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Index: Symbols and Numbers

C shell operator : 47.4.3.1. Assignment Operators

.n filename extension : 1.17. Filename Extensions

8-bit filenames : 23.15. Using unlink to Remove a File with a Strange Name

80cols file

42.6.1. Single Line Screen Width: 80cols
52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc

9-track tapes : 20.6. Writing a Tape Drive on a Remote Machine

& (ampersand)

&& : 48.4.3. Automating Your Own Calendar

&& C shell operator : 47.4.3.3. Bitwise and Logical Operators

&& operator : 44.9. Testing Your Success

examples : 44.9. Testing Your Success

&& sequence : 11.9. Running a Series of Commands on a File

&= : 47.4.3.1. Assignment Operators

C shell operator : 47.4.3.3. Bitwise and Logical Operators

on command line : 1.27. How Background Processing Works

at end of commands : 38.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts

escaping special characters using : 51.3. ASCII Characters: Listing and Getting Values

as logical operator for expr : 45.28. Quick Reference: expr

precedence in C shell : 47.4.2. Expressions

* (asterisk)

*= C shell operator : 47.4.3.1. Assignment Operators

as arithmetic operator for expr : 45.28. Quick Reference: expr

C shell operator : 47.4.3.2. Arithmetic Operators

examples : 50.6. Searching Online Manual Pages

filename wildcard : 15.2. Filename Wildcards in a Nutshell

in pcal : 48.9. PostScript Calendars with pcal

precedence in C shell : 47.4.2. Expressions

regular expression metacharacter

26.3. Understanding Expressions
26.4.6. Repeating Character Sets with *

as wildcard character : 1.16. Wildcards

@ (at sign) : 9.5. Build Strings with { }

@ commands (csh)

47.4.2. Expressions
47.4.4. Examples

@-functions (vi) : 31.4. vi @-Functions

\ (backslash)

\< \> metacharacters : 26.4.8. Matching Words with \ < and \ >

 metacharacters : 26.4.9. Remembering Patterns with \ (, \ ), and \1

\1, \2, ... metacharacters : 26.4.9. Remembering Patterns with \ (, \ ), and \1

\{ \} metacharacters : 26.4.7. Matching a Specific Number of Sets with \ { and \ }

for avoiding multiline commands : 9.13. Multiline Commands, Secondary Prompts

before newline

8.14.4. Multiline Quoting
8.15.2. How Quoting Works

in C shell scripts : 44.14. Putting awk, sed, etc., Inside Shell Scripts

for escape sequences : 8.6.1. Portability

escaping special characters : 10.3. C Shell Aliases with Command-Line Arguments

placement of : 8.20. How Many Backslashes?

preventing history substitution : 8.5. Command-Line Evaluation

in prompt settings : 7.12. External Commands Send Signals to Set Variables

quoting and : 8.14.2. How Quoting Works

in stty command : 5.9. Setting Your Erase, Kill, and Interrupt Characters

` (backquotes)

command substitution : 9.16. Command Substitution

examples

44.18. Standard Command-Line Parsing
50.3. apropos on Systems Without apropos

for loops combined with : 45.16. Standard Input to a for Loop

nesting : 45.31. Nested Command Substitution

! (bang)

!* variable : 10.3. C Shell Aliases with Command-Line Arguments

!:script : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc

!= C shell operator : 47.4.3.4. Comparison Operators

!= relational operator : 45.28. Quick Reference: expr

!\* : 50.8. Which Version Am I Using?

automatic temporary files : 9.18.2. Automatic Temporary Files with !

with brackets wildcards : 15.2. Filename Wildcards in a Nutshell

in C shell quoting : 8.15.2. How Quoting Works

C shell operator : 47.4.3.3. Bitwise and Logical Operators

history substitution commands : 11.7. History Substitutions

!:n* sequence

11.4. My Favorite Is !:n*
11.7. History Substitutions

!$ sequence

10.3. C Shell Aliases with Command-Line Arguments
11.3. My Favorite Is !$
11.6. Using !$ for Safety with Wildcards
11.7. History Substitutions

NOT operator

17.1. The find Command Is Great; The Problem Is Finding How to Use It
17.6. Be an Expert on find Search Operators

preceding operators : 5.3. Setting the Terminal Type When You Log In

terms for : 51.8. Type Bang Splat. Don't Forget the Rabbit Ears

{ } (braces)

{ cmd } C shell operator : 47.4.3.3. Bitwise and Logical Operators

/{ /} metacharacters : 26.4.11. Extended Regular Expressions

\{ \} metacharacters : 26.4.7. Matching a Specific Number of Sets with \ { and \ }

Bourne shell list operators : 13.8. Using {list} to Group Bourne Shell Commands

building strings : 9.5. Build Strings with { }

in C shell : 47.4.1. Variables

creating new files with : 1.16. Wildcards

filename wildcards

15.2. Filename Wildcards in a Nutshell
15.3. Adding { } Operators to Korn (and Bourne) Shells

find -exec command and : 17.10. Running Commands on What You Find

foreach loop and : 9.11. Repeating a Command with a foreach Loop

in shells : 1.18. Who Handles Wildcards?

with variable names : 6.8. Shell Variables

[ ] (brackets)

[ command

46.4. Stop Syntax Errors in Numeric Tests
46.5. Stop Syntax Errors in String Tests

[ at start of escape sequence : 5.8. Terminal Escape Sequences

fast find and : 17.18. Using "Fast find"

filename wildcards : 15.2. Filename Wildcards in a Nutshell

regular expression metacharacter : 26.4.4. Specifying a Range of Characters with [...]

sc program using : 49.8. It's Great to Have a Spreadsheet

wildcards : 9.4. Use Wildcards to Create Files?

