Internet Draft






Internet Draft                                            H. Lu (Editor)
draft-ietf-spirits-implementations-01.txt                    I. Faynberg
July 2000                                                      J. Voelker
Expires January 2001                                         M. Weissman
                                                                W. Zhang
                                                     Lucent Technologies
                                                                 S. Rhim
                                                                J. Hwang
                                                           Korea Telecom
                                                                  S. Ago
                                                           S. Moeenuddin
                                                              S. Hadvani
                                                                    NEC
                                                           S. Nyckelgard
                                                                   Telia
                                                               J. Yoakum
                                                               L. Robart
                                                         Nortel Networks


         Pre-Spirits Implementations of PSTN-initiated Services


Status of this Memo

   This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with
   all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other
   groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts.
   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
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   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt

   The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.


Abstract

   This document contains information relevant to the work underway in
   The Services in the PSTN/IN Requesting InTernet Services (SPIRITS)
   Working Group. It describes four existing implementations of
   SPIRITS-like services from Korea Telecom, Lucent Technologies, NEC,
   and Telia in cooperation with Nortel Networks. SPIRITS-like services
   are those involved in the interactions of the Internet and Public
   Switched Telephony Network (PSTN) and, in particular, the
   interactions initiated by the PSTN.




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SPIRITS                                                         [Page 2]


   Surveying the implementations, we can make the following
   observations:

      o The ICW service plays the role of a benchmark service. All four
        implementations can support ICW, with three specifically
        designed for it.

      o SIP is used in most of the implementations as the base communi-
        cations protocol between the PSTN and Internet. (NEC's implemen-
        tation is the only exception that uses a proprietary protocol.
        Nevertheless, NEC has a plan to support SIP together with the
        extensions for SPIRITS services.)

      o All implementations use IN-based solutions for the PSTN part.

   It is clear that not all pre-SPIRITS implementations inter-operate
   with each other. It is also clear that not all SIP-based implementa-
   tions inter-operate with each other given that they do not support
   the same version of SIP.  It is a task of the SPIRITS Working Group
   to define the inter-networking interfaces that will support inter-
   operation of the future implementations of SPIRITS services.



1. Introduction

   This document contains information relevant to the work underway in
   The Services in the PSTN/IN Requesting InTernet Services (SPIRITS)
   Working Group. It describes four existing implementations of
   SPIRITS-like services from Korea Telecom, Lucent Technologies, NEC,
   and Telia in cooperation with Nortel Networks. SPIRITS-like services
   are those involved in the interactions of the Internet and Public
   Switched Telephony Network (PSTN) and, in particular, the interac-
   tions initiated by the PSTN.

   Invariably supported by the implementations examined in this document
   is the Internet Call Waiting (ICW) service. With ICW, service sub-
   scribers, while using their telephone lines for Internet access, can
   be notified of incoming voice calls and specify how to handle the
   calls over the same telephone lines.

   The document first gives a detailed description of the ICW service.
   Then it proceeds to discuss each of the four implementations. The
   final sections of the document contains the conclusion and refer-
   ences.

   It is important to note that even though the term "SPIRITS server" is
   used throughout the document, it has no universal meaning. Its conno-
   tation depends on the context and varies from implementation to
   implementation.


2. Service Description of Internet Call Waiting




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   Internet call waiting is the single service that is specifically sup-
   ported by all the implementations in question. In a nutshell, the
   service enables a subscriber engaged in an Internet dial-up session
   to

   o be notified of an incoming call to the very same telephone line
     that is being used for the Internet connection;

   o specify the desirable treatment of the call; and

   o have the call handled as specified.

   The details of the ICW service lie in the ways that a waiting call
   can be treated, which vary from implementation to implementation. In
   this section, we describe the features that are supported by at least
   one of the implementations. They are as follows:

   o Incoming Call Notification - The subscriber is notified of an
     incoming call over the Internet, without having any effect on the
     telephone line that is being used by the modem. When a call comes
     in, the subscriber is presented with a pop-up dialog box on the PC.
     The dialog box may display any combination of the calling party
     number, calling party name, and calling time. Note that the display
     of the calling party name (or number) requires the availability of
     the caller name (or number) delivery feature.

   o Online Incoming Call Disposition - Once informed of the incoming
     call, the subscriber has various options (indicated in the pop-up
     window) for handling the call. Possible options are:

    + Accepting the call over the PSTN line, thus terminating the Inter-
      net (modem) connection

    + Accepting the call over the Internet using Voice over IP (VoIP)

    + Rejecting the call

    + Playing a pre-recorded message to the calling party and discon-
      necting the call

    + Forwarding the call to voice mail

    + Forwarding the call to another number

    + Rejecting (or Forwarding) on no Response - If the subscriber fails
      to respond within a certain period time after the dialog box has
      been displayed, the incoming call can be either rejected or han-
      dled based the treatment pre-defined by the subscriber.

   o Automatic Incoming Call Disposition - Incoming calls are automati-
     cally handled based on dispositions pre-defined by the subscriber
     without his or her real-time intervention. The subscriber can pre-
     define the default disposition (e.g., re-directed to voice mail)
     for general calls as well as customized dispositions for calls from



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SPIRITS                                                         [Page 4]


     specific numbers. In the latter case, the subscriber selects a par-
     ticular disposition for each originating number and stores this
     information in a profile. When a call comes in, the subscriber
     won't be presented the call but can examine the treatment and out-
     come of the call from the caller log (as described in the call log-
     ging bullet).  Naturally, this feature also allows the subscriber
     to specify the desired treatment for calls originating from private
     or unpublished numbers.

   o Multiple Call Handling - Multiple calls can arrive during call
     disposition processing. With multiple call handling, the subscriber
     is notified of the multiple calls one by one.

   o Call Logging - A detailed log of the incoming calls processed dur-
     ing the ICW service is kept. Typical information recorded in the
     log include the incoming call date and time, calling party number,
     calling party name, and call disposition.


3. Korea Telecom's ICW Implementation

3.1. Overview

   Korea Telecom's ICW implementation supports most of the features
   described in Section 2. (The major exception is the feature of
   receiving the incoming call over the Internet using voice over IP.)
   In addition, the Korea Telecom implementation supports flexible
   activation and de-activation of the ICW service:

   o Automatic Activation/De-activation - When Internet dial-up connec-
     tion is set up, the ICW service is activated or de-activated
     automatically.

   o Manual Activation/De-activation - The subscriber can de-activate
     the ICW service manually when call notification is not desired dur-
     ing the Internet dial-up session and activate it when needed.

3.1. Network Architecture

   Figure 1 depicts the network architecture of the Korea Telecom ICW
   service.  The Service Switching Point (SSP), Service Control Point
   (SCP), and Intelligent Peripheral (IP) are legacy PSTN IN elements
   based on IN CS-1. In contrast, both the ICW Server System and the ICW
   Client System are new network elements that are installed in the
   Internet domain to support of the ICW service.












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SPIRITS                                                         [Page 5]


                 PSTN/IN                |          INTERNET
                                        |
     +---------------------------+      |     +--------------+
     |+--------+propr-+---------+| PINT |     |(Proxy Server)|  PINT
     ||(ICW SL)|ietary|(UAC/UAS)||--- -||-----|     ICW      |----+
     ||SCF/SDF |------|  SCGF   ||   firewall |Server System |    |
     |+--------+ i/f  +---------+|      |     +------------- +    |
     |           SCP             |      |                         |
     +------+--------------+-----+      |                         |
            |INAP          |INAP        |              firewall=====
            |              |            |                         |
        +---+---+      +---+---+                                  |
        |  IP   |      |  SSP  |                                  |
        +-------+      +---+---+                        +-------------+
                           |                   +---+    |  (UAC/UAS)  |
                       +---+---+              ||   ||   |    ICW      |
             |---------|  LEX  |--------------  + +     |Client System|
           +---+       +-------+               +++++----+-------------+
          ||   ||                             (callee)
            + +                           ICW Subscriber's Phone and PC
           +++++
         (caller)

                INAP : Intelligent Network Application Protocol
                PINT : PSTN/Internet Interworking Protocol
                SL   : Service Logic
                UAS  : User Agent Server
                UAC  : User Agent Client

   Figure 1: Network Architecture of the Korea Telecom ICW Service

3.2. Network Entities

3.2.1. SSP

   The SSP performs the Service Switching Function (SSF) and Call Con-
   trol Function (CCF). When detecting that the called party is busy
   (T_Busy), the SSP sends a query to the SCP and processes the call
   under the control of the SCP.

3.2.2. SCP

   The SCP performs the Service Control Function (SCF) and Service Data
   Function (SDF). It, when queried, instructs the SSP to process the
   call based on the service logic. In the case of the ICW service, the
   service logic ultimately governs the notification of a waiting call
   to an online ICW subscriber and the disposition of the call.  In
   addition, the SCP performs the Service Control Gateway Function
   (SCGF) for protocol inter-working between the PSTN/IN and Internet.
   It translates the SIP message from the ICW Server to the service con-
   trol interface message and vise versa. The SCGF is an IP end point
   and behaves as a UAS (User Agent server) or UAC (User Agent client).

