs, and supporting object classes and associations

   The following object classes and associations are defined. Many of
   these are referenced by the actions described in the previous
   section.

   - Traffic trunk (object class mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk): For a
   description of a traffic trunk, see the Introduction section of this

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   document, or see RFC 2702 [RFC2702] for more details. The attributes
   of a traffic trunk are described by the properties of this object
   class. A traffic trunk can be associated with LSPs that are
   currently carrying its traffic (mplsPolicyCurrentlyAssignedLSP
   association) and with backup LSPs that are used for backup in
   fault/congestion scenarios (mplsPolicyBackupLSP association).
   Eligible routes for this traffic trunk are associated with it via
   the mplsPolicyEligibleRouteSpec association. If a traffic trunk
   going in the reverse direction exists, it is associated with this
   traffic trunk via the mplsPolicyReverseDirTT association. Finally, a
   traffic profile for this traffic trunk can be represented by the
   qosPolicyPRTrfcProf object class (reused from QPIM) and associated
   with the traffic trunk via the mplsPolicyTrafficProfile association.

   - Route Specification (object class mplsPolicyRouteSpec): This is an
   object class that represents a route specification from point A to
   point B. The route specification may or may not be realized in the
   network by an LSP. A route specification is associated with all the
   hops contained in this route. These hops are interfaces on LSRs
   (represented by instances of ProtocolEndpoint, which is an object
   class defined in the CIM Network Model [CIM]). The associations with
   these hops are realized via the mplsPolicyHopInRoute associations.
   Note that a route specification could be an incomplete specification
   of a route; e.g. it could specify three hops for a route which
   actually requires at least four hops, and leave the job of choosing
   the missing hop to a signaling protocol that sets up the
   corresponding LSP. An LSP can be created based on a route
   specification using the mplsPolicyLSPAction.

   The typical use of this object class is for a network operator to be
   able to specify potential MPLS routes in advance and later
   instantiate them by creating LSPs that use this specification. A
   route specification can be associated with a traffic trunk to
   indicate that this is a potential route to which this traffic trunk
   can be mapped (mplsPolicyEligibleRouteSpec association).

   - Label-Switched Path (LSP) (object class mplsPolicyLSP): This
   object class represents an LSP. An LSP can be associated with a
   route specification in order to indicate that this LSP implements
   this route specification (mplsPolicyRealizes association). An LSP
   can also be associated with a traffic trunk if it is currently
   carrying the traffic for this traffic trunk (via the
   mplsPolicyCurrentlyAssignedLSP association) or if it is a backup LSP
   for this traffic trunk (via the mplsPolicyBackupLSP association). An
   LSP can also be associated with another LSP to indicate a hierarchy
   of LSPs (mplsPolicyLSPinLSP association).

   - Resources (object class mplsPolicyResources): This object class
   represents resources associated with LSRs and interfaces on these
   LSRs, such as buffer resources, etc. (mplsPolicySystemResources and
   mplsPolicyEndpointResources associations, respectively).



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   - Links and their resources (association
   mplsPolicyActiveConnection): The resources associated with a link
   (e.g. bandwidth, etc.) are represented by properties of the
   association mplsPolicyActiveConnection. This association is used to
   relate two instances of ProtocolEndpoint that currently have an
   active connection between them.

   Apart from these newly defined object classes and associations, the
   qosPolicyPRAction object class is reused from QPIM for representing
   policing actions including actions to be taken for non-conforming
   traffic. Also, object classes qosPolicySimpleCondition,
   qosPolicyVariable, and qosPolicyValue and their derived classes from
   QPIM are used for representing classifier information.

4.3. MPLS Policy Variables

  The QoS policy information model specifies a set of pre-defined
  variables to support a set of fundamental QoS terms that are commonly
  used in policy conditions [QPIM].  In order to specify meaningful
  policy rules in the MPLS domain, we extend the set of pre-defined
  variables with MPLS-specific variables. Here we define a preliminary
  set of low-level concepts; these may need to be extended in updates
  to this draft.

  The following table defines the pre-defined variables for MPLS and
  their logical bindings.

  +----------------+--------------------------------------------------+
  | Variable name  |                Logical binding                   |
  +----------------+--------------------------------------------------+
  | MPLSLabel      | The MPLS label of the flow. Compared to the MPLS |
  |                | label in the MPLS shim header field or the       |
  |                | combined VPI/VCI in ATM.                         |
  +----------------+--------------------------------------------------+
  | MPLSExp        | The MPLS Exp field of the flow. Compared to the  |
  |                | MPLS Experimental field in the MPLS shim header. |
  +----------------+--------------------------------------------------+
         Table 1: Pre-defined Variable Names and their Bindings

  Both variables can be of class type qosPolicyIntegerValue or
  qosPolicyBitStringValue.

5. Class Definitions

5.1. Class mplsPolicyTTAction

  This class represents a policy action that creates, destroys or
  modifies an instance of a traffic trunk by assigning it to a traffic
  flow (referred to as "activation" of a traffic trunk in [RFC2702]).
  Note that a traffic trunk MUST first be established or defined by
  creating an instance of mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk and related
  objects/associations (see Section below for details). RFC 2702
  describes the difference between establishing a traffic trunk (which

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  we model by creating an instance of mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk and
  related classes as described in Section below) and activating a
  traffic trunk (which is modeled by the mplsPolicyTTAction).

  The class definition is as follows:

     NAME          mplsPolicyTTAction
    DESCRIPTION   A class used to describe a policy action that
                  activates, destroys or modifies a traffic trunk.
    DERIVED FROM  policyAction (defined in [PCIM])
    ABSTRACT      False
    PROPERTIES    mpTrafficTrunk,
                  mpTTMode

5.1.1. 
       The property mpTrafficTrunk

  This property is a reference to the instance of
  mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk that is to be created, destroyed or modified.
  The property definition is as follows:

    NAME          mpTrafficTrunk
    DESCRIPTION   Traffic trunk being created, destroyed or modified
    SYNTAX        Reference to an mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk

5.1.2. 
       The Property mpTTMode

  The mpTTMode property specifies whether the action is a creation,
  destruction, modification of a Traffic Trunk action, or a
  modification of a traffic profile action (see 5.2.)

    NAME          mpTTMode
    DESCRIPTION   Mode of the action
    SYNTAX        Integer (ENUM) - {
                         "TTCreate"=0;
                         "TTModify"=1;
                         "TTDestroy"=2;
                        }

5.2. Class mplsPolicy_TT_LSPAction

  This class is used to represent the action of assigning or de-
  assigning an LSP to a traffic trunk. Note that the traffic trunk and
  LSP are assumed to have been defined by creating instances of
  mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk and mplsPolicyLSP, respectively, as well as
  related objects/associations (see Sections X.2.1.1 and X.2.1.2 for
  details).

    NAME          mplsPolicy_TT_LSPAction
    DESCRIPTION   A class that represents an action that
                  assigns or deassigns an LSP to a traffic trunk.
    DERIVED FROM  PolicyAction
    ABSTRACT      False
    PROPERTIES    mpTrafficTrunk,

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                  mpAssignedLSP,
                  mpTT_LSPMode

5.2.1. 
       The property mpTrafficTrunk

  This property contains a reference to an instance of
  mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk. Note that the instance of
  mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk that is referenced can be re-used as it can be
  referenced by multiple policy actions.

  The property definition is as follows:

    NAME          mpTrafficTrunk
    DESCRIPTION   Traffic trunk to which an LSP is being
                  assigned
    SYNTAX        Reference to an mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk

5.2.2. 
       The property mpAssignedLSP

  This property is a reference to an instance of mplsPolicyLSP. The
  semantics here are that the traffic trunk referenced within this
  action is to be sent over the referenced LSP.

  The property definition is as follows:

    NAME          mpAssignedLSP
    DESCRIPTION   Reference to LSP being assigned to a traffic
                  trunk
    SYNTAX        Reference to an instance of mplsPolicyLSP

5.2.3. 
      The Property mpTT_LSPMode

  The mpTT_LSPMode property specifies whether the action is an
  assignment or deassignment of a LSP to a Traffic Trunk.

    NAME          mpTT_LSPMode
    DESCRIPTION   Mode of the action
    SYNTAX        Integer (ENUM) - {
                         "Assign"=0;
                         "Deassign"=1;
                        }

5.3. Class mplsPolicyLSPAction

  This class defines a generic LSP reservation action. The action
  initiates the setup, update, or release of an LSP referred to by the
  in the mpCreateLSP property. The class definition is as follows:

    NAME          mplsPolicyLSPAction
    DESCRIPTION   A class used to describe a policy action that
                  sets up, releases, or modifies any a LSP.
    DERIVED FROM  PolicyAction (defined in [PCIM])
    ABSTRACT      False

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    PROPERTIES    mpCreateLSP,
                  mpLSPMode

5.3.1. 
       The Property mpCreateLSP

  This property is a reference to an mplsPolicyLSP object, which
  defines an LSP. The property is defined as follows:

    NAME          mpCreateLSP
    DESCRIPTION   LSP being set up, released, or modified
    SYNTAX        Reference to an mplsPolicyLSP object

5.3.2. 
       The Property mpLSPMode

  The mpLSPMode property specifies whether the action is a setup,
  release, or update action of an LSP.