^ (caret)

^[ : (see CTRL key)
^^ sequence : 11.5. My Favorite Is ^^
^= C shell operator : 47.4.3.1. Assignment Operators
^^ sequence : 11.7. History Substitutions
^M : (see CTRL-m character)
C shell operator : 47.4.3.3. Bitwise and Logical Operators
filename wildcard : 15.2. Filename Wildcards in a Nutshell
in control character : 41.11.1. Special Character Codes
regular expression metacharacter : 26.4.1. The Anchor Characters: ^ and $
within [ ] metacharacters : 26.4.5. Exceptions in a Character Set

: (colon)

:p operator : 11.10. Check Your History First with :p

as alternative to # : 45.9. The Unappreciated Bourne Shell ":" Operator

as comment character : 45.9. The Unappreciated Bourne Shell ":" Operator

as parameter substitute : 45.9. The Unappreciated Bourne Shell ":" Operator

colon-separated lists : 4.10. Find All Command Versions with whereiz

examples : 44.18. Standard Command-Line Parsing

if loops using : 45.9. The Unappreciated Bourne Shell ":" Operator

as logical operator for expr

45.28. Quick Reference: expr
45.28.1. Examples

as null character : 44.8. Test Exit Status with the if Statement

as parameter substitute : 45.12. Parameter Substitution

separating fields

1.9. Which Shell Am I Running?
5.6. Checklist: Terminal Hangs When I Log In

separating values : 5.3. Setting the Terminal Type When You Log In

shell script comments : 45.2. The Story of : # #!

string editing operator : 9.6. String Editing (Colon) Operators

trap used with : 45.8. Handling Signals to Child Processes

while loops using : 45.9. The Unappreciated Bourne Shell ":" Operator

, (comma) in filenames : 1.15. Filenames

$ (dollar sign)

$0 parameter : 44.22. Finding a Program Name; Multiple Program Names

$1 command-line arguments

44.11. Set Exit Status of a Shell (Script)
44.12. Trapping Exits Caused by Interrupts
44.15. Handling Command-Line Arguments in Shell Scripts

$* argument : 45.30.1. Matching with expr

$@ argument : 45.30.1. Matching with expr

$! variable : 47.2.5. Variable Syntax

$$ command-line arguments : 44.12. Trapping Exits Caused by Interrupts

$# command-line argument : 44.15.3. Counting Arguments with $#

$< variable : 47.2.1.2. Reading Files

$() command : 45.31. Nested Command Substitution

$? variable : 47.2.1.4. More Elaborate Combinations

$* : 46.7. Quoting and Command-Line Parameters

$@ : 46.7. Quoting and Command-Line Parameters

passing arguments to getopt : 44.18. Standard Command-Line Parsing

$@ argument : 44.15.1. With the $@"

as wildcard : 44.6. Pattern Matching in case Statements

Bourne shell script variable : 44.7. Exit Status of UNIX Processes

in C shells : 47.5. Using C Shell Arrays

quoting and : 8.14.2. How Quoting Works

regular expression metacharacter : 26.4.1. The Anchor Characters: ^ and $

with variable names : 6.8. Shell Variables

$- test : 2.11. Faster ksh and bash Startup with $- Test

. (dot)

. command, subroutines compared to : 44.23. Reading Files with the . and source Commands

. scripts : 44.23. Reading Files with the . and source Commands

.. for parent directory : 18.4.2. Links to a Directory

for current directory : 18.4.2. Links to a Directory

in filenames

1.15. Filenames
1.16. Wildcards

filenames starting with : (see dot files)

in pathnames : 1.21. Making Pathnames

regular expression metacharacter

26.3. Understanding Expressions
26.4.3. Match any Character with . (Dot)

terms for : 51.8. Type Bang Splat. Don't Forget the Rabbit Ears

= (equal sign)

== C shell operator : 47.4.3.4. Comparison Operators

=~ C shell operator : 47.4.3.4. Comparison Operators

for alias definitions : 10.4. Aliases in ksh and bash

as arithmetic operator for expr : 45.28.1. Examples

C shell operator : 47.4.3.1. Assignment Operators

as relational operator for expr

45.28. Quick Reference: expr
45.28.1. Examples

# (hash mark)

: (colon) used in place of : 45.9. The Unappreciated Bourne Shell ":" Operator

#!