3.2.3. IP



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SPIRITS                                                         [Page 6]


   The IP contains Service Resource Function (SRF). It, when necessary,
   plays announcements to the calling party during the ICW service
   before/after receiving the response from the ICW subscriber and
   records the calling party number or voice message from the calling
   party when the call is forwarded to the Voice Mail System (VMS).

3.2.4. ICW Server System

   The ICW Server system serves as a SIP proxy or a redirect server for
   message routing between the ICW Client and SCGF. The ICW Server is
   also responsible for managing the ICW Clients that are connected to
   it. When an ICW Client (subscriber) sends a registration request for
   the ICW service, the ICW Server relays that request to the SCP, waits
   for the result of authorization from the SCP, and registers the
   authorized subscriber in its data base. In addition, the ICW Server
   monitors the connection status of the registered ICW Clients.  As
   soon as a client deactivates the ICW service or terminates the Inter-
   net connection, the ICW Server detects the status change and de-
   activates the ICW service for the client.  Finally, the ICW Server
   manages profiles for each ICW subscribers as well as logs all the
   call processing results.

3.2.5. ICW Client System

   The ICW Client System is an application program running on the
   subscriber's PC. Launched as soon as the subscriber powers on the PC,
   it monitors the Internet connection status of the PC (or subscriber).
   Upon the subscriber's connection to the Internet, the ICW Client
   sends a REGISTRATION request to the SCGF via the ICW Server and then
   eventually to the SCP. In this capacity, the ICW Client acts as a UAC
   to the SCGF, which acts as a UAS. Thereafter it notifies the ICW
   Server periodically of the connection status of the subscriber.

   The ICW Client is also responsible for popping up a dialog box on the
   subscriber's PC to announce an incoming call. The dialog box displays
   the number and name of calling party, calling time, and the call pro-
   cessing options (including Accept, Reject, Forward to another number
   or VMS).  After the subscriber selects the option, the ICW Client
   sends it to the SCP. In this capacity, the ICW Client acts as a UAS.

   Depending on the pre-defined ICW Service Profile, the ICW Client may
   screen the incoming call before notifying the subscriber.

   The ICW Client manages the ICW Service Profile, which contains the
   following fields:

   o Subscriber Information (including, Name, Directory Number, Pass-
     word)

   o Service Status (Activation/De-activation)

   o Automatic Call Processing Method

     + Call Processing Method on No Answer (Reject/Forward/VMS) - The



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SPIRITS                                                         [Page 7]


       call is automatically handled by the method if the subscriber
       doesn't respond after a pre-defined period of time.

     + Do Not Disturb Mode (On/Off) - When this is set on, the sub-
       scriber won't be notified of the incoming calls.

     + Call Processing Method on Do Not Disturb (Reject/Forward/VMS)

     + Call Processing List by Calling Party Numbers
       (Accept/Reject/Forward/VMS) - Calls originated from a number on
       the list are handled by the associated call processing method.

   o The ICW Client records the call processing method and the result
     for each incoming call in a log file on the subscriber's PC. The
     call record in the call log contains the following information:

     - Calling Time
     - Calling Party Number
     - Calling Party Name (optional)
     - Call Processing Method (Accept/Reject/Forward/Forward to VMS)
     - Result (Success/Fail)

3.2.6. Firewall

   Packet Filtering Firewall Systems are between the ICW server and
   clients as well as between the SCGF and ICW server for accessing the
   Korea Telecom IN Nodes.

3.3. Network Interfaces

   o The SCF-SDF, SCF-SSF, and SCF-SRF interfaces are the same as exist-
     ing PSTN IN Interfaces based on the KT INAP CS-1.

   o The SCGF-SCF interface relays requests either from the IN or the
     Internet and is implemented based on the internal API of the SCP.

   o The SCGF-ICW Server and ICW Server-ICW Client interfaces are imple-
     mented based on the PINT Service Protocol V.1. We adopted UAS-
     Proxy-UAC relationships as shown in Figure 2.


        +---------+        +-------------+        +---------+
        |(UAC/UAS)|PINT 1.0|   (Proxy)   |PINT 1.0|(UAC/UAS)|
        |         |--------|     ICW     |--------|   ICW   |
        |  SCGF   |        |    Server   |        |  Client |
        +---------+        +-------------+        +---------+

               Figure 2: PINT Protocol Architecture


3.4. Protocols

3.4.1. Intelligent Network Application Part Protocol (INAP)




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SPIRITS                                                         [Page 8]


   The SCP, SSP, and IP support the KT INAP V1.0, which is based on
   ITU-T INAP CS-1 with the incorporation of two INAP CS-2 messages [PRM
   (PromptAndReceiveMessage) and EM (EraseMessage)] for recording the
   voice message.

3.4.2. PINT Protocol

   The ICW service uses the PINT Service Protocol 1.0 [1] for communica-
   tions between the SCP and the ICW Server System, and between the ICW
   Server System and the ICW Client System. Developed in the IETF PINT
   Working Group for invoking telephone services from an IP network, the
   PINT Service Protocol 1.0 specifies a set of enhancements to SIP 2.0
   and SDP.

   Summarized below are the elements of the PINT Service Protocol 1.0
   relevant to the Korea Telecom ICW implementation:

      o REGISTER

      The REGISTER method is used to inform the SCP of the connection
      status of an ICW subscriber. With this method, the ICW Client sends
      to the ICW Server the IP address (of the PC) and phone number of the
      subscriber when the subscriber is first connected to the
      Internet. The ICW server relays the information to the SCP, which
      updates the data base (if the subscriber is authorized), and in the
      end sends a registration acknowledgement to the ICW Server and then
      the Client. After the subscriber is connected to the Internet, the
      ICW Client sends a REGISTER request to the ICW Server periodically
      at a pre-defined interval (e.g., 20 seconds) to indicate its
      connection status. The request is not relayed to the SCP. The ICW
      Server only checks if it is from the authorized subscriber. Finally,
      when the subscriber terminates the Internet connection, the Client
      sends the last REGISTER request to the SCP via the ICW Server. If
      the REGISTER request does not arrive during the pre-defined interval,
      the ICW Server can also detect the change of the connection status
      of the ICW Client.

      o INVITE

      The SCP uses the INVITE method to notify the ICW Client, via the ICW
      Server, of an incoming call.

      o ACK

      Both the SCP and the ICW Server use the ACK method to confirm the
      receipt of the final responses to their requests.

      o BYE

      The BYE method terminates a service session. In addition to this
      original usage, we use the value (success or failure) of the Subject
      header to indicate the result of the desired disposition of an
      incoming call in the PSTN.




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SPIRITS                                                         [Page 9]


      o CANCEL

      When the calling party releases the call before the called party
      responds, the SCP sends a CANCEL request to the ICW Client
      to cancel the INVITE request that it sent previously.

      o OPTION

      This method is not used in the KT implementation.

      o Responses

      The SCP responds to a REGISTER request with one of the status codes
      and associated comments below:

      . 100 Trying: Trying
      . 200 OK: Registered

      The ICW Client responds to an INVITE request with one of the
      status codes and associated comments below:

      . 100 Trying: Trying
      . 200 OK: Accept the Call
      . 303 see other: Forward the Call to Another Number
      . 380 alternative service: Forward the Call to the VMS
      . 603 decline: Reject the Call


3.5.  Example Scenarios

3.5.1. ICW Service Subscription

   Access to the Korea Telecom ICW service is by subscription.  Here
   Korea Telecom serves as both the PSTN operator and IN-based ICW ser-
   vice provider. Note that the subscription data need to be loaded onto
   the relevant SSPs, including the local ones that may not be operated
   by Korea Telecom.

3.5.2. ICW Client Installation

   An ICW subscriber should install the ICW Client program in his or her
   PC. The ICW Client is automatically activated to run as a daemon pro-
   cess when the subscriber's PC is turned on. The Client monitors the
   Internet connection status of the subscriber.

3.5.3. ICW Service Activation

   When the subscriber initiates the Internet connection or activates
   the ICW service manually, the ICW service is activated. That is done
   by sending a REGISTER request with the directory number and IP
   address from the ICW Client to the SCP through the ICW Server.