    NAME          mpLSPMode
    DESCRIPTION   Mode of the action
    SYNTAX        Integer (ENUM) - {
                         "LSPSetup"=0;
                         "LSPUpdate"=1;
                         "LSPRelease"=2;
                  }

5.4. Class mplsPolicyCRLSPResvAction

  This class defines an CR-LSP reservation action using CR-LDP Label
  Request Messages. The set priority property specifies whether an
  existing LSP may be preempted in order to  The property is mapped to
  the SetPrio field of the Preemption TLV [CRLDP]. Negotiable
  properties specify whether the corresponding traffic parameter is
  negotiable or not. The properties are mapped to the flags field of
  the Traffic Parameter TLV of [CRLDP].

  This class defines a protocol-specific action and will likely be
  moved to a protocol-specific information model in the future.

  The class definition is as follows:

    NAME          mplsPolicyCRLSPResvAction
    DESCRIPTION   A class used to describe a policy action that
                  sets up, releases or modifies an LSP using CR-LDP.
    DERIVED FROM  mplsPolicyLSPAction
    ABSTRACT      False
    PROPERTIES    mpCRLSPsetPrio,
                  mpPDRNegotiable, mpPBSNegotiable,
                  mpCDRNegotiable, mpCBSNegotiable,
                  mpEBSNegotiable, mpWeightNegotiable

5.4.1. 
       The Property mpCRLSPSetPrio



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  This property represents the setting priority of the CR-LSP. The
  property is defined as follows:

    NAME          mpCRLSPSetPrio
    DESCRIPTION   setting priority of the CR-LSP
    SYNTAX        Integer (MUST be in the range 0-255)

5.4.2. 
       The Property mpPDRNegotiable

  This property indicates whether the Peak Data Rate of the CR-LSP is
  negotiatble or not. The property is defined as follows:

    NAME          mpPDRNegotiable
    DESCRIPTION   Flag that indicates whether PDR is negotiable or not
    SYNTAX        Boolean - {"NotNegotiable"=0; "Negotiable"=1}

5.4.3. 
       The Property mpPBSNegotiable

  This property indicates whether the Peak Burst Size of the CR-LSP is
  negotiable or not. The property is defined as follows:

    NAME          mpPBSNegotiable
    DESCRIPTION   Flag that indicates whether PBS is negotiable or not
    SYNTAX        Boolean - {"NotNegotiable"=0; "Negotiable"=1}

5.4.4. 
       The Property mpCDRNegotiable

  This property indicates whether the Committed Data Rate of the CR-LSP
  is negotiable or not. The property is defined as follows:

    NAME          mpCDRNegotiable
    DESCRIPTION   Flag that indicates whether CDR is negotiable or not
    SYNTAX        Boolean - {"NotNegotiable"=0; "Negotiable"=1}

5.4.5. 
       The Property mpCBSNegotiable

  This property indicates whether the Committed Burst Size of the CR-
  LSP is negotiable or not. The property is defined as follows:

    NAME          mpCBSNegotiable
    DESCRIPTION   Flag that indicates whether CBS is negotiable or not
    SYNTAX        Boolean - {"NotNegotiable"=0; "Negotiable"=1}

5.4.6. 
       The Property mpEBSNegotiable

  This property indicates whether the Excess Burst Size of the CR-LSP
  is negotiable or not. The property is defined as follows:
    NAME          mpEBSNegotiable
    DESCRIPTION   Flag that indicates whether EBS is negotiable or not
    SYNTAX        Boolean - {"NotNegotiable"=0; "Negotiable"=1}

5.4.7. 
       The Property mpWeightNegotiable


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  This property indicates whether the Weight of the CR-LSP is
  negotiable or not. The property is defined as follows:

    NAME          mpWeightNegotiable
    DESCRIPTION   Flag that indicates whether Weight is negotiable or
                  not
    SYNTAX        Boolean - {"NotNegotiable"=0; "Negotiable"=1}

5.5. Class mplsPolicyCRLDPSignalCtrlAction

  This class defines a policy action to be applied to CR-LDP messages.
  The message type property identifies the concerned messages. The
  mpSendNotification property specifies whether a notification should
  be sent. If the notification message is sent, the mpErrCode property
  identifies the error code to be sent. Furthermore, the replace
  properties specify whether the traffic profile of the CR-LDP message
  is changed.

  This class defines a protocol-specific action and will likely be
  moved to a protocol-specific information model in the future.

    NAME          mplsPolicyCRLDPSignalCtrlAction
    DESCRIPTION   A class used to describe a policy action that
                  is applied to CR-LDP messages.
    DERIVED FROM  PolicyAction (defined in [PCIM])
    ABSTRACT      False
    PROPERTIES    mpCRLDPMessageType, mpSendNotification,
                  mpSendRelease, mpErrCode
                  mpReplacePDR, mpReplacePBS,
                  mpReplaceCDR, mpReplaceCBS,
                  mpReplaceEBS, mpReplaceWeight


5.5.1. 
       The Property CRLDPMessageType

  This property is an enumerated integer and defines different values
  that limit the scope of the action to be enforced to specific types
  of CR-LDP Messages. The property is defined as follows:

    NAME          CRLDPMessageType
    DESCRIPTION   A message type to which the action is enforced
    SYNTAX        Integer (ENUM) - {
                         "LabelMapping"=0;
                         "LabelRequest"=1;
                         "LabelWithdraw"=2;
                         "LabelRelease"=3;
                         "LabelAbortRequest"=4;
                         "Notification"=5;
                   }

5.5.2. 
       The Property mpSendNotification



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  This property controls the generation of CR-LDP Notification
  Messages. The property is defined as follows:

    NAME          mpSendNotification
    DESCRIPTION   A flag that indicates whether a Notification Message
                  is generated or not.
    SYNTAX        Boolean - {No=0, Yes=1}

5.5.3. 
       The Property mpSendRelease

  This property controls the generation of CR-LDP Release Messages. The
  property is defined as follows:

    NAME          mpSendRelease
    DESCRIPTION   A flag that indicates whether a Release Message is
                  generated or not.
    SYNTAX        Boolean - {No=0, Yes=1}

5.5.4. 
       The Property mpErrCode

  This property specifies the error code in case the mpSendNotification
  property has the value 1=yes. If the sent notification property is
  no, this property is undefined. The error codes are the ones
  specified in LDP and CR-LDP.

    NAME          mpErrCode
    DESCRIPTION   Error code of Notification Message
    SYNTAX        Integer

5.5.5. 
       The Property mpReplacePDR

  This property is a non-negative integer that replaces the Peak Data
  Rate value in a CR-LDP message. The property is defined as follows:

    NAME          mpReplacePDR
    DESCRIPTION   Replaced PDR value
    SYNTAX        Integer (MUST be non-negative)

5.5.6. 
       The Property mpReplacePBS

  This property is a non-negative integer that replaces the Peak Burst
  Size value in a CR-LDP message. The property is defined as follows:

    NAME          mpReplacePBS
    DESCRIPTION   Replaced PBS value
    SYNTAX        Integer (MUST be non-negative)

5.5.7. 
       The Property mpReplaceCDR

  This property is a non-negative integer that replaces the Committed
  Data Rate value in a CR-LDP message. The property is defined as
  follows:


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    NAME          mpReplaceCDR
    DESCRIPTION   Replaced CDR value
    SYNTAX        Integer (MUST be non-negative)

5.5.8. 
       The Property mpReplaceCBS

  This property is a non-negative integer that replaces the Committed
  Burst Size value in CR-LDP message. The property is defined as
  follows:

    NAME          mpReplaceCBS
    DESCRIPTION   Replaced CBS value
    SYNTAX        Integer (MUST be non-negative)

5.5.9. 
       The Property mpReplaceEBS

  This property is a non-negative integer that replaces the Excess
  Burst Size value in a CR-LDP message. The property is defined as
  follows:

    NAME          mpReplaceEBS
    DESCRIPTION   Replaced EBS value
    SYNTAX        Integer (MUST be non-negative)

5.5.10. The Property mpReplaceWeight

  This property is a non-negative integer that replaces the Weight
  value in a CR-LDP message. The property is defined as follows:

    NAME          mpReplaceWeight
    DESCRIPTION   Replaced Weight value
    SYNTAX        Integer (MUST be in the range 0-255)

5.6. Class mplsPolicyLSP

  This object class is used to represent an MPLS LSP and its
  properties. Instances of this class represent existing or to be
  established LSPs in the network. The class definition is as follows:

    NAME             mplsPolicyLSP
    DESCRIPTION      A class with several properties for
                     describing an MPLS LSP.
    DERIVED FROM     LogicalElement
    ABSTRACT         False
    PROPERTIES       mpAdminStatus,
                     mpOperationalStatus,
                     mpLevel,
                     mpLocalLSPID,
                     mpResourceClass,
                     mpHoldingPriority,
                     mpIngressMayReroute,
                     mpIsPersistent,
                     mpIsPinned,

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                     mpLocalProtectionAvailable,
                     mpIsAdaptive,
                     Roles

5.6.1. 
       The property mpAdminStatus

  This property indicates the desired operational status of this LSP.

  The property definition is as follows:

    NAME          mpAdminStatus
    DESCRIPTION   Administrative status of an LSP.
    SYNTAX        Integer (ENUM) - {
                         "up"=1;
                         "down"=2;
                         "testing"=3;
                  }

5.6.2. 
       The property mpOperationalStatus

  This property indicates the actual operational status of this LSP,
  which is typically (but is not limited to) a function of the state of
  individual segments of this LSP.

  The property definition is as follows:

    NAME          mpOperationalStatus
    DESCRIPTION   Operational status of an LSP.
    SYNTAX        Integer (ENUM) - {
                         "up"=1;
                         "down"=2;
                         "testing"=3;
                         "unknown"=4;
                         "dormant"=5;
                         "notPresent"=6;
                         "lowerLayerDown"=7
                  }

5.6.3. 
       The property mpLevel

  This property indicates the nesting level of this LSP.