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SPIRITS                                                        [Page 10]


   ICW Subscriber ICW Server    SCGF        SCF/SDF     SSF/CCF    Calling
   ICW Client                                                        party
    (DN1/IP1)      (IP2)        (IP3)                                 (DN2)
        |            |            |            |            |            |
       0A            |            |            |            |            |
       0BREG(DN1,IP1)|            |            |            |            |
     1  |----------->|REG(DN1,IP1)|            |            |            |
     2  |            |----------->|            |            |            |
        |            |           2A            |            |            |
        |            |            |reg(DN1,IP1)|            |            |
     3  |            |            |-.-.-.-.-.->|            |            |
        |            |            |           3A            |            |
        |            |            |   reg ok  3B            |            |
     4  |            |            |<-.-.-.-.-.-|            |            |
        |            |   200 OK  4A            |            |            |
     5  |            |<-----------|            |            |            |
        |   200 OK  5A            |            |            |            |
     6  |<-----------|            |            |            |            |
       6A            |            |            |            |            |
        |            |            |            |            |            |

       -----> PINT Protocol          -.-.-> SCP Internal API
       --.--> INAP Protocol          +++++> ISUP Protocol
       =====> Bearer

                     Figure 3: ICW Service Activation

   As depicted in Figure 3, the relevant information flows are as follows:

   (0A) The ICW subscriber dials the ISP access number and establishes a
   PPP connection.

   (0B) The ICW Client detects the PPP connection.

   1. The ICW Client sends a registration request to the ICW Server in order
   to register the IP address-DN relationship for the dial-up connection.

   2. The ICW Server relays registration request to the SCGF.

   2A. The SCGF translates the user registration information from the SIP
   message to the SCP internal API message.

   3. The SCGF relays the user registration message to the SCF/SDF.

   3A. The SCF/SDF authorizes the subscriber with the directory number
   based on the user registration information.

   3B. The SCF/SDF stores the IP address of the ICW Client
   and sets the status to "Internet on-line."

   4. The SCF/SDF sends the result of registration to the SCF/SCGF.

   4A. The SCGF translates the user registration response of the SCP
   internal API message to the PINT message.



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SPIRITS                                                        [Page 11]


   5. The SCGF relays the user registration response to the ICW Server.

   5A. The ICW Server records the user registration information and the
   Internet on-line status for the subscriber in the data base.

   6. The ICW Server sends the user registration response to the ICW
   Client.

   6A. The ICW Client notifies the subscriber that the registration is
   completed successfully and the ICW service is in the active state.


3.5.4. Incoming Call Notification

   When a calling party makes a call to the ICW subscriber, the SCP
   notifies the ICW Client of the incoming call and waits for the
   subscriber's response.


   ICW Subscriber ICW Server    SCGF        SCF/SDF     SSF/CCF    Calling
   ICW Client                                                        party
    (DN1/IP1)      (IP2)        (IP3)                                 (DN2)
        |            |            |            |            |            |
        |            |            |            |           setup(DN1,DN2)|
     1  |            |            |            |            |<+++++++++++|
        |            |            |            |           1A            |
        |            |            |          IDP(T-busy,DN1)|            |
     2  |            |            |            |<--.--.--.--|            |
        |            |            |           2A            |            |
        |            |            |           2B            |            |
        |            |            |           2C            |            |
        |            |        noti(DN1,IP1,DN2)|            |            |
     3  |            |            |<-.-.-.-.-.-|            |            |
        |            |           3A            |            |            |
        |         INV(DN1,IP1,DN2)|            |            |            |
     4  |            |<-----------|            |            |            |
        |           4A            |            |            |            |
        |            | 100 Trying |            |            |            |
     5  |            |----------->|            |            |            |
     INV(DN1,IP1,DN2)|            |            |            |            |
     6  |<-----------|            |            |            |            |
       6A            |            |            |            |            |
        | 100 Trying |            |            |            |            |
     7  |----------->|            |            |            |            |
        |            |            |            |            |            |

          -----> PINT Protocol             -.-.-> SCP Internal API
          --.--> INAP Protocol             +++++> ISUP Protocol
          =====> Bearer

                     Figure 4: Incoming Call Notification


   As depicted in Figure 4, the relevant information flows are as follows:



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SPIRITS                                                        [Page 12]


   1. The calling party at DN2 (a telephone user) makes a call to the ICW
   subscriber (PC user) at DN1. The connection is set up using the existing
   ISDN signaling.

   1A. The SSF/CCF detects that the callee (the ICW subscriber) is busy.

   2. The SSF/CCF sends InitialDP (T_Busy) to the SCF/SDF.

   2A. The SCF/SDF determines whether the user at DN1 is PSTN on-line
   or Internet on-line. (The SCF/SDF executes the KT Telephone Mail
   Service logic in the PSTN on-line case and the ICW service Logic in the
   Internet on-line case.)

   2B. The SCF/SDF retrieves the IP address corresponding to DN1.

   2C. The SCF/SDF may play an announcement to the calling party, while
   waiting for the response of the called party.

   3. The SCF sends an incoming call notification to the SCGF.

   3A. The SCGF translates the incoming call notification from the SCP
   internal format to the PINT format.

   4. The SCGF relays the notification to the ICW Server.

   4A. The ICW Server double-checks the subscriber's status using the
   ICW subscribers profile in its own data base.

   5. The ICW Server sends trying message to the SCGF.

   6. The ICW Server relays the notification to the ICW Client.

   6A. The ICW Client consults the ICW service profile to see if there
   is a pre-defined call disposition for the incoming call. If so, then
   the procedure for automatic call processing is performed.

   6B. If there is no pre-defined call disposition for the incoming call,
   the subscriber is notified of the call via a pop-up dialog box.

   7. The ICW Client sends trying message to the ICW Server.


3.5.5. Incoming Call Processing

   The incoming call can be accepted, rejected, forwarded to another
   number, or forwarded to the VMS depending on the on-the-fly or pre-
   defined choice of the subscriber. This section describes the informa-
   tion flows for the cases of "Accept the call" and "Forward the call
   to another number."

   3.5.5.1. Accept the Call

   ICW Subscriber ICW Server    SCGF        SCF/SDF     SSF/CCF    Calling
   ICW Client                                                        party



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SPIRITS                                                        [Page 13]


    (DN1/IP1)      (IP2)        (IP3)                                 (DN2)
        |            |            |            |            |            |
       0A   200 OK   |            |            |            |            |
     1  |----------->|            |            |            |            |
       1A            |            |            |            |            |
       1B            |   200 OK   |            |            |            |
     2  |            |----------->|            |            |            |
        |            |    ACK    2A            |            |            |
     3  |            |<-----------|            |            |            |
        |            |            |Accept(DN1,IP1,DN2)      |            |
     4  |            |            |-.-.-.-.-.->|            |            |
        |            |            |            |Connect(DN1,DN2)         |
     5  |            |            |            |--.--.--.-->|            |
        |            |            |           Setup(DN1,DN2)|            |
     6  |<++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++|            |
        |<==============================6A==============================>|
        |            |            |            |    ERB     |            |
     7  |            |            |            |<--.--.--.--|            |
        |            |            |     ok     |            |            |
     8  |            |            |<-.-.-.-.-.-|            |            |
        |            |           8A            |            |            |
        |            |    BYE     |            |            |            |
     9  |            |<-----------|            |            |            |
        |           9A            |            |            |            |
        |            |            |            |            |            |



          -----> PINT Protocol             -.-.-> SCP Internal API
          --.--> INAP Protocol             +++++> ISUP Protocol
          =====> Bearer

              Figure 5: Incoming Call Processing - Accept the Call

   As depicted in Figure 5, the relevant information flows are as follows:

   0A. The ICW subscriber chooses to "Accept" the incoming call.

   1. The ICW Client sends the "Accept" indication to the ICW Server.

   1A. The ICW Client records the subscriber's selection for the incoming
   call in the call log.

   1B. The ICW Client terminates the subscriber's Internet connection.

   2. The ICW Server sends an "Accept" message to the SCGF.

   2A. The SCGF translates the "Accept" message to an SCP internal
   API message.

   3. The SCGF sends an "ACK" message to the ICW Server.

   4. The SCGF sends the "Accept" message to the SCF.




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SPIRITS                                                        [Page 14]


   5. The SCF instructs the SSF/CCF to route the call to DN1.

   6. The SSF/CCF initiates the connection setup to DN1.

   6A. The bearer connection between the calling party (DN2) and the
   ICW subscriber(DN1) is set up.

   7. The connection result is returned to the SCF through ERB.

   8. The SCF sends a call completion message to the SCGF.

   8A. The SCGF translates the call completion message to a PINT
   message.

   9. The SCGF sends a "BYE" message to the ICW Server.

   9A. The ICW Server records the call completion result in the log file.


   3.5.5.2. Forward the Call to Another Number

   ICW Subscriber ICW Server SCGF     SCF/SDF    SSF/CCF    Calling Another
   ICW Client                                                party   Phone
    (DN1/IP1)     (IP2)      (IP3)                           (DN2)    (DN3)
        |          |          |          |          |          |         |
       0A          |          |          |          |          |         |
        |303 SeeOther         |          |          |          |         |
     1  |--------->|          |          |          |          |         |
       1A    ACK   |          |          |          |          |         |
     2  |<---------|303 SeeOther         |          |          |         |
     3  |          |--------->|          |          |          |         |
        |          |    ACK  3A          |          |          |         |
     4  |          |<---------|Connect(DN2,DN3)     |          |         |
     5  |          |          |-.-.-.-.->|          |          |         |
        |          |          |          |Connect(DN2,DN3)     |         |
     6  |          |          |          |.--.--.-->|          |         |
        |          |          |          |          |Setup(DN2,DN3)      |
     7  |          |          |          |          ++++++++++++++++++++>|
     8  |          |          |          |   ERB    |          |<===5A==>|
        |          |          |          |<--.--.--.|          |         |
        |          |          |    ok    |          |          |         |
     9  |          |          |<-.-.-.-.-|          |          |         |
        |          |   BYE   9A          |          |          |         |
    10  |          |<---------|          |          |          |         |
        |  BYE    10A         |          |          |          |         |
    11  |<---------|          |          |          |          |         |
       11A         |          |          |          |          |         |
        |          |          |          |          |          |         |


          -----> PINT Protocol             -.-.-> SCP Internal API
          --.--> INAP Protocol             +++++> ISUP Protocol
          =====> Bearer




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SPIRITS                                                        [Page 15]


     Figure 6: Incoming Call Processing - Forward the Call to Another


   As depicted in Figure 6, the relevant information flows are as follows:

   0A. The ICW subscriber chooses to "Forward to another number (DN3)"
   for the incoming call.

   1. The ICW Client sends the "Forward to another number" indication to
   the ICW Server.

   1A. The ICW Client records the subscriber's selection for the incoming
   call in the call log.

   2. The ICW Server sends an "ACK" message to the ICW Client.

   3. The ICW Server relays the "Forward to another number" message to the
   SCGF.

   3A. The SCGF translates the "Forward to another number" message to
   an SCP internal API message.

   4. The SCGF sends an "ACK" message to the ICW Server.

   5. The SCGF sends the "Forward to another number" message to the SCF.

   6. The SCF instructs the SSF/CCF to route the call to DN3.

   7. The SSF/CCF initiates the connection setup to DN3.

   7A. The bearer connection between the calling party (DN2) and the
   new termination number (DN3) is set up.

   8. The connection result is returned to the SCF through ERB.

   9. The SCF sends a call completion message to the SCGF.

   9A. The SCGF translates the call completion message to a PINT
   message.

   10. The SCGF sends the call completion message to the ICW Server.

   10A. The ICW Server records the call completion result in the log file.

   11. The ICW Server sends the success of "Forwarding to another number"
   to the ICW Client.

   11A. The ICW Client records the call completion result in the log file.


3.5.6. ICW service De-activation

   The SCP de-activates the ICW service for a subscriber either upon the
   termination of the subscriber's Internet connection or upon the



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   subscriber's manual request.  In this section, we illustrate the
   former scenario.

   ICW Subscriber ICW Server    SCGF        SCF/SDF     SSF/CCF    Calling
   ICW Client                                                        party
    (DN1/IP1)      (IP2)        (IP3)                                (DN2)
        |            |            |            |            |            |
       0A            |            |            |            |            |
        |           0B            |            |            |            |
        |            |Unreg(DN1,IP1)           |            |            |
     1  |            |----------->|            |            |            |
        |            |           1A            |            |            |
        |            |            |Unreg(DN1,IP1)           |            |
     2  |            |            |-.-.-.-.-.->|            |            |
        |            |            |           2A            |            |
        |            |            |     ok    2B            |            |
     3  |            |            |<-.-.-.-.-.-|            |            |
        |            |           3A            |            |            |
        |            |   200 OK   |            |            |            |
     4  |            |<-----------|            |            |            |
        |           4A            |            |            |            |
        |            |            |            |            |            |


          -----> PINT Protocol             -.-.-> SCP Internal API
          --.--> INAP Protocol             +++++> ISUP Protocol
          =====> Bearer

                    Figure 7: ICW Service De-activation


   As depicted in Figure 7, the relevant information flows are as follows:

   0A. The ICW subscriber terminates the Internet connection.

   0B. The ICW Server determines that the Internet connection has been
   terminated when it does not receive the periodic on-line notification
   from the ICW Client.

   1. The ICW Server sends an un-register message to the SCGF.

   1A. The SCGF translates the un-register message to an SCP internal
   API message.

   2. The SCGF sends the un-register message to the SCF.

   2A. The SCF/SDF authorizes the subscriber with the directory number
   based on the un-registration information.

   2B. The SCF/SDF records the Internet off-line status for that ICW
   Client.

   3. The SCF/SDF sends a user un-registration response to the SCF/SCGF.




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SPIRITS                                                        [Page 17]


   3B. The SCGF translates the user un-registration response to a PINT
   message.

   4. The SCGF relays the user un-registration response to the
   ICW Server.

   4A. The ICW Server records the Internet off-line status for the
   ICW Client (subscriber) in the data base.


4. The Lucent Technologies Online Communications Center

4.1 Overview

   The strength of the Lucent Technologies Online Communications Center
   (OCC) platform is in its foundation on the Intelligent Network (IN)
   solutions, which were industry-proven to be reliable, scaleable, and
   compatible with the existing PSTN infrastructure and services, yet
   easily adaptable to the Internet requirements.

   Other essential elements of the platform include the use of

   1) Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) [2] messaging services

   2) Point-to-Point Protocol [3]

   3) Interactions with the VoIP Gateway and Gatekeeper
      (and, consequently, the H.323 family of protocols) for establishing
      the combined voice path through the PSTN and the Internet

   4) Microsoft NetMeeting (tm) (version 2.1) software at the end-users'
      PCs (or Internet appliances)

   5) Java (tm) Run-Time Environment (JRE) and

   6) 1.2 Java Native Interface (JNI) for certain security capabilities.

   As far as the SPIRITS-like services are concerned, the basic com-
   ponents of the OCC platform are the OCC Server and OCC Client, which
   are described in detail in the Architecture section. The OCC Server
   interacts with the PSTN entities over the secure intranet via plain-
   text SIP messages. With the PC Client, the OCC Server interacts via
   encrypted SIP messages.

   The OCC Server run-time environment effectively consists of two
   multi-threaded processes responsible for Call Registration and Call
   Notification services, respectively.

   OCC call registration services are initiated from an end-user's PC
   (or Internet appliance). With those, a subscriber registers his or
   her end-points and activates the notification services. (The regis-
   tration services are not, strictly speaking, SPIRITS services but
   rather have a flavor of PINT services.)




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   All OCC call notification services are PSTN-initiated. One common
   feature of these services is that of informing the user of the incom-
   ing telephone call via the Internet, without having any effect on the
   line already used by the modem. (A typical call waiting tone would
   interrupt the Internet connection, and it is a standard practice to
   disable the  "old" PSTN call waiting service for the duration of the
   call in support of the Internet connection between the end-user and
   the ISP.)

   When a call comes in, the user is presented with a pop-up dialog box,
   which displays the caller's number (if available), name (again, if
   available), as well as the time of the call. If the called party does
   not initiate an action within a specified period of time the call is
   rejected.

   As far as the disposition of the call is concerned, OCC supports all
   the features described in Section 2.

4.1. Architecture

               +------------+
               | Compact    |            +-------------+
               | Service    |            | Service     |
         +-----| Node (CSN) |            | Management  |
         |     | OCC Server |            | System (SMS)|
         |     | OCC CSN SPA|            +-------------+
         |     +-------:--|-+                   |
         |             |  +-------------[ IP INTRANET ]---------+
       ===== firewall  :                                        |
         |             |                                        |
         |          +-------+                               +-------+
         |          |Central|-..-..-..-..-..-..-..-..-..-..-|Service|
         |      +-%-|Office |-..-..-:                       |Control|
         |      |   +---|---+       |                       |Point  |
         |      %       |           :                       | (SCP) |
         |      |    +--|---+   +-------+    +----------+   |OCC SCP|
         |      %    |  PC  |   | VoIP  |    | VoIP     |   |  SPA  |
         |      |    |OCC Cl|   |Gateway|    |Gatekeeper|   +-------+
         |      %    +------+   +---|---+    +-----|----+
         |      |                 ===== firewall =====
         |      %                   |              |
         |      |   +---------------|---+          |
         |      +-%-|                   |----------+
         +----------|  I N T E R N E T  |
                    |                   |
                    +-------------------+


               Figure 8: The Lucent OCC Physical Architecture


   Figure 8 depicts the joint PSTN/Internet physical architecture
   relevant to the OCC operation. The Compact Service Node (CSN) and SCP
   are Lucent's implementations of the ITU-T IN Recommendations (in



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SPIRITS                                                        [Page 19]


   particular, the Recommendation Q.1205 where these entities are
   defined) augmented by the requirements of Bellcore's Advanced Intel-
   ligent Network (AIN) Release 1.0) and equipped with other features.
   The Central Office (CO) may be any switch supporting the Integrated
   Services Digital Network (ISDN) Primary Rate Interface (PRI) and the
   call forwarding feature that would allow it to interwork with the
   CSN. Alternatively, in order to interwork with the SCP, it needs to
   be an IN Service Switching Point (SSP).  In the latter case, the cen-
   tral office is connected to the SCP via the signaling system No. 7
   (SS7) and INAP at the application layer.