  The property definition is as follows:

    NAME          mpLevel
    DESCRIPTION   LSP nesting level.
    SYNTAX        Integer


5.6.4. 
       The Property mpLocalLSPId

  This property is an integer that indicates the LSP id which is unique
  with reference to the Ingress LSR.

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  The property definition is as follows:

    NAME          mpLocalLSPID
    SYNTAX        Integer (must be in the range 0-65535)

5.6.5. 
       The Property mpResourceClass

  This property defines an integer to represent a resource class of the
  LSP.

  The property definition is as follows:

    NAME          mpResourceClass
    SYNTAX        Integer[] (must be non-negative)

5.6.6. 
       The Property mpHoldingPriority

  This property represents the holding priority of the LSP which is
  already set up. A newly set up LSP is only allowed to preempt the
  resources of this LSP if its set priority is higher than the hold
  priority.

    NAME          mpHoldingPriority
    DESCRIPTION   Holding priority for this LSP
    SYNTAX        Integer (must be in the range 0-255)

5.6.7. 
       The property mpIngressMayReroute

  This flag indicates that the LSP ingress node may choose to reroute
  this MPLS route without tearing it down.

  The property definition is as follows:

    NAME          mpIngressMayReroute
    DESCRIPTION   Fast reroute enabled
    SYNTAX        boolean

5.6.8. 
       The property mpIsPersistent

  This flag indicates whether this LSP should be restored automatically
  after a failure occurs.

  The property definition is as follows:

    NAME          mpIsPersistent
    DESCRIPTION   Indicates whether this MPLS route is
                  not
    SYNTAX        boolean

5.6.9. 
      The property mpIsPinned



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  This flag indicates whether the loosely-routed hops of this MPLS
  route are to be pinned (see [RSVP-TE][CRLDP]).

  The property definition is as follows:

    NAME          mpIsPinned
    DESCRIPTION   Indicates whether the route is pinned
    SYNTAX        boolean


5.6.10. The property mpLocalProtectionAvailable

  This flag permits transit routers to use a local repair mechanism
  which may result in violation of the explicit routing of this LSP.
  When a fault is detected on an adjacent downstream link or node, a
  transit router can reroute traffic for fast service restoration.

  The property definition is as follows:

    NAME          mpLocalProtectionAvailable
    DESCRIPTION   Indicates whether local protection is
    SYNTAX        boolean

5.6.11. The property mpIsAdaptive

  An LSP might need to re-route itself (e.g. due to re-optimization,
  connectivity problems, increase in bandwidth, etc.). If an LSP is
  configured to be adaptive, it
    (a) maintains existing resources until a new path is set up
    (b) avoids double-counting for links shared by the old and new
        paths.

  The property definition is as follows:

    NAME          mpIsAdaptive
    DESCRIPTION   A boolean indicating whether an MPLS route is
                  adaptive or not.
    SYNTAX        boolean
    DEFAULT VALUE true

5.6.12. The property Roles

  The Roles property specifies the set of roles this LSP may have. This
  property is defined in the CIM Core Information model [CIM] and
  therefore its definition is not repeated here. See PCIM for an
  explanation of how roles are used. (See also open issues at the end
  of the draft)



5.7. Class mplsPolicyFEC



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  The mplsPolicyFEC specifies the Forwarding Equivalence Class of an
  LSP. The FECs may differ depending on the application of MPLS. The
  association mplsFECFilterSet association associates a FilterList
  [CIM] with this class.

    NAME          mplsPolicyFEC
    DESCRIPTION   A Forwarding Equivalence Class of a Traffic Trunk or
                  an LSP
    DERIVED FROM  Policy (defined in [PCIM])
    ABSTRACT      FALSE
    PROPERTIES

5.8. Class mplsPolicyCRLSPTrfcProf

  This class represents CR-LSP traffic parameters as specified in
  [CRLDP]. The value of CR-LSP traffic profiles corresponds to the
  Traffic Parameter TLV carried in CR-LDP messages. The traffic profile
  is derived from the qosPolicyPRTrfcProf, where the property
  qpPRExcessBurst is used for the CR-LDP ExcessBurstSize, the qpPRRate
  replaces CR-LDP PeakDataRate, and qpNormalBurst refers to CR-LDP
  PeakBurstSize

  This class represents protocol-specific parameters and will likely be
  moved to a protocol-specific information model in the future.

    NAME          mplsPolicyCRLSPTrfcProf
    DESCRIPTION   Traffic profile of CR-LSP
    DERIVED FROM  qosPolicyPRTrfcProf (defined in [PQIM])
    ABSTRACT      False
    PROPERTIES    mpCRLSPFrequency,
                  mpCRLSPWeight,
                  mpCRLSPCommittedDataRate,
                  mpCRLSPCommittedBurstSize

5.8.1. 
       The Property mpCRLSPFrequency

  This property specifies at what granularity the CDR allocated to the
  CR-LSP is made available.

    NAME          mpCRLSPFrequency
    DESCRIPTION   Granularity of CDR
    SYNTAX        Integer (ENUM){
                          "Unspecified"=0;
                          "Frequent"=1;
                          "VeryFrequent"=2
                          }

5.8.2. 
       The Property mpCRLSPWeight

  This property represents the CR-LSP's relative share of the possible
  excess bandwidth above its committed rate.

    NAME          mpCRLSPWeight

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    DESCRIPTION   Relative share of the possible excess bandwidth
    SYNTAX        Integer (MUST be in the range 0-255)

5.8.3. 
       The Property mpCRLSPCommittedDataRate

  This property is a non-negative integer that defines the token rate
  parameter of committed data rate token bucket, measured in bytes per
  second. The property is defined as follows:

    NAME          mpCRLSPCommittedDataRate
    DESCRIPTION   Committed data rate
    SYNTAX        Integer (MUST be non-negative)

5.8.4. 
       The Property mpCRLSPCommittedBurstSize

  This property is a non-negative integer that defines the token bucket
  size parameter of committed data rate token bucket, measured in
  bytes.

  The property is defined as follows:

    NAME          mpCRLSPCommittedBurstSize
    DESCRIPTION   Committed burst size
    SYNTAX        Integer (MUST be non-negative)

5.9.  Class mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk

  This object class is used to represent an MPLS traffic trunk and its
  properties. A traffic trunk is an aggregation of traffic flows of
  the same class which are placed inside an LSP (or more than one
  LSPs, in the case of load balancing). Essentially, a traffic trunk
  is an abstract representation of traffic to which specific
  characteristics can be associated.

  This class contains properties describing attributes that can be
  associated with traffic trunks to influence their behavioral
  characteristics. Several of these attributes are drawn from RFC 2702
  [RFC2702]. The class definition is as follows:

    NAME          mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk
    DESCRIPTION   A class with several properties for
                  describing an MPLS traffic trunk.
    DERIVED FROM  LogicalElement
    ABSTRACT      False
    PROPERTIES    mpResourceClassAffinity,
                  mpPreemption,
                  mpPriority,
                  mpResilience,
                  mpTrafficProportion,
                  mpReoptimizationFreq,
                  Roles



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5.9.1. 
      The property mpResourceClassAffinity

  This property represents the resource class affinity attributes (see
  [RFC2702]) associated with a traffic trunk which can be used to
  specify the class of resources that are to be explicitly included or
  excluded from the path of the traffic trunk (the property
  mpResourceClass, which appears in object class mplsPolicyResources
  and in association mplsPolicyActiveConnection, describes the "class"
  that a resource belongs to). The mpResourceClassAffinity property
  contains
  a list of policy attributes which can be used to impose additional
  constraints on the path traversed by a given traffic trunk.  The
  resource class affinity property for a traffic trunk contains a
  string of the form:

    

  The "resource-class" parameter in the above identifies a resource
  class for which an affinity relationship is defined with respect to
  the traffic trunk. The "affinity" parameter above is a boolean value
  that indicates the affinity relationship; that is, whether members
  of the resource class are to be included or excluded from the path
  of the traffic trunk. The value "true" signifies explicit inclusion,
  and the value "false" specifies explicit exclusion.

  If no resource class affinity attributes are specified, then a
  "don't care" affinity relationship is assumed to hold between the
  traffic trunk and all resources. That is, there is no requirement to
  explicitly include or exclude any resources from the traffic trunk's
  path. This should be the default in practice.

  Resource class affinity attributes are very useful and powerful
  constructs because they can be used to implement a variety of
  policies. For example, they can be used to contain certain traffic
  trunks within specific topological regions of the network.

  A "constraint-based routing" framework (see [RFC2702]) can be used to
  compute an LSP for a traffic trunk subject to resource class
  affinity constraints in the following manner:

    1. For explicit inclusion, prune all resources not belonging
       to the specified classes before performing LSP computation.

    2. For explicit exclusion, prune all resources belonging to the
       specified classes before performing LSP computation.

  The property definition is as follows:

    NAME          mpResourceClassAffinity
    DESCRIPTION   String containing resource class affinities
    SYNTAX        string



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5.9.2. 
      The property mpPreemption

  The preemption attribute (see [RFC2702]) determines whether a traffic
  trunk can preempt another traffic trunk from a given path, and
  whether it can be preempted by another traffic trunk. Preemption can
  used to assure that high priority traffic trunks can always be
  routed through relatively favorable paths within a differentiated
  services environment. Preemption can also be used to implement
  various prioritized restoration policies following fault events.