   The Service Management System (SMS) is responsible for provisioning
   of the SCPs, CSNs, and central offices. In particular, for IN support
   of the Internet Call Waiting, it must provision the Central Office to
   direct a terminating attempt query to the subsystem number
   corresponding to the OCC SCP SPA based on the Termination Attempt
   Trigger (TAT). In addition, the Subscriber Directory Number (DN),
   Personal Identification Number (PIN) and Language ID are provisioned
   for each subscriber into the OCC Subscriber entry of the SCP Real
   Time Data Base (RTDB). Figure 9 shows the structure of an RTDB entry.

      +-------------------------------------------------------+
      |DN | PIN | IP Address | Session Key | CNF | Language ID|
      +-------------------------------------------------------+

      Field Descriptions:

      (DN) Directory Number - the subscriber's telephone number

      (PIN) Personal Identification Number - the subscriber's password

      IP Address - Internet Protocol Address of the subscriber

      (CNF) Call Notification In Progress Flag (boolean) - the flag
      indicating if an attempt to notify the subscriber of a call is
      currently in progress

      Session Key - unique identifier for the current registration session
      of the subscriber

      Language ID - language identifier for the subscriber


          Figure 9: Structure of the RTDB Subscriber Record


   The Central Office, SMS, CSN, and SCP are the only PSTN elements of
   the architecture. The other elements are VoIP Gateway and Gatekeeper
   defined in the ITU-T Recommendation H.323, whose roles are to estab-
   lish and provide the part of the voice path over IP. The Central
   Office is explicitly connected to the VoIP Gateway via the ISDN PRI
   connection. In this architecture, CSN, VoIP Gateway, and VoIP Gate-
   keeper are the only entities connected to the Internet, with each
   respective connection protected by a firewall. The CSN and SCP are



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   interconnected via a secure IP Intranet. There may be more than one
   CSN or SCP (or both) (and the SCPs come in mated pairs interconnected
   by X.25, anyway) in a network, but these details are not essential to
   the level of description chosen for this document. However, we note
   that load balancing and adaptation to failures by the use of alterna-
   tive nodes is incorporated into the architecture.

   When someone attempts to call the subscriber, the central office
   serving that subscriber interrupts normal termination processing and
   notifies the SCP which, in turn, can check whether that subscriber
   has registered that he (or she) is logged onto the Internet.
   Exploiting the standardized layering of service logic that character-
   izes the intelligent network, the central office will do this without
   requiring the installation or development of any central office
   software specific to OCC. The central office is simply provisioned to
   query the SCP when there is a termination attempt (i.e., TAT)
   directed to the subscriber's directory number. (Note that the Central
   Office has no bearer circuit connection to the SCP, only a signaling
   one over SS7).

   TCP/IP communication between the SCP and CSN utilizes a secure
   intranet.  The subscriber, of course, is assumed to have access only
   to the Internet.

   The intelligent network entities, the SCP and CSN, do have OCC
   related software.  The OCC server is implemented on the CSN.  In
   addition, one service package application (SPA) is installed on the
   SCP.  Another SPA is located in the CSN and is needed only when the
   subscriber elects to accept an incoming call using voice over IP.

   The OCC Server is a collection of Java servers on the CSN whose
   responsibilities include:

   o Listening for incoming Call Notification (TCP/IP) messages from the
     SCP SPA.

   o De-multiplexing/multiplexing incoming Call Notification messages
     sent from the SCP SPA.

   o Relaying messages between the OCC Client and the SCP SPA.

   o Listening for and authentication of OCC Client requests for service
     registration.

   o Handling encryption/decryption of messages exchanged with the OCC
     Client, and generating session-specific encryption/decryption keys.

   The OCC Client is a collection of software components that run on the
   Subscriber's PC.  Its components include the SIP User Agent Server
   (which handles the exchange of SIP messages with the OCC Server and
   invokes the Call Notification pop-up window) and a daemon process
   that monitors the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) actions and is
   responsible for starting and stopping the SIP User Agent Server.




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4.2. Protocol and Operations Considerations

   The OCC Server uses distinct TCP/IP ports configured on the CSN to

   o Listen for incoming SIP REGISTER messages (in support of registra-
     tion service) sent from the OCC Client.

   o Listen for incoming SIP INVITE messages (in support of call notifi-
     cation service) sent from the SCP.

   During call notification, the SCP SPA is the client and thus is
   started after the OCC Server has been started.  The SCP SPA and OCC
   Server exchange SIP messages over TCP/IP (via the Secure Intranet)
   using a "nailed-up" connection which is initiated by the SCP SPA.
   This connection is initiated at the time the SCP SPA receives the
   very first SIP REGISTER request from the OCC Server, and must prevail
   for as long as the SPA is in the in-service state.  The SCP SPA also
   supports restarting the connection after any failure condition.

   The OCC Server supports multithreading.  For each Call
   Notification/Call Disposition event, a separate thread is used to
   handle the call.  This model supports multi-threading on a "per mes-
   sage" basis where every start message (SIP INVITE) received from the
   SCP SPA uses a separate thread of control to handle the call.  Subse-
   quent messages containing the same session Call-ID (which includes
   the SPA's instance known as "call_index" and the SCP hostname) as the
   original start message is routed to the same thread that previously
   handled the respective initiating message.

   The OCC Server dynamically opens a new TCP/IP socket with the OCC
   Client for each Call Notification/Call Disposition session.  This
   socket connection uses the IP address and a pre-configured port on
   the PC running the OCC Client software.

   For session registration, the OCC Server dynamically opens TCP/IP
   sessions with the SCP SPA.  The SCP SPA listens at a pre-configured
   port to incoming SIP REGISTER messages sent by OCC Clients via the
   OCC Server.  To exchange SIP messages with the OCC Server, the OCC
   Client dynamically opens a TCP/IP socket connection with the OCC
   Server using a pre-configured port number on the CSN and the CSN's IP
   address.

   For the VoIP Scenario, the CSN SPA, acting as a client, dynamically
   opens TCP/IP sessions with the SCP that handled the initial TAT
   query.  As soon as the CSN SPA has successfully made the correlation
   and connected the two incoming call legs pertaining to a VoIP call
   back, the SIP 180 RINGING message will be sent back to the SCP SPA
   running on the actual SCP that instructed the SSP to forward the
   Caller to the CSN. This SIP message, which contains the VoIP Call
   Back DN dialed by one of the bridged call legs, is an indication to
   the SCP SPA that the VoIP Call Back DN is freed up.

   A typical subscription scenario works like as follows:




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   1. Each VoIP Gateway is provisioned with a list of authorized VoIP
      Call Back DNs, each terminating on a particular CSN.  These spe-
      cial DNs are used when an on-line subscriber elects to receive an
      incoming call via VoIP.  In particular, they assist in routing an
      outgoing call from the subscriber's NetMeeting to the particular
      CSN to which the SCP is (roughly concurrently) forwarding the
      incoming call. (These two calls are joined in the CSN to connect
      the incoming call to the subscriber's Netmeeting client.)  Furth-
      ermore, these special DNs permits that CSN to associate, and hence
      bridge, the correct pair of call legs to join the party calling
      the subscriber to the call from the subscriber's NetMeeting
      client.

   2. The subscriber calls a PSTN service provider and signs up for the
      service.

   3. An active Terminating Attempt Trigger (TAT) is assigned to the
      subscriber's DN at the subscriber's central office.

   4. The PSTN service provider uses the SMS to create a record for the
      subscriber and provision the Subscriber DN and PIN in the OCC RTDB
      table in the SCP.

   5. The subscriber is provided with the OCC Client software, a PIN and
      a file containing the OCC Server IP Addresses.

   Finally, we describe the particular scenario of the OCC Call Disposi-
   tion that involves voice over IP, which proceeds as follows:

   1. The OCC subscriber clicks on "Accept VoIP".

   2. The OCC Client sends a "SIP 380 Alternative Service" message to
      the OCC Server.  This message includes a reference to the Call
      Back DN which will ultimately be used by the CSN to associate the
      call leg (soon to be initiated by the subscriber's NetMeeting)
      connecting to the subscriber (via the VoIP gateway) with the PSTN
      call leg connecting to the calling party.

   3. The OCC Server closes the TCP/IP session with the OCC Client and
      sends to the SCP SPA the "SIP 380 Alternative Service" message
      which includes the Call Back DN.

   4. The SCP SPA instructs the Central Office to forward the call
      incoming to the subscriber to the CSN.  This instruction includes
      the Call Back DN.

   5. The SSP forwards the Caller to the CSN referencing the Call Back
      DN.  Note that the Call Back DN, originally assigned to the OCC
      client by the SCP when the subscriber was alerted to the presence
      of an incoming call attempt, flowed next to the OCC server when
      the client elected to receive the call via VoIP, then to the SCP,
      then to the central office in association with a SCP command to
      forward the incoming call to the CSN, then to the OCC server on
      the CSN in association with that forwarded call.



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SPIRITS                                                        [Page 23]


   6. Meanwhile, the OCC Client extracts 1) the VoIP Call Back DN from
      the SIP INVITE message received during Call Notification and 2)
      the H323UID and H323PIN values from its properties file and
      updates the 'netmtg.cnf' file.

   7. The NetMeeting application is launched and sets up a connection
      with the VoIP Gateway.

   8. Once a connection is established between NetMeeting and the VoIP
      Gateway, NetMeeting initiates a phone call - passing to the VoIP
      Gateway the Call Back DN as the destination DN.

   9. The VoIP Gateway consults the VoIP Gatekeeper and authenticates
      the NetMeeting call by verifying the H323UID and H323PIN values,
      and by ensuring the called DN (i.e., Call Back DN) is authorized
      for use.

  10. After passing the authentication step, the VoIP Gateway dials (via
      PSTN) the Call Back DN and gets connected to the CSN.  The CSN
      notes that it was reached by the particular Call Back DN.

  11. The CSN bridges the Calling and Called parties together by match-
      ing on the basis of the Call Back DN.

  12. The CSN notifies the SCP (SIP 180 Ringing) of status and refer-
      ences the Call Back DN so that the SCP can reuse it for other
      calls.

  13. If the central office supports that two B-channel transfer
      (Lucent, Nortel, and perhaps other central office vender's do), an
      optimization is possible. The CSN can have the central office
      rearrange the topology of the newly connected call in such a way
      that it flows only through the central office and no longer
      through the CSN.


5. NEC's Implementation

5.1. Overview

   The NEC implementation of the ICW service is based on IN. Via a SPIR-
   ITS server and an ICW client, incoming calls will be presented to the
   user via a pop-up screen dialogue box. This dialogue box informs the
   user of the call arrival time and the calling party's number and name
   (if available). The arrival of the call is also indicated with an
   accompanied audible indication.

   The pop-up dialogue box offers the user various call management
   options.  Selecting a call management option allows the user to
   answer the call, forward it to another destination or to  voice mail,
   or ignore it.

   The user will be able to customize their service through various ser-
   vice set-up options.  All calls presented to the user during an



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SPIRITS                                                        [Page 24]


   Internet session will be recorded in a call log.

   Other features include Multiple call arrival management with which
   each new call arrival will generate its own pop-up dialogue box and
   audible indication.

   5.2. Architecture and Overall Call Flow

   Figure 10 depicts the NEC ICW system.

                    ====================================
                    ||         I n t e r n e t         ||
                    ||                                 ||
                    ====================================
                     /                    |        \
                    : (p1)                :         : (p2)
                   /                      |          \
                +-------+             +------------+   +-----+
                |SPIRITS|             |    ISP     |   | W3S |
                |Server |             |    ISP     |   | W3S |
                +-------+             +------------+   +-----+
                   :                      :
   Internet        |                      :
   PSTN/IN         |(p0)                  :
                   :                      :
                   |          ============:======
                +------+ (p3) ||  +-----+ :     ||
                |  SCP |-..-..-..-| SSP | :     ||
                +------+      ||  +-----+ :     ||
                              || (p4)|    :     ||
   +-------+                  ||     :    :     ||
   | ICW   | (p1)+-----+      ||     |    :     ||
   |Client |.....| M/D |............+------+    ||
   +-------+ (p2)+-----+      ||    |  CO  |    ||
                --------------------|      |-------
               /              ||    +------+    || \
     /--\     /               ||     P S T N    ||  \        /--\
    ()/\()   /                ===================    \      ()/\()
    _/__\___/                                         \______/__\_

   ICW Subscriber                                     Calling Party

   Legend:
             ISP :  Internet Service Provider
             W3S :  WWW Server
             SCP :  Service Control Point(acts as SPIRITS Client)
             SSP :  Service Switching Point
             CO :  Central Office
             M/D :  Modem

   Traffic:
             --- : PSTN Voice Traffic
             ... : PPP(IP traffic)
             -..-: Signaling Traffic



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   Interfaces:
              p0 : SPIRITS Server-SCP(SPIRITS Client) interface
              p1 : SPIRITS Server-ICW Client interface
              p2 : ICW Client-W3S interface
                   (Web access through HTTP)
              p3 : SCP-SSP interface(INAP)
              p4 : SSP-CO interface(ISUP)


                    Figure 10: the NEC ICW system


   The description below provides the necessary steps to initiate the
   ICW service on a CO line, and how the ICW service is applied to an
   incoming call based on the above architecture:

   1. The CO line is primed for the ICW service when the customer con-
      nects to their ISP by inserting a special activation code (e.g.,
      *54) prefix in front of the ISP Directory Number.

   2. The ICW service is activated when the user opens a secured session
      from an ICW client to the SPIRITS server. Once a session is open,
      the SPIRITS server will know the relationship between the line and
      the PC (i.e., it will know the Directory Number of the user's
      Internet line and the user's IP Address).

   3. When a call arrives at a busy Internet line, the SSP will trigger
      the ICW service. The SCP which acts as the SPIRITS client will
      inform the SPIRITS server that a call is terminating to a busy
      Internet line. The message will include the Caller ID and Calling
      Line Identify Restriction (CLIR) Status of the calling party, and
      DN of the busy line.

   4. The SPIRITS server will verify that if an ICW session has been
      established for the busy line. If so, the SPIRITS server will com-
      municate with the user's ICW client application. The user will
      receive a real-time pop-up dialogue box including the Calling Name
      and Number of the Calling Party if available. The user will then
      select one of the following call management options:

      - Answer the call (the Internet connection will be automatically
        dropped and the phone will ring)
      - Send the call to Voice Mail
      - Forward the call to another destination
      - Ignore the call

   5. When the Internet user has made a selection, the ICW client appli-
      cation will transmit this to the SPIRITS server. The SPIRITS
      server will instruct the PSTN via the SCP how to handle the call.

5.3. Interfaces and Protocols

5.3.1. SCP (SPIRITS Client)-SPIRITS Server Interface



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5.3.1.1. Connecting to SPIRITS Services

   The physical connection between the SCP and the SPIRITS server will
   be via a LAN/WAN.  The logical connection will use the UDP/IP commun-
   ications as defined in RFC 768 and RFC 1122.

   If a socket connection is not currently established, the SCP will
   periodically try to open a connection.  The SCP routing tables will
   be configured so that all available connections to a SPIRITS server
   are used.

5.3.1.2. Message Types

   Two different types of message are used between the SCP and the SPIR-
   ITS server: "Connection Management Message Type" and the "Data Mes-
   sage Type". These messages will carry the remote operation messages
   which are based on ITU-T Q.1228 SCF-SCF interface with some NEC
   proprietary extensions.

   NEC also has a plan to support SIP/SDP-based protocols for the SPIR-
   ITS client-server interface in the near future.

5.3.1.2.1 Connection Management Message Type

   Connection management messages are to support functions related to
   the opening and closing of connections and monitoring connections to
   ensure reliable communications are maintained between the SCP and a
   SPIRITS server.  The SCP is responsible for establishing a connection
   to a SPIRITS server.  A connection can be closed by either the SCP or
   the SPIRITS server.

   The "Connection Management Message Type" includes the following
   operations:

   - scfBind
   - scfUnbind
   - activitytest

   Opening a Connection

   If a connection is not open to an SPIRITS server, the SCP will
   periodically try to open a connection until it is opened.  If after a
   pre-determined number of attempts the connection is not opened, the
   socket connection will be released and then re-established and then
   the attempt to open the connection will be repeated.

   The sequence for opening a connection is:

   1. SCP will transmit a scfBind invokation message to the SPIRITS
   server.  This message also carries the version information and
   activity test interval.

   2. The SPIRITS server, upon receiving an invokation of the scfBind
   from a particular SCP, will reset all the data concerning the



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SPIRITS                                                        [Page 27]


   connection and then responds with either a return result containing
   the Web Server Identification number or a return error with a reason.

   3. When the SCP receives a return result, if the ID number does not
   match the number configured in the SCP, then a scfUnbind will be sent
   indicating the wrong ID number.  If the SCP receives nothing or a
   return error is received, then the scfBind will be retried after a
   pre-determined period of time.