  The preemption property can take one of four values, with the
  following semantics:
    1. preemptor-enabled: can preempt lower priority preemptable
       traffic trunks
    2. non-preemptor: cannot preempt other traffic trunks
    3. preemptable: can be preempted by higher priority preemptor-
       enabled traffic trunks
    4. non-preemptable: cannot be preempted.

  It is trivial to see that some of the preempt modes are mutually
  exclusive. Using the numbering scheme depicted above, the feasible
  preempt mode combinations for a given traffic trunk are as follows:
  (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), and (2, 4). The (2, 4) combination should be
  the default.

  A traffic trunk, say "A", can preempt another traffic trunk, say
  "B", only if *all* of the following five conditions hold:
    1. "A" has a relatively higher priority than "B"
    2. "A" contends for a resource utilized by "B"
    3. The resource cannot concurrently accommodate "A" and "B"
       based on certain decision criteria
    4. "A" is preemptor enabled
    5. "B" is preemptable.

  Preemption is not considered a mandatory attribute under the current
  best effort Internet service model, although it may be useful.
  However, in a differentiated services scenario, the need for
  preemption becomes more compelling. Moreover, in the emerging
  optical internetworking architectures, where some protection and
  restoration functions may be migrated from the optical layer to data
  network elements (such as gigabit and terabit label switching
  routers) to reduce costs, preemptive strategies can be used to
  reduce the restoration time for high priority traffic trunks under
  fault conditions.

     The property definition is as follows:

          NAME             mpPreemption
          DESCRIPTION      Contains preemptability information
          SYNTAX           Integer (MUST be in the range 1-4)


5.9.3. 
      The property mpPriority

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  The priority of a traffic trunk is described by this property. The
  priority property defines the relative importance of traffic trunks.
  If a constraint-based routing framework is used with MPLS,
  priorities can be used to determine the order in which path
  selection is done for traffic trunks at connection establishment and
  under fault scenarios. Priorities are also important in
  implementations permitting preemption because they can be used to
  impose a partial order on the set of traffic trunks according to
  which preemptive policies can be applied. The priority of a traffic
  trunk, along with its preemptability information (see the
  description of the mpPreemption property in the previous section),
  determines when it will preempt and/or be preempted by other traffic
  trunks.

  The property definition is as follows:

    NAME          mpPriority
    DESCRIPTION   Priority for this traffic trunk.
    SYNTAX        Integer

5.9.4. 
      The property mpResilience

  The mpResilience property indicates the recovery procedure to be
  applied to traffic trunks whose paths are impacted by faults. More
  specifically, it contains a boolean value that determines whether
  the target traffic trunk is to be rerouted or not when segments of
  its path fail.

  Note that RFC 2702[RFC2702] discusses extended resilience attributes
  that could be used to specify detailed actions to be taken when
  faults occur. The representation of such attributes is left for
  further study.

  The property definition is as follows:

    NAME          mpResilience
    DESCRIPTION   If set to true, this traffic trunk should be
                  rerouted in case of failure; if false, it
                  should not.
    SYNTAX        boolean

5.9.5. 
      The property mpTrafficProportion

  This property is used to indicate the relative proportion of traffic
  to be carried by parallel traffic trunks. This enables one to
  perform load distribution across multiple parallel traffic trunks
  between two nodes.  In many practical situations, the aggregate
  traffic between two nodes may be such that no single link can carry
  the load. In this case, the only feasible solution is to
  appropriately divide the aggregate traffic into sub-streams and
  route the sub-streams through multiple paths between the two nodes.
  This problem can be addressed by instantiating multiple traffic

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  trunks between the two nodes, such that each traffic trunk carries a
  proportion of the aggregate traffic. The proportion of traffic
  carried by each such trunk is specified by the mpTrafficProportion
  property.

  The property definition is as follows:

    NAME          mpTrafficProportion
    DESCRIPTION   Proportion of traffic to be carried by this
                  traffic trunk, specified as a percentage from
                  0 to 100.
    SYNTAX        Integer

5.9.6. 
      The property mpReoptimizationFreq

  Due to changes in network and traffic characteristics, there may be
  a need to periodically change the paths of traffic trunks for
  optimization purposes. This should not be done too frequently as
  this could adversely affect the stability of the network. This
  property indicates how often such reoptimization should be
  performed.

  The property definition is as follows:

    NAME          mpReoptimizationFreq
    DESCRIPTION   Indicates how frequently reoptimization should
                  be performed for this traffic trunk. If the
                  value of this property is set to zero, this
                  indicates that reoptimization should not be
                  performed.
    SYNTAX        Integer

5.9.7. 
      The property Roles

  The Roles property specifies the set of roles this TT may have. This
  property is defined in the CIM Core Information model [CIM] and
  therefore its definition is not repeated here. See PCIM for an
  explanation of how roles are used.

5.10. 
      Class mplsPolicyRouteSpec

   This object class is used to represent a specification of a path for
   routing an MPLS traffic trunk/LSP. An LSP can be created based on a
   route specification using the mplsPolicyLSPAction.

   The class definition is as follows:

     NAME          mplsPolicyRouteSpec
     DESCRIPTION   A class describing an MPLS route specification.
     DERIVED FROM  LogicalElement
     ABSTRACT      False
     PROPERTIES    mpIngressIPAddress,
                   MpEgressIPAddress

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5.10.1. The property mpIngressIPAddress

   Ingress IP address for this MPLS route.

   The property definition is as follows:

     NAME          mpIngressIPAddress
     DESCRIPTION   Ingress IP address for this MPLS route.
     SYNTAX        string

5.10.2. The property mpEgressIPAddress

   Egress IP address for this MPLS route.

   The property definition is as follows:

     NAME          mpEgressIPAddress
     DESCRIPTION   Egress IP address for this MPLS route.
     SYNTAX        string

5.11. 
      Class mplsPolicyProtocolEndpoint

  This class is derived from ProtocolEndpoint [CIM] and represents a
  hop in the route of LSP or Traffic Trunk. A hop represents an LSR
  interface and this class provides a way to assign roles of an LSR
  interface such as "MPLS_INGRESS", "MPLS_EGRESS", "MPLS_CORE", etc.

    NAME          mplsPolicyProtocolEndpoint
    DESCRIPTION   A class that represents a LSR interface.
    DERIVED FROM  ProtocolEndpoint (defined in [CIM])
    ABSTRACT      False
    PROPERTIES    Roles

5.11.1. The Property Roles

  The Roles property specifies the set of roles this
  mplsPolicyProtocolEndpoint may have. This property is defined in the
  CIM Core Information model [CIM] and therefore its definition is not
  repeated here. See PCIM for an explanation of how roles are used.

5.12. 
      Class mplsPolicyResources

   This class represents resources associated with LSRs and with
   interfaces on LSRs. The resources described by this class are
   associated with the corresponding LSRs/interfaces via the
   mplsPolicySystemResources and the mplsPolicyEndpointResources
   associations, respectively.

   The class definition is as follows:

     NAME          mplsPolicyResources
     DESCRIPTION   Resources associated with LSRs and their

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                   interfaces
     ABSTRACT      False
     DERIVED FROM  LogicalElement,
     PROPERTIES    mpBufferResources,
                   mpMaxAllocMultiplier,
                   mpResourceClass

5.12.1. The property mpBufferResources

   Buffer resources for an LSR or an LSR interface.

   The property definition is as follows:

     NAME          mpBufferResources
     DESCRIPTION   Buffer resources.
     SYNTAX        Integer

5.12.2. The property mpMaxAllocMultiplier

   The maximum allocation multiplier (MAM) (see [RFC2702]) of a
   resource determines the proportion of the resource that is available
   for allocation to traffic trunks.  This attribute is applicable to
   buffer resources on LSRs. The value of the MAM can be chosen so that
   a resource can be under-allocated or over-allocated. A resource is
   said to be under-allocated if the aggregate demands of all traffic
   trunks that can be allocated to it are always less than the capacity
   of the resource. A resource is said to be over-allocated if the
   aggregate demands of all traffic trunks allocated to it can exceed
   the capacity of the resource.

   The property definition is as follows:

     NAME          mpMaxAllocMultiplier
     DESCRIPTION   Proportion of buffer resources that are
                   available for allocation to traffic trunks.
     SYNTAX        Integer

5.12.3. The property mpResourceClass

   This property describes the "class" that a resource belongs to (see
   [RFC2702]). Thus a resource class can be viewed as a "color"
   assigned to a resource such that the set of resources with the same
   "color" conceptually belongs to the same class. Resource classes can
   be used to implement a variety of policies. From a Traffic
   Engineering perspective, they can be used to implement many policies
   with regard to both traffic and resource oriented performance
   optimization. For example, resource class attributes can be used to
   apply uniform policies to a set of resources; specify the relative
   preference of sets of resources for path placement of traffic
   trunks; explicitly restrict the placement of traffic trunks to
   specific subsets of resources; etc. In general, a resource can be
   assigned more than one resource class attribute. For example, all of
   the OC-48 links in a given network may be assigned a distinguished

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   resource class attribute. The subsets of OC-48 links which exist
   within a given domain of the  network may be assigned additional
   resource class attributes in order to implement specific containment
   policies, or to architect the network in a certain manner.

   The property definition is as follows:

     NAME          mpResourceClass
     DESCRIPTION   Resource class(es) that a resource belongs to.
     SYNTAX        Integer[]

5.13. 
      Association mplsPolicySystemResources

   The association mplsPolicySystemResources associates a set of
   resources (object class mplsPolicyResources) with an LSR (modeled by
   an instance of ComputerSystem as defined in the CIM model [CIM]).