   4. Once the SCP has received a return result, the SCP will send Han-
   dling Information Request or Activity Test.

   Upon receiving an invokation of activityTest, the SPIRITS server
   should reply with a return result of activityTest.  If the SPIRITS
   server does not receive any invokation messages of Handling Informa-
   tion Request or Activity Test from the SCP for four times the
   Activity Test Interval value in milliseconds, the SPIRITS server
   should then close the connection.

   To close a connection an invokation of the scfUnbind is sent by
   either the SCP or SPIRITS server to the remote end.  When an invoka-
   tion message of the scfUnbind is received, the receiving end should
   terminate the connection.

   scfBind

   The scfBind operation is used to open the connection between the SCP
   and the SPIRITS server. The SCP will send the SPIRITS server an invo-
   kation of the scfBind to establish an association. If the SPIRITS
   server is ready to handle the request then it should respond with a
   return result.

   The return result of scfBind contains the identifier of the SPIRITS
   server. If the SCP receives the return result where the identifica-
   tion of the SPIRITS server does not match that registered against the
   SPIRITS server, then the SCP will send an invokation of the scfUnbind
   indicating an incorrect identifier was received.

   If the SPIRITS server is not ready to handle the request or cannot
   handle the version, then it should respond with a return error.

   scfUnbind

   The scfUnbind operation is used to close the connection between the
   SCP and the SPIRITS server. Either the SCP or the SPIRITS server can
   invoke this operation.

   Upon receiving an invokation message the receiving end should ter-
   minate the connection.

   activityTest

   If the SCP has not sent a Data Message for the time period specified
   by the "Activity Test Interval", it will send an invokation message



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SPIRITS                                                        [Page 28]


   of activityTest. When the SPIRITS server receives such an invokation,
   it will reply with a return result message of activityTest.

   Its contents should be retained by the SPIRITS server. They are to be
   echoed back in the return result so that the message reply time can
   be calculated.

5.3.1.2.2. Data Message Type

   SCPs use the following operations, which are sent to the SPIRITS
   server via a Data-Message-Type message, to request execution of some
   service procedure or notification of an event that takes place at the
   SCPs:

   o handlingInformationRequest

     The handlingInformationRequest message will request a SPIRITS
     server the execution of some service procedure.

   o handlingInformationResult

     The handlingInformationResult message will show the SCP the result
     of the execution, which was carried out by the SPIRITS server.

   o confirmedNotificationProvided

     The confirmedNotificationProvided message will indicate to the
     SPIRITS server of an event, which takes place at the SCP. If the
     confirmedNotificationProvided indicating 'caller abandon' is
     received, the SPIRITS server will inform the client of the caller
     abandon and send the SCP a return result for the confirmedNotifica-
     tionProvided.

     The invoked operation has always a response which is either a
     return result of the operation or an invokation of another opera-
     tion.

     If a Data Message is not replied to within a pre-determined time
     out period then the message will be resent a number of specified
     times.  Once the number of times has been exceeded, if another node
     exists, the message will be sent to another node if it is avail-
     able.  If all available SPIRITS servers have been queried then Mes-
     sage Time out will be returned to the calling process.

     If an invokation of the handlingInformationResult is received with
     the cause=63 (Service not available), the handlingInformationRe-
     quest will be sent to another node if it is available.  If all
     available SPIRITS severs have been queried then cause=63 will be
     returned to the calling process.

5.3.2. SPIRITS Server-ICW Client Application Interface

   The following is a list of the application messages that are sent via
   the secure protocol (refer to section 5.3.3):



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SPIRITS                                                        [Page 29]


   o VersionInfo (ICW client -> SPIRITS server)

     Indicate the current version of ICW client software. The SPIRITS
     server uses this information to determine if the client software is
     out of date.

   o VersionInfoAck (SPIRITS server -> ICW client)

     If the VersionInfo message from an ICW client indicates to a SPIR-
     ITS server that it is an out of date version, the URL information
     is returned within the VersionInfoAck message for use in download-
     ing the newer version. If the client software is up to date, the
     message simply indicates so and does not include any URL informa-
     tion.

   o CallArrival (SPIRITS server -> ICW client)

     Sent by the server to tell the client someone has called the DN.

   o CallID

     An identifier for this call. Unique in the domain of this
     client/server session.

   o CallingNumber

   o CallingName

     The name of the calling party is sent to the Client Application
     from the SPIRITS server. When available, the name is sent as a 15-
     character string. If the name is unavailable it is sent as "Name
     Unavailable". If the calling party has CLIR set, it is sent as
     empty (" ").

   o CallConnect (ICW client -> SPIRITS server)

     If a corresponding CallConnect is not received within a certain
     period after sending a CallArrival, the SPIRITS server will behave
     as though a CallConnect, Handling=Ignore had been received.

   o CallLost (SPIRITS server -> ICW client)

     Sent by server to cancel a CallArrival before a CallConnect is
     received by the server.

5.3.3. Secure Reliable Hybrid Datagram Session Protocol (SRHDSP) for Use
   Between ICW Client Application and SPIRITS Server

5.3.3.1. Overview

   In principle the solution involves session initiation over SSL (meet-
   ing requirements for standards based security) after which the SSL
   session is closed, thereby reducing the number of simultaneous TCP/IP
   sessions. The rest of the session is communicated over UDP/IP,



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SPIRITS                                                        [Page 30]


   secured using keys and other parameters exchanged securely during the
   SSL session.

5.3.3.2. Session Initiation

   The ICW client initiates an SRHDSP session, by reserving a UDP/IP
   port, and opening an SSL session with the service (e.g., ICW) on the
   service's well known SSL/TCP port. After establishing the SSL Ses-
   sion, the ICW client sends the server its IP address, the reserved
   UDP port number, and the set of supported symmetric key algorithms.

   The server responds with a symmetric key algorithm chosen from the
   set, the server's UDP port for further communication, heartbeat
   period, and the value to use for the sequencing window.

   The client then generates a symmetric key using the selected algo-
   rithm and transmits this to the server. The SSL session is then
   closed and the SRHDSP session is considered open.

5.3.3.3. Secure Reliable Datagram Transport

   Application, and subsequent session management messages use symmetric
   signaling. That is, the signaling is the same whether the client is
   sending a message or the server is sending a message.

   The message packets are transmitted securely. The protocol corrects
   for lost, duplicated and out of sequence packets.

5.3.3.4. Session closure

   The client or server may close the session.

   A session is closed using a Close message including the next sequence
   number, and encrypted with the agreed key.

   The receiver, on processing (as opposed to receiving) a Close mes-
   sage, should set a timer, when the timer expires all details of the
   session should be forgotten. The timer is to allow for re-
   transmission of the close if the Ack gets lost, we still need to be
   able to decrypt the subsequent retransmission and re-acknowledgement.
   If any message other than a close is received after a close is pro-
   cessed, it is ignored.


6. Telia/Nortel's Implementation

6.1. Overview

   The system implemented by Telia in cooperation with Nortel Networks
   is designed to support services that execute before the end-to-end
   media sessions are established. These services include, for example:

   - call transfer and number portability for redirecting calls
   - call waiting and call offering for announcing a pending call



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   - call screening and don't disturb for filtering incoming calls
   - automatic call distribution and 800-services for selecting
     termination point

   The Telia/Nortel system aims to allow service providers to develop
   the services mentioned above. Presently, prototypes for online incom-
   ing call diposition and automatic incoming call disposition
   (described in Section 2) have been developed to prove the concept.

   In the Telia/Nortel architecture, services run on top of SIP Redirect
   Servers. The distributed nature of SIP enables these servers to be
   hosted, for example, by an enterprise server, a Service Provider's
   server cluster, a user's desktop PC, or even by a hand-held cordless
   device.

   The SIP Redirect Server receives a SIP INVITE message for each call
   regardless of which network the call is being set up in. The server
   MAY apply any kind of service logic in order to decide on how to
   respond to the invitation.  Service logic may interact with the user
   to allow the user to specify how to handle a call such as described
   in Section 2. This, however, is not the focus of the Telia/Nortel
   system.

6.2. Architecture and Protocols

   The general idea behind the architecture is to create services as if
   all communication was based on IP and all clients and servers were
   SIP enabled. This of cause is not true in existing telecommunications
   networks. Hence, a new type of network element, the Service Control
   Gateways (SCG) hides the true situation from the services.

   SCGs convert network-specific call control signaling to SIP messages
   and vice versa. A SCG behaves as a regular SIP User Agent (UA)
   towards the services and as a network-specific service control node
   in the network where the call is being set up. For example, when con-
   necting to a GSM network, the SCG can play the role of an SCP or a
   MAP or an ISUP proxy. The specific role depends on what service
   triggers are being used in the GSM network.

   SCGs handle protocol conversions but not address translation, such as
   telephone number to SIP URL, which is handled by a regular SIP Server
   to keep the SCG as simple as possible.