   The association definition is as follows:

     NAME          mplsPolicySystemResources
     DESCRIPTION   Associates MPLS resources with an LSR.
     ABSTRACT      False
     PROPERTIES    mpResources[ref MPLSResources [0..1]],
                   mpLSR [ref ComputerSystem[0..n]]

5.13.1. The reference mpResources

   This property contains an object reference to an mplsPolicyResources
   instance to which zero or one ComputerSystems (representing LSRs)
   can be associated. The [0..1] cardinality indicates that there may
   be zero or one instances of mplsPolicyResources associated with any
   given LSR.


5.13.2. The reference mpLSR
    
   This property contains an object reference to a ComputerSystem
   (representing an LSR) that is associated with mplsPolicyResources.
   The [0..n] cardinality indicates that there may be 0, 1, or more
   than one LSRs associated with any given mplsPolicyResources
   instance. These LSRs all have the same resource specifications.

5.14. 
      Association mplsPolicyEndpointResources

   The association mplsPolicyEndpointResources associates a set of
   resources (object class mplsPolicyResources) with an interface of an
   LSR (modeled by an instance of mplsPolicyProtocolEndpoint).

   The association definition is as follows:

     NAME          mplsPolicyEndpointResources
     DESCRIPTION   Associates MPLS resources with an interface
                   of an LSR.

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     ABSTRACT      False
     PROPERTIES    mpResources[ref mplsPolicyResources [0..1]],
                   mpPE [ref mplsPolicyProtocolEndpoint [0..n]]

5.14.1. The reference mpResources
    
   This property contains an object reference to an mplsPolicyResources
   instance to which zero or one mplsPolicyProtocolEndpoints
   (representing interfaces on LSRs) can be associated. The [0..1]
   cardinality indicates that there may be zero or one instances of
   mplsPolicyResources associated with any given LSR interface.


5.14.2. The reference mpPE
    
   This property contains an object reference to a
   mplsPolicyProtocolEndpoint (representing an LSR interface) that is
   associated with mplsPolicyResources. The [0..n] cardinality
   indicates that there may be 0, 1, or more than one LSR interfaces
   associated with any given mplsPolicyResources instance. These LSR
   interfaces all have the same resource specifications.

5.15. 
      Association mplsPolicyActiveConnection

   The association mplsPolicyActiveConnection associates a
   mplsPolicyProtocolEndpoint with another and represents a link
   between them. Here mplsPolicyProtocolEndpoint represents an LSR
   interface.

   The association definition is as follows:

     NAME          mplsPolicyActiveConnection
     DESCRIPTION   Represents a link between two LSR interfaces
     ABSTRACT      false
     DERIVED FROM  ActiveConnection (from [CIM])
     PROPERTIES    mpEndpoint1 [ref mplsPolicyProtocolEndpoint [0..n]],
                   mpEndpoint2 [ref mplsPolicyProtocolEndpoint [0..n]],
                   mpBandwidth,
                   mpMaxAllocMultiplier,
                   mpResourceClass

5.15.1. The reference mpEndpoint1
    
   This property contains a reference to a mplsPolicyProtocolEndpoint
   instance (representing an LSR interface) to which zero or more
   ProtocolEndpoints (also representing LSR interfaces) can be
   associated, representing a connection between the
   mplsPolicyProtocolEndpoints. The [0..n] cardinality indicates that
   there may be zero or more instances of mplsPolicyProtocolEndpoint
   associated with any given mplsPolicyProtocolEndpoint.


5.15.2. The reference mpEndpoint2

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   This property contains a reference to a mplsPolicyProtocolEndpoint
   instance (representing an LSR interface) to which zero or more
   ProtocolEndpoints (also representing LSR interfaces) can be
   associated, representing a connection between the
   mplsPolicyProtocolEndpoints. The [0..n] cardinality indicates that
   there may be zero or more instances of mplsPolicyProtocolEndpoint
   associated with any given mplsPolicyProtocolEndpoint.

5.15.3.  The property mpBandwidth

   Bandwidth for the link represented by this connection.
   The property definition is as follows:

     NAME          mpBandwidth
     DESCRIPTION   Link bandwidth
     SYNTAX        Integer

5.15.4.  The property mpMaxAllocMultiplier

   The maximum allocation multiplier (MAM) (see [RFC2702]) of a
   resource determines the proportion of the resource that is available
   for allocation to traffic trunks.  This attribute is applicable to
   link bandwidth. The values of the MAM can be chosen so that a
   resource can be under-allocated or over-allocated. A resource is
   said to be under-allocated if the aggregate demands of all traffic
   trunks that can be allocated to it are always less than the capacity
   of the resource. A resource is said to be over-allocated if the
   aggregate demands of all traffic trunks allocated to it can exceed
   the capacity of the resource.

   The property definition is as follows:

     NAME          mpMaxAllocMultiplier
     DESCRIPTION   Proportion of link bandwidth that is available
                   for allocation.
     SYNTAX        Integer


5.15.5. The property mpResourceClass

   This property describes the "class" that a resource belongs to. Thus
   a resource class can be viewed as a "color" assigned to a resource
   such that the set of resources with the same "color" conceptually
   belong to the same class. Resource classes can be used to implement
   a variety of policies. From a Traffic Engineering perspective, they
   can be used to implement many policies with regard to both traffic
   and resource oriented performance optimization. For example,
   resource class attributes can be used to apply uniform policies to a
   set of resources; specify the relative preference of sets of
   resources for path placement of traffic trunks; explicitly restrict
   the placement of traffic trunks to specific subsets of resources;
   etc. In general, a resource can be assigned more than one resource

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   class attribute. For example, all of the OC-48 links in a given
   network may be assigned a distinguished resource class attribute.
   The subsets of OC-48 links which exist within a given domain of the
   network may be assigned additional resource class attributes in
   order to implement specific containment policies, or to architect
   the network in a certain manner.

   The property definition is as follows:

     NAME          mpResourceClass
     DESCRIPTION   Resource class assigned to this link.
     SYNTAX        Integer[]

5.16. 
      Association mplsPolicyHopInRoute

   The association mplsPolicyHopInRoute provides a way to associate
   hops with mplsPolicyRouteSpec. Hops are instances of
   mplsPolicyProtocolEndpoint and represent LSR interfaces.

   The association definition is as follows:

     NAME          mplsPolicyHopInRoute
     DESCRIPTION   Associates hops with mplsPolicyRouteSpec
     ABSTRACT      False
     PROPERTIES    mpRoute[ref mplsPolicyRouteSpec[0..n]],
                   mpHop[ref mplsPolicyProtocolEndpoint[0..n]],
                   mpIsStrict,
                   mpOrder

5.16.1. The reference mpRoute
    
   This property contains an object reference to an mplsPolicyRouteSpec
   with which a number of hops can be associated. The [0..n]
   cardinality indicates that there may be 0, 1, or more than one
   mplsPolicyRouteSpec associated with any given hop, indicating that
   this hop is contained in all these routes.

5.16.2. The reference mpHop
    
   This property contains an object reference to a
   mplsPolicyProtocolEndpoint (representing an LSR interface) that is a
   hop for an mplsPolicyRouteSpec. The [0..n] cardinality indicates
   that there may be 0, 1, or more than one hops associated with any
   given mplsPolicyRouteSpec. These are all the hops that are included
   in the route specification.

5.16.3. The property mpIsStrict

   Denotes whether the referenced hop is routed in a strict or loose
   fashion.

   The property definition is as follows:


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     NAME          mpIsStrict
     DESCRIPTION   Denotes whether the referenced hop is routed
                   in a strict or loose fashion.
     SYNTAX        boolean
    
5.16.4. The property mpOrder

   This property indicates the hop sequence, 1..n.

   The property definition is as follows:

     NAME          mpOrder
     DESCRIPTION   Hop sequence
     SYNTAX        Integer

5.17. 
      Association mplsPolicyEligibleRouteSpec

   The association mplsPolicyEligibleRouteSpec associates an MPLS
   traffic trunk with a route specification that is a potential route
   for this traffic trunk.

   The association definition is as follows:

     NAME          mplsPolicyEligibleRouteSpec
     DESCRIPTION   Associates a traffic trunk with a route
                   specification that is a potential route for
                   this traffic trunk.
     ABSTRACT      false
     PROPERTIES    mpTT [ref MplsPolicyTrafficTrunk [0..n]],
                   mpRoute [ref MplsPolicyRouteSpec [0..n]],
                   mpPreference,
                   mpIsMandatory

5.17.1. The reference mpTT
    
   This property contains an object reference to an
   mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk instance associated with an
   mplsPolicyRouteSpec. The [0..n] cardinality indicates that there may
   be zero or more instances of mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk associated with
   any given mplsPolicyRouteSpec; i.e. zero or more traffic trunks may
   share the same route specification, indicating that this route
   specification is an eligible route for these traffic trunks.

5.17.2. The reference mpRoute
    
   This property contains an object reference to an mplsPolicyRouteSpec
   that is associated with an mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk. The [0..n]
   cardinality indicates that there may be 0, 1, or more than one
   mplsPolicyRouteSpecs associated with any given
   mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk instance; i.e. any traffic trunk can have
   multiple eligible route specifications.



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5.17.3. The property mpPreference

   This property represents the preference for the referenced route by
   the referenced traffic trunk.

   The property definition is as follows:

     NAME          mpPreference
     DESCRIPTION   Preference for the referenced route for the
                  referenced traffic trunk.
     SYNTAX        Integer

5.17.4. The property mpIsMandatory

   Indicates whether this is a mandatory route for this traffic trunk
   or not.

   The property definition is as follows:

     NAME          mpIsMandatory
     DESCRIPTION   Indicates whether this is a mandatory route
                   for this traffic trunk or not.
     SYNTAX        boolean


5.18. 
      Association mplsPolicyReverseDirTT

   The association mplsPolicyReverseDirTT associates an MPLS traffic
   trunk with a traffic trunk going in the reverse direction.

   The association definition is as follows:

     NAME          mplsPolicyReverseDirTT
     DESCRIPTION   Associates a traffic trunk with another going
                  in the reverse direction.
     ABSTRACT      False
     PROPERTIES    mpTT1 [ref mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk [0..1]],
                   mpTT2 [ref mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk [0..1]]

5.18.1. The reference mpTT1
    
   This property contains an object reference to an
   mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk instance to which zero or one
   mplsPolicyTrafficTrunks can be associated. An mplsPolicyReverseDirTT
   association between two traffic trunks represents the fact that
   these traffic trunks carry traffic in opposite directions. The
   [0..1] cardinality indicates that there may be zero or one instances
   of mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk associated with any given
   mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk.

5.18.2. The reference mpTT2
    


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   This property contains an object reference to an
   mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk instance to which zero or one
   mplsPolicyTrafficTrunks can be associated. An mplsPolicyReverseDirTT
   association between two traffic trunks represents the fact that
   these traffic trunks carry traffic in opposite directions. The
   [0..1] cardinality indicates that there may be zero or one instances
   of mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk associated with any given
   mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk.

5.19. 
      Association mplsPolicyRealizes

   The association mplsPolicyRealizes associates an LSP with an MPLS
   route specification (mplsPolicyRouteSpec). Such an association
   exists if the referenced LSP is an implementation of the referenced
   route specification. Recall that a route specification could be
   loosely or strictly specified; an LSP associated to a route
   specification via the mplsPolicyRealizes association satisfies all
   the constraints laid down in this route specification.

   The association definition is as follows:

     NAME          mplsPolicyRealizes
     DESCRIPTION   Associates an LSP with a route specification.
     ABSTRACT      False
     PROPERTIES    mpLSP [ref mplsPolicyLSP [0..n]],
                   mpRouteSpec [ref mplsPolicyRouteSpec [0..n]]

5.19.1. The reference mpLSP
    
   This property contains an object reference to an mplsPolicyLSP
   instance associated with an mplsPolicyRouteSpec. The [0..n]
   cardinality indicates that there may be zero or more instances of
   mplsPolicyLSP associated with any given mplsPolicyRouteSpec; i.e.
   zero or more LSPs can be a realization of the same route
   specification.


5.19.2. The reference mpRouteSpec
    
   This property contains an object reference to an mplsPolicyRouteSpec
   that is associated with an mplsPolicyLSP. The [0..n] cardinality
   indicates that there may be 0, 1, or more than one
   mplsPolicyRouteSpecs associated with any given mplsPolicyLSP
   instance; i.e. any LSP can be a realization of have zero or more
   route specifications.

5.20. 
     Association mplsPolicyCurrentlyAssignedLSP

   The association mplsPolicyCurrentlyAssignedLSP associates the LSP to
   which a traffic trunk is assigned with that traffic trunk.

   The association definition is as follows:


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     NAME          mplsPolicyCurrentlyAssignedLSP
     DESCRIPTION   Associates a traffic trunk with the LSP
                   assigned to it.
     ABSTRACT      False
     PROPERTIES    mpTT [ref MplsPolicyTrafficTrunk [0..n]],
                   mpLSP [ref mplsPolicyLSP [0..n]]

5.20.1. The reference mpTT
    
   This property contains an object reference to an
   mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk instance to which zero or more mplsPolicyLSPs
   can be associated. An mplsPolicyCurrentlyAssignedLSP association
   between a traffic trunk and an LSP represents the fact that this LSP
   is currently carrying the traffic for this traffic trunk. The [0..n]
   cardinality indicates that there may be zero or more instances of
   mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk associated with any given mplsPolicySLSP,
   i.e. an LSP could be carrying traffic for zero or more traffic
   trunks.

5.20.2. The reference mpLSP
    
   This property contains an object reference to an mplsPolicyLSP
   instance to which zero or more mplsPolicyTrafficTrunks can be
   associated. An mplsPolicyCurrentlyAssignedLSP association between a
   traffic trunk and an LSP represents the fact that this LSP is
   currently carrying the traffic for this traffic trunk. The [0..n]
   cardinality indicates that there may be zero or more instances of
   mplsPolicyLSP associated with any given mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk, i.e.
   these LSPs are sharing the traffic load for this traffic trunk.

5.21. 
      Association mplsPolicyBackupLSP

   The association mplsPolicyBackupLSP associates a backup LSP with an
   MPLS traffic trunk. The idea is that this LSP can be used as a
   backup for this traffic trunk if necessary.

   The association definition is as follows:

     NAME          mplsPolicyBackupLSP
     DESCRIPTION   Associates a backup LSP with a traffic trunk.
     ABSTRACT      False
     PROPERTIES    mpTT [ref mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk [0..n]],
                   mpLSP [ref mplsPolicyLSP [0..n]],
                   mpPreference

5.21.1. The reference mpTT
    
   This property contains an object reference to an
   mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk instance with which zero or more
   mplsPolicyLSPs can be associated. An mplsPolicyBackupLSP association
   between a traffic trunk and an LSP represents the fact that this LSP
   is a backup for this traffic trunk and can be used in
   failure/congestion situations. The [0..n] cardinality indicates that

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   there may be zero or more instances of mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk
   associated with any given mplsPolicyLSP, i.e. an LSP can be a backup
   for zero or more traffic trunks.

5.21.2. The reference mpLSP
    
   This property contains an object reference to an mplsPolicyLSP
   instance with which zero or more mplsPolicyTrafficTrunks can be
   associated. An mplsPolicyBackupLSP association between a traffic
   trunk and an LSP represents the fact that that this LSP is a backup
   for this traffic trunk and can be used in failure/congestion
   situations. The [0..n] cardinality indicates that there may be zero
   or more instances of mplsPolicyLSP associated with any given
   mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk, i.e. there may be zero or more backup LSPs
   for this traffic trunk.


5.21.3. The property mpPreference

   This property represents the preference for the referenced backup
   LSP by the referenced traffic trunk. In other words, an explicit
   order can be imposed on all the backup LSPs for a traffic trunk to
   indicate a sequence of backup LSPs ordered from most preferred to
   least preferred.

   The property definition is as follows:

     NAME          mpPreference
     DESCRIPTION   Preference for the referenced backup LSP for
                  the referenced traffic trunk.
     SYNTAX        Integer

5.22. 
      Association mplsPolicyLSPinLSP

   The association mplsPolicyLSPinLSP associates an LSP with another
   LSP and indicates a hierarchical relationship between the two LSPs.

   The association definition is as follows:

     NAME          mplsPolicyLSPinLSP
     DESCRIPTION   Associates an LSP with another LSP, indicating
                   a hierarchical relationship between the two.
     ABSTRACT      False
     PROPERTIES    mpContainingLSP [ref mplsPolicyLSP [0..n]],
                   mpContainedLSP [ref mplsPolicyLSP [0..n]]

5.22.1. The reference mpContainingLSP
    
   This property contains an object reference to an mplsPolicyLSP
   instance associated with another mplsPolicyLSP. The [0..n]
   cardinality indicates that there may be zero or more instances of
   mplsPolicyLSP associated with other mplsPolicyLSPs via this


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   association, indicating that these LSPs all contain the referenced
   LSP.

5.22.2. The reference mpContainedLSP
    
   This property contains an object reference to an mplsPolicyLSP
   instance associated with another mplsPolicyLSP. The [0..n]
   cardinality indicates that there may be zero or more instances of
   mplsPolicyLSP associated with other mplsPolicyLSPs via this
   association, indicating that these LSPs are all contained in the
   referenced LSP.

5.23. 
      Association mplsPolicyTT_TrafficProfile

   The association mplsPolicyTT_TrafficProfile associates a traffic
   trunk with a traffic profile, represented by an instance of
   qosPolicyTrafficProfile. This traffic profile describes the
   characteristics of the traffic carried by the referenced traffic
   trunk.

   The association definition is as follows:

     NAME          mplsPolicyTT_TrafficProfile
     DESCRIPTION   Associates a traffic trunk with a traffic
                   profile.
     ABSTRACT      False
     PROPERTIES    mpTT [ref mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk [0..n]],
                   mpTrfcProf[ref qosPolicyTrafficProfile [0..1]]

5.23.1. The reference mpTT
    
   This property contains an object reference to an
   mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk instance associated with a
   qosPolicyTrafficProfile. The [0..n] cardinality indicates that there
   may be zero or more instances of mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk associated
   with any given qosPolicyTrafficProfile; i.e. zero or more traffic
   trunks can share the same traffic profile specification.


5.23.2. The reference mpTrfcProf
    
  This property contains an object reference to a
  qosPolicyTrafficProfile that is associated with an
  mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk. The [0..1] cardinality indicates that there
  may be zero or one traffic profiles associated with any given traffic
  trunk.

5.24. 
      Association mplsPolicyLSP_TrafficProfile

   The association mplsPolicyLSP_TrafficProfile associates an LSP with
   a traffic profile, represented by an instance of
   qosPolicyTrafficProfile. This traffic profile describes the
   characteristics of the traffic carried by the referenced LSP.