   Consider a service example of number portability.  A conventional
   number portability implementation in a mobile Circuit Switched Net-
   work (CSN) uses INAP messages to carry number queries to a network-
   internal data base application. Here, a SCG and a high- performance
   SIP Redirect Server, referred to as the Number Server (NS), have
   replaced the data base typically located in an SCP. (See Figure 11.)


   +-----------+  INAP  +-----+  SIP  +--------------------------+
   |  CSN node |--------| SCG |-------| NS (SIP Redirect Server) |
   +-----------+        +-----+       +--------------------------+



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SPIRITS                                                        [Page 32]


             Figure 11: An Architecture for Number Portability

   The INAP IDP message that carries the number query is converted to a
   SIP INVITE message by the SCG and is then forwarded to the NS (SIP
   Redirect Server).

   If the called number is not registered, then the NS will return "404
   Not Found". The SCG interprets this as "non ported number" and
   returns a CON message to the CSN network, making it connect the call
   to the called number.

   If the number is ported and hence registered, then the NS will return
   "301 Moved Permanently" with a TEL URL (routing number) in the con-
   tact field. The SCG then returns a CON message to the CSN network,
   making it connect the call to the number that was conveyed in the
   contact field.

   The solution above enables the same Number Server to provide Number
   Portability to multiple networks by means of using multiple SCGs.

   If we make the SIP server in the number portability example operate
   in proxy mode for selected numbers, then it will become a kind of
   service router, able to relay number queries to any SIP-Redirect-
   Server-based service anywhere, provided there is an IP connection to
   the host in concern. Figure 12 shows the arrangement.


   +------+ INAP +-----+ SIP +----------------+ SIP +----------+
   |  CSN |------| SCG |-----|       NS       |-----| Service  |
   | node |      |     |     |(redirect/proxy)|     |(redirect)|
   +------+      +-----+     +----------------+     +----------+

             Figure 12: SIP-Based Service Router

   Suppose that we connect a value-added service, such as a Personal
   Call Filtering service hosted by a user's desktop PC, to a certain
   telephone number.  The INAP IDP message is converted to a SIP INVITE
   message by the SCG and is then forwarded to the NS, just as in the
   previous example. However, in this case, the number is registered
   with a reference to a SIP URL. This makes the Number Server proxy the
   SIP INVITE message to the registered URL, which is the address of the
   service.

   The service responds as a SIP Redirect Server and the Personal Call
   Filtering service logic determines the response. The NS sends the
   response back to the SCG which converts the response to an appropri-
   ate INAP message. The response from the service is typically "302
   Moved Temporarily" with a telephone number in the Contact field.

   If the response is 301 or 302, as the examples above suggest, then a
   telephone number is carried in the contact field. If the user can be
   reached via several different addresses, then all of them SHOULD be
   added to the response by means of multiple contact fields. The SCG
   then selects an address that is valid for the node or application



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SPIRITS                                                        [Page 33]


   that issued the number query.

   As illustrated by the service examples, the Telia/Nortel system aims
   to allow the introduction of multi-network services without requiring
   multi-protocol support. The services hence operate in the same way
   regardless of in which network the call is made and common IP ser-
   vices can be shared across heterogeneous networks.

   +-----------+   +-------+ SIP +----+    ......  SIP +-----------+
   | Network 1 |---| SCG 1 |-----|    |---:      :-----| Service A |
   +-----------+   +-------+     |    |   :      :     +-----------+
                                 |    |   :      :
   +-----------+   +-------+ SIP |    |   :      : SIP +-----------+
   | Network 2 |---| SCG 2 |-----| NS |---:      :-----| Service B |
   +-----------+   +-------+     |    |   : Any  :     +-----------+
                                 |    |   :  IP  :
   +-----------+   +-------+ SIP |    |   : net- : SIP +-----------+
   | Network n |---| SCG n |-----|    |---: work :-----| Service C |
   +-----------+   +-------+     +----+   :      :     +-----------+
                                          :      :
   +--------+                SIP          :      : SIP +-----------+
   | SIP UA |-----------------------------:      :-----| Service x |
   +--------+                             '......'     +-----------+

   Figure 13: Interconnecting Heterogeneous Networks via SIP


6.3. Security

   The Telia/Nortel architecture uses security mechanisms available to
   ordinary SIP services, implemented as they would be in a pure SIP
   network. The architecture described here does not impose any addi-
   tional security considerations.

   General security issues that must be considered include interconnec-
   tion of two different networks. SCGs must therefore include mechan-
   isms that prevent destructive service control signaling from one net-
   work to the other. For example, a firewall-type mechanism that can
   block a denial-of- service attack from an Internet user towards a
   PSTN.


7. Conclusion

   This document has provided information relevant to the development of
   inter-networking interfaces between the PSTN and Internet for sup-
   porting SPIRITS services. Specifically, it described four existing
   implementations of SPIRITS-like services. Surveying these implementa-
   tions, we can make the following observations:

   o The ICW service plays the role of a benchmark service. All four
     implementations can support ICW, with three specifically designed
     for it.




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SPIRITS                                                        [Page 34]


   o SIP is used in most of the implementations as the based communica-
     tions protocol between the PSTN and Internet. (NEC's implementation
     is the only exception that uses a proprietary protocol. Neverthe-
     less, NEC has a plan to support SIP together with the extensions
     for SPIRITS services.)

   o All implementations use IN-based solutions for the PSTN part.

   It is clear that not all pre-SPIRITS implementations inter-operate
   with each other. It is also clear that not all SIP-based implementa-
   tions inter-operate with each other given that they do not support
   the same version of SIP.  It is a task of the SPIRITS Working Group
   to define the inter-networking interfaces that will support inter-
   operation of the future implementations of SPIRITS services.


8. References

   [1] . Petrack, S. and L. Conroy, The
   PINT Service Protocol: Extensions to SIP and SDP for IP Access to
   Telephone Call Services. Work in Progress. October, 1999

   [2] Handley, H.,  H., Schulzrinne, E. Schooler, and J. Rosenberg.
   SIP:  Session Initiation Protocol. RFC 2543. March, 1999

   [3] Simpson, W. The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP). RFC 1661. July,
   1994.


9. Authors' Addresses

   Igor Faynberg
   Lucent Technologies
   Room 4L-334
   101 Crawfords Corner Road
   Holmdel, NJ 07733-3030  US
   E-mail: faynberg@lucent.com
   Telephone: +1 732 949 0137

   Hui-Lan Lu
   Lucent Technologies
   Room 4L-317
   101 Crawfords Corner Road
   Holmdel, NJ 07733-3030  US
   E-mail: huilanlu@lucent.com
   Telephone: +1 732 949 0321

   John Voelker
   Lucent Technologies
   Room 1A-417
   263 Shuman Blvd PO Box 3050
   Naperville, IL  60566-7050
   E-mail: jvoelker@lucent.com
   Telephone: +1 630 713 5538



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SPIRITS                                                        [Page 35]


   Mark Weissman
   Lucent Technologies
   SUITE 500
   2000 Regency Pky
   Cary, NC  27511-8506  US
   E-mail: maw1@lucent.com
   Telephone: +1 919 380 6813

   Weizhong Zhang
   Lucent Technologies
   Room 01-A5-17
   2000 Regency Parkway
   Cary, NC  27511-8506
   E-Mail: wzz@lucent.com
   Telephone: +1 919 380-6638

   Sung-Yurn Rhim
   Korea Telecom
   17 Woomyun-dong
   Seocho-gu, Seoul, Korea
   E-mail: syrhim@kt.co.kr
   Telephone: +82 2 526 6172

   Jinkyung Hwang
   Korea Telecom
   17 Woomyun-dong
   Seocho-gu, Seoul, Korea
   E-mail: jkhwang@kt.co.kr
   Telephone: +82 2 526 6830

   Shinji.Ago
   NEC Corporation
   1131, Hinode, Abiko,
   Chiba, 270-1198, JAPAN
   E-mail: ago@ssf.abk.nec.co.jp
   Telephone: +81 471 85 7412

   S. Moeenuddin
   NEC America, Inc
   1525 Walnut Hill Lane,
   Irving TX 75038
   E-mail: moeen@asl.dl.nec.com
   Telephone: +1 972 518 5102

   S. Hadvani
   NEC America, Inc
   1525 Walnut Hill Lane,
   Irving TX 75038
   E-mail: hadvani@asl.dl.nec.com
   Telephone: +1 972 518 3628

   Soren Nyckelgard
   Telia Research
   Chalmers Teknikpark



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   41288 Gothenburg
   Sweden
   E-mail: soren.m.nyckelgard@telia.se

   John Yoakum
   Nortel Networks
   507 Airport Blvd, Suite 115,
   Morrisville, NC, USA  27560
   E-mail: yoakum@nortelnetworks.com

   Lewis Robart
   Nortel Networks
   P.O. Box 402
   Ogdensburg, NY, USA  13669
   E-mail: robart@nortelnetworks.com










































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