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   The association definition is as follows:

     NAME          mplsPolicyLSP_TrafficProfile
     DESCRIPTION   Associates an LSP with a traffic profile.
     ABSTRACT      False
     PROPERTIES    mpLSP [ref mplsPolicyLSP [0..n]],
                   mpTrfcProf[ref qosPolicyTrafficProfile [0..1]]

5.24.1. The reference mpLSP
    
   This property contains an object reference to an mplsPolicyLSP
   instance associated with a qosPolicyTrafficProfile. The [0..n]
   cardinality indicates that there may be zero or more instances of
   mplsPolicyLSP associated with any given qosPolicyTrafficProfile;
   i.e. zero or more LSPs can share the same traffic profile
   specification.

5.24.2. The reference mpTrfcProf
    
  This property contains an object reference to a
  qosPolicyTrafficProfile that is associated with an mplsPolicyLSP. The
  [0..1] cardinality indicates that there may be zero or one traffic
  profiles associated with any given LSP.

5.25. 
      Association mplsPolicyFECofTrunk

   The association mplsPolicyFECofTrunk associates a Traffic Trunk with
   an FEC, represented by an instance of qosPolicyTrafficTrunk.

   The association definition is as follows:

     NAME          mplsPolicyFECofTrunk
     DESCRIPTION   Associates a Traffic Trunk with a FEC.
     ABSTRACT      False
     PROPERTIES    mpTT [ref mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk [0..n]],
                   mpFEC[ref mplsPolicyFEC [0..1]]

5.25.1. The reference mpLSP
    
   This property contains an object reference to an
   mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk instance associated with a mplsPolicyFEC. The
   [0..n] cardinality indicates that there may be zero or more
   instances of mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk associated with any given
   mplsPolicyFEC; i.e. zero or more LSPs can share the same FEC
   specification.

5.25.2. The reference mpFEC
    
  This property contains an object reference to an mplsPolicyFEC that
  is associated with an mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk. The [0..1] cardinality
  indicates that there may be zero or one FEC associated with any given
  traffic trunk.

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5.26. 
      Association mplsPolicyFECofLSP

   The association mplsPolicyFECofLSP associates an LSP with a FEC.

   The association definition is as follows:

     NAME          mplsPolicyFECofLSP
     DESCRIPTION   Associates an LSP with a FEC.
     ABSTRACT      False
     PROPERTIES    mpLSP [ref mplsPolicyLSP [0..n]],
                   mpFEC[ref mplsPolicyFEC [0..1]]

5.26.1. The reference mpLSP
    
   This property contains an object reference to an mplsPolicyLSP
   instance associated with a mplsPolicyFEC. The [0..n] cardinality
   indicates that there may be zero or more instances of mplsPolicyLSP
   associated with any given mplsPolicyFEC; i.e. zero or more LSPs can
   share the same FEC specification.

5.26.2. The reference mpFEC
    
  This property contains an object reference to an mplsPolicyFEC that
  is associated with an mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk. The [0..1] cardinality
  indicates that there may be zero or one FEC associated with any given
  LSP.

5.27. 
      Association mplsPolicyFECFilterSet

  The association mplsPolicyFECFilterSet associates a FilterList [CIM]
  with an mplsPolicyFEC. A FilterList represents the packet identifier
  of the FEC.

    NAME          mplsPolicyFECFilterSet
    DESCRIPTION
    ABSTRACT      False
    PROPERTIES    mpFEC[ref mplsPolicyFEC[0..n],
                  mpFilter[ref FilterList[0..n],
                  mpFilterListPosition

5.27.1. The Property mpFEC

  This property contains an object reference to an mplsPolicyFEC
  instance with which a number of filters can be associated. The [0..n]
  cardinality indicates that there may be 0, 1, or more than one
  mplsPolicyFEC associated with any given filter. i.e. zero or more
  FECs can share the same Filter specification.


5.27.2. The Property mpFilter


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  This property contains an object reference to a FilterList[CIM]
  instance. The [0..n] cardinality indicates that there may be 0, 1, or
  more than one FilterList associated with any given FEC.

5.27.3. The Property mpFilterListPosition

  This property indicates the position of the FilterList in the FEC.
  The property is defined as follows:

    NAME          mpFilterListPosition
    DESCRIPTION
    SYNTAX        Integer (MUST be non-negative)

6. Examples

6.1. Establishing an LSP

   This section provides an example that shows how the classes defined
   above as part of the QoS information model for MPLS may be used in a
   typical policy scenario. For the example scenario we assume an MPLS
   network and two hosts (A and B) outside the MPLS domain (see Figure
   4).

       1.2.3.4
        +--------+
        | Host A |         +------------------+
        +--------+        /                    \
            |         +---------+              |  2.3.4.5
            \--...--->| Ingress |         +--------+
                      +---------+         | Egress |--\
                1.2.3.5   |               +--------+  |
                          \   MPLS domain      /      |      +--------+
                           +------------------+       \-...->| Host B |
                                                             +--------+
                                                            2.3.4.6

                         Figure 4: Example MPLS Network

   Furthermore, we assume for the scenario that traffic from A to B
   should be mapped to a specific forwarding equivalence class of a
   newly created LSP. The LSP be specified with a committed data rate
   of 10Mb/s.












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   A provisioning policy to establish the LSP can be represented using
   the classes defined in the MPLS information model as follows:


       +--------------+
       |  PolicyRule  |
       +--------------+
         |
         |
       +------------------------+
       |  mplsPolicyLSPAction   |
       +------------------------+
         |
         |
       +------------------+
       |  mplsPolicyLSP   |
       +------------------+
         |
         |   +-----------------+
         |-- |  mplsPolicyFEC  |
         |   +-----------------+
         |      |
         |      |  +----------------------------------+
         |      \--|  FilterList                      |
         |         |    TrafficType=IPv4              |
         |         |    SourceIPAddress=1.2.3.4       |
         |         |    DestinationIPAddress=2.3.4.6  |
         |         +----------------------------------+
         |
         |   +---------------------------+
         |-- |  qosPolicyTrfcProf        |
         |   |   qpPRRate=10Mb/s         |
         |   +---------------------------+
         |
         |   +---------------------------------+
         \-- |  mplsPolicyRouteSpec            |
             |    mpIngressIPAddress=1.2.3.5   |
             |    mpEgressIPAddress=2.3.4.5    |
             +---------------------------------+

               Figure 5: Representation of the example policy rule

   The policy object illustrated in Figure 5 is built from policy
   classes defined in CIM, QPIM and this document. The root of the
   policy object is a rule object that is associated with no conditions
   (i.e. provisioning case) and on LSP establishing action
   (mplsPolicyLSPAction). The LSP is specified by an instance of
   mplsPolicyLSP. The specification includes FEC specification
   (mplsPolicyFEC), a specification of the LSP traffic profile of the
   LSP (qosPolicyTrafficProfile) and the route specification
   (mplsPolicyRouteSpec).


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6.2. Network wide bandwidth adjustment example

   The following example demonstrates the use of our information model
   to define policies that are applied on a network-wide basis. In this
   example, we describe the implementation of a network-wide policy
   that varies bandwidth allocations based on time of day and type of
   traffic using the policy information model. Traffic Trunks in the
   network are assigned "roles" in accordance with the Olympic Services
   Model, i.e. they are marked as "gold", "silver" or "bronze"
   according to the QoS properties of the traffic that they carry. A
   network-wide policy controls the bandwidth allocation associated
   with these traffic trunks.

   Specifically, the bandwidth for all gold TTs is reduced by 50%
   during nights and weekends. This could be potentially useful if the
   Service Level Agreements are such that a number of customers require
   gold service during business hours on weekdays, while they subscribe
   to lower service levels during non-business hours and weekends.

   Policy rules are defined to describe the time-varying bandwidth
   allocations to the appropriate Traffic Trunks. Associated with each
   traffic trunk is a traffic profile that describes the resource
   requirements for this trunk. Also associated with each traffic trunk
   are one or more route specifications that specify possible ways of
   routing this traffic trunk through the network. Each such route
   specification has its hops specified.

   For purposes of illustration, we assume the presence of a traffic
   engineering module that uses these specifications, along with
   information about the current nodes and links in the network, to
   compute appropriate constrained routes from these route
   specifications. In other words, not all route specifications will
   necessarily be used to create LSPs. Each traffic trunk is assigned
   to one or more LSPs according to its bandwidth requirements.

   When the TT's bandwidth requirements are modified, the traffic
   engineering module attempts to resize the LSP(s) for this TT to
   accommodate the new bandwidth demand. If the existing LSPs are not
   adequate, the traffic engineering module performs computations so
   that new LSPs are established, in the manner described above.

   Note that another scenario could be that the policy information
   model and the traffic provide no route specifications engineering
   module computes suitable LSPs based on traffic trunk attributes
   alone.

   For this example, the policy-based system contains the following:

   - A number of activated TTs (instance of mplsPolicyTrafficTrunk),
   each one assigned to one or more already established LSPs (instance
   of mplsPolicyLSP). For the assignment association an instance of
   mplsPolicyCurrentlyAssignedLSP association is used.


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   - Each TT is characterized as either "gold", "silver" or "bronze",
   according to the QoS requirements of the traffic that is being
   forwarded through it, using its Roles property to store this value.
   - Each TT is associated (instance of mplsPolicyTT_TrafficProfile
   association) with one traffic profile (instance of
   qosPolicyPRTrfcProf).
   - Each TT is associated (instance of mplsPolicyEligibleRouteSpec
   association) with zero or more eligible route specifications
   (instance of mplsPolicyRouteSpec).
   - Each LSP is associated (instance of mplsPolicyLSPTrafficProfile
   association) with one traffic profile.


   To implement the network-wide policy described above, the following
   two policy rules are required for the gold TTs:

   Policy Rule 1: Roles property is set to "gold TT"
           IF "time is 8am" AND ("day is Monday" OR "day is Tuesday"
                           OR "day is Wednesday" OR "day is Thursday"
                           OR "day is Friday")
           THEN "Modify TT: Increase traffic profile bandwidth by 100%"

   Policy Rule 2: Roles property is set to "gold TT"
           IF "time is 5pm" AND ("day is Monday" OR "day is Tuesday"
                           OR "day is Wednesday" OR "day is Thursday"
                           OR "day is Friday")
           THEN "Modify TT: Decrease traffic profile bandwidth by 50%"

   The semantics of the first rule is that when the condition becomes
   true, it modifies the traffic profile of all the gold TTs, such that
   their bandwidth is increased by 100%.

   In a similar fashion, the semantics of the second rule is that when
   the condition becomes true, it modifies the traffic profile of all
   the gold TTs such that their bandwidths get decreased by 50%. Note
   that the increase and decrease is the same absolute amount.

   Note that the "Roles" property of those two policy rules is set to
   "gold TT" which indicates which TTs those rules are to be applied
   to. In this case those two rules are applied to all the TTs that
   have their Roles property also set to "gold TT".

   When the traffic profiles of the gold TTs are modified, the traffic
   engineering module is activated, to verify whether the current
   mapping of TTs to LSPs is still valid. For each modified TT, the
   traffic engineering module might either increase the bandwidth of
   the currently assigned LSPs, or reroute it based on its attributes.

   For modeling each of the above policy rules we use an instance of
   PolicyRule (defined in [PCIM]), an instance of
   PolicyTimePeriodCondition (also from [PCIM]) to represent the
   condition part of the rule, and we have an instance of
   mplsPolicyTTAction class to represent the action part of the rule,

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   with its mpTTmode property set to "TTModify". This action takes the
   current TTs in the context of the action and modifies the traffic
   profile of this TT by the given amount. Note that this poses some
   problem with the current PCIM; see the section on open issues for a
   description of this.

   The Roles property is set to "gold TT" for the two rules (gold TT).
   In this way, the two rules will be applied to all the TTs that are
   considered gold and therefore have their Roles property set to "gold
   TT".

7. Security Considerations

  The security considerations for this document are the same as those
  of [PCIM] and are not further addressed in this version of the draft.

8. Open Issues

   The following open issues need to be resolved:

   1) Control of Signaling protocol mechanisms: While the draft is
   independent of the signaling protocol used for label distribution,
   policy actions relating to the control of specific CR-LDP mechanisms
   are incorporated in this version. These mechanisms may be moved to a
   protocol-specific model in later versions.

   2) The current draft contains traffic parameters specific to CR-LDP,
   as well as generic traffic parameters. Future versions may include
   additional parameters specific to other signaling protocols such as
   RSVP-TE. Further discussion is required to assess whether this is
   within the scope of the information model. Furthermore, this needs
   to be discussed with the PQIM authors.

   3) As discussed in the example, we want to calculate a new value for
   the bandwidth property of the traffic trunk's traffic profile. This
   raises three questions: how do we refer to the traffic profile in
   the context of the action, how do we access a single property of the
   traffic profile, and how do we calculate a new value for the traffic
   profile based on its old value? We initially considered introducing
   specific actions to do this, but decided to wait until a PCIM
   extension (e.g., as proposed in [PCIM_EXT]) is discussed. Basically,
   the same problem arises if a policy wants to add new traffic to a TT
   or LSP (change the FEC by adding new filter entries etc.)

   4) There may be a need to introduce a new class to model a Label
   Switched Router (LSR). This class would be derived from
   ComputerSystem in CIM.

   5) mplsPolicyFEC and qosPolicyTrfcProf are derived from Policy.
   Should they be derived from CIM's LogicalElement?

   6) In a future version, we will replace all the references in the
   actions with associations.

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   7) Section 4.2.2 Traffic Trunks: "If a traffic trunk going in the
   reverse direction exists, it is associated with this traffic trunk
   via the mplsPolicyReverseDirTT association." What is the precise
   meaning of "in the reverse direction"? Possible meanings include
   reverse Ingress/Egress ProtocolEndpoints; reverse route; the reverse
   of the loosely specified route.

   8) For the classes mplsPolicyLSP, mplsPolicyTrafficTrunc, and
   mplsPolicyProtocolEndpoint, we have defined a role property "Roles".
   First question, does PCIM support roles for objects not derived from
   the class System in CIM? Second, is there a naming convention to be
   used in order to meet PCIMs definition? If no, we will change the
   name into unique names in order to more easily map the model into
   different data representions such as LDAP.

   9) In order to deal with DiffServ over MPLS, future work should take
   into account the mapping from LSPs to PHBs, and mapping of packets
   in LSPs to different PHBs (in case of E-LSPs [DS-MPLS]). Are there
   other means needed in this area?

9. References

  [CIM]   Distributed Management Task Force, Inc., "Common Information
          Model (CIM) Schema, version 2.3, March 2000.  The components
          of the CIM v2.3 schema are available via links on the
          following DMTF web page:  http://www.dmtf.org/spec/cims.html

  [PCIM]  B. Moore, E. Ellesson, J. Strassner, "Policy Core Information
          Model -- Version 1 Specification", Internet Draft,
          , May, 2000.

  [PQIM]  Y. Snir, Y. Ramberg, J. Strassner, R. Cohen, "Policy
          Framework QoS Information Model", Internet draft,
          , April 2000.

  [CRLDP] B. Jamoussi, "Constraint-Based LSP Setup using LDP",
          Internet Draft, , March 2000.

  [RSVP-TE] Awduche, D.O., Berger, L., Gan, D., Li, T., Srinivasan, V.,
          Swallow, G., "RSVP-TE: Extensions to RSVP for LSP Tunnels",
          Internet Draft draft-mpls-rsvp-lsp-tunnel-06.txt, July 2000.

  [DS-MPLS] F. LeFaucher, L. Wu, B. Davie, S. Davari, P. Vaanenen,
          R. Krishnan, P. Cheval, J. Heinanen, "MPLS Support of
          Differentiated Services", work in progrss,
          draft-ietf-mpls-diff-ext-05.txt, June 2000.

  [MPLS-ARCH] E.Rosen, A.Viswanathan, R.Callon, "Multiprotocol Label
          Switching Architecture", work in progress,
          draft-ietf-mpls-arch-06.txt, August 1999.

  [MPLS-FW] R.Callon, P.Doolan, N.Feldman, A.Freddette, G.Swallow,

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          A.Viswanathan, "A Framework for MPLS", work in progress,
          draft-ietf-mpls-framework-05.txt, September 1999.

  [REQPMPLS] S. Wright, S. Herzog, F. Reichmayer, R. Jaeger,
          "Requirements for Policy Enabled MPLS", work in progress,
          draft-wright-policy-mpls-00.txt, March 2000.

  [REQMPLS_TE] Wright, S., Reichmeyer, F., Jaeger, R., Gibson, M.,
          "Policy-Based Load-Balancing in Traffic-Engineered MPLS
          Networks", Internet Draft draft-wright-mpls-te-policy-00.txt,
          June 2000.

  [MPLS-MIB] Srinivasan, C., Viswanathan, A., Nadeau, T.D., "MPLS
          Traffic Engineering Management Information Base Using SMIv2",
          Internet Draft, draft-ietf-mpls-te-mib-03.txt, March 2000.

  [RFC2702] D. Awduche, J. Malcom, J. Agogbua, M. O'Dell, J. McManus,
          "Requirements for Traffic Engineering over MPLS", RFC 2702,
          September 1999.

  [RFC2430] Li, T. and Y. Rekhter, "Provider Architecture for
          Differentiated Services and Traffic Engineering (PASTE)",
          RFC 2430, October 1998.

  [PCIM_EXT] M. Brunner, J. Quittek, "Policy Framework Core Info Model
          Extensions", Internet Draft,
          draft-brunner-policy-core-ext-00.txt, November 2000.


10.     Authors' Addresses

  Kazuhiko Isoyama, Makiko Yoshida
     NEC Corporation
     Development Laboratories
     1131, Hinode, Abiko, Chiba, 270-1198, JAPAN
     Phone: +81 471-85-6738
     Fax:   +81 471-85-6841
     Email: [iso|myoshida]@ptl.abk.nec.co.jp


  Marcus Brunner, Juergen Quittek
     NEC Europe Ltd.
     C&C Research Laboratories
     Adenauerplatz 6
     D-69115 Heidelberg, Germany
     Phone: +49 (0)6221 905110
     Fax:   +49 (0)6221 9051155
     Email: [brunner|quittek]@ccrle.nec.de

  Ritu Chadha, George Mykoniatis, Alex Poylisher, Ravichander
  Vaidyanathan
     Telcordia Technologies
     445 South Street

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     Morristown NJ 07960
     Phone: +1-973-829-4869
     Email: [chadha|mykoniat|sher|vravi]@research.telcordia.com

  Andreas Kind
     IBM Zurich Research Laboratory
     Saumerstrasse 4
     CH-8803 Ruschlikon
     Switzerland
     Phone: +41-1-724-8915
     Fax +41-1-724-8578
     Email: ank@zurich.ibm.com

  Francis Reichmeyer
     PfN, Inc.
     26 Landsdowne St.
     Cambridge, MA 02139
     Phone: +1-617-529-3970
     Email: franr@pfn.com

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