Bourne shell scripts using : 44.4. Testing How Your System Executes Files

#! notation

8.17. verbose and echo Variables Show Quoting

45.2. The Story of : # #!

45.4. Fun with #!

in Bourne shell scripts : 44.2. Writing a Simple Shell Program

character limit : 45.4. Fun with #!

examples

45.3. Don't Need a Shell for Your Script? Don't Use One
45.4. Fun with #!

executing files without showing : 45.5. A File That Shows Itself... and What #! Does

making programs executable : 45.4. Fun with #!

alternatives to : 45.9. The Unappreciated Bourne Shell ":" Operator

for comments : 10.2.1. Simple Aliases

in crontab entries : 40.12.1. Execution Scheduling

shell script comments : 45.2. The Story of : # #!

- (hyphen)

-= C shell operator : 47.4.3.1. Assignment Operators

-- (two dashes) as argument to set command : 44.19. The Bourne Shell set Command

- as dashes : 44.18. Standard Command-Line Parsing

as arithmetic operator for expr : 45.28. Quick Reference: expr

C shell operator

47.4.3.1. Assignment Operators
47.4.3.2. Arithmetic Operators

command-line arguments starting with

44.16. Handling Command-Line Arguments with a for Loop
44.17. Handling Arguments with while and shift

filenames starting with : 23.14. Handling a Filename Starting with a Dash (-)

with << operator : 8.18. Here Documents

in login shell : 2.16. Approved Shells: Using Unapproved Login Shell

precedence in C shell : 47.4.2. Expressions

for stdin (on command line) : 13.13. The "Filename" -

< (left angle bracket)

<= C shell operator : 47.4.3.4. Comparison Operators

<= relational operator : 45.28. Quick Reference: expr

<< C shell operator : 47.4.3.3. Bitwise and Logical Operators

<< operator

8.18. Here Documents
19.2. Introduction to Shell Archives

<<- operator

8.18. Here Documents
9.14. Using Here Documents for Form Letters, etc.

/< /> metacharacters : 26.4.11. Extended Regular Expressions

\< \> metacharacters : 26.4.8. Matching Words with \ < and \ >

C shell operator : 47.4.3.4. Comparison Operators

examples : 48.4.3. Automating Your Own Calendar

precedence in C shell : 47.4.2. Expressions

as relational operator for expr : 45.28. Quick Reference: expr

( ) (parentheses)

 metacharacters : 26.4.9. Remembering Patterns with \ (, \ ), and \1
in extended regular expressions : 26.4.11. Extended Regular Expressions
grouping expressions using : 47.4.2. Expressions
as operators : 2.2. Shell Setup Files-Which, Where, and Why
subshell operators : 13.7. The () Subshell Operators

% (percent sign)

%= C shell operator : 47.4.3.1. Assignment Operators

as arithmetic operator for expr : 45.28. Quick Reference: expr

C shell operator : 47.4.3.2. Arithmetic Operators

default C shell prompt : 7.1. Why Change Your Prompt?

for job numbers

12.1.1. Foreground and Background
12.3. The "Current Job" Isn't Always What You Expect

precedence in C shell : 47.4.2. Expressions

+ (plus sign)

+= C shell operator : 47.4.3.1. Assignment Operators

as arithmetic operator for expr

45.28. Quick Reference: expr
45.28.1. Examples

C shell operator : 47.4.3.2. Arithmetic Operators

in job reports : 12.1.1. Foreground and Background

precedence in C shell : 47.4.2. Expressions

regular expression metacharacter : 26.4.11. Extended Regular Expressions

? (question mark)

?*) wildcard : 44.6. Pattern Matching in case Statements
?) wildcard : 44.6. Pattern Matching in case Statements
Bourne shell script variable : 44.7. Exit Status of UNIX Processes
examples : 47.5. Using C Shell Arrays
fast find and : 17.18. Using "Fast find"
filename wildcard : 15.2. Filename Wildcards in a Nutshell
foreach loop and : 9.11. Repeating a Command with a foreach Loop
in C shells : 47.5. Using C Shell Arrays
regular expression metacharacter : 26.4.11. Extended Regular Expressions
shell variable : 6.9. Special C Shell Variables
as wildcard character : 1.16. Wildcards

' (single quotes) : 8.14.3. Single Quotes Inside Single Quotes?

around PS1 string : 7.8. Highlighting in Shell Prompts

with bash pre-prompt commands : 7.13. Pre-Prompt Commands in bash

passing wildcards to programs : 1.18. Who Handles Wildcards?

prompt setting and : 7.4. Faster Prompt Setting with Built-Ins

protecting special characters : 10.3. C Shell Aliases with Command-Line Arguments

quoting and

8.14.2. How Quoting Works
8.15. Differences Between Bourne and C Shell Quoting

sc program using : 49.8. It's Great to Have a Spreadsheet

" (double quotes)

aliases in : 10.2.2. Using More Complex Aliases

for comments : 4.9. Setting Up vi with the .exrc File

passing wildcards to programs : 1.18. Who Handles Wildcards?

prompt setting : 7.8. Highlighting in Shell Prompts

quoting and

8.14.2. How Quoting Works
8.15. Differences Between Bourne and C Shell Quoting

sc program using : 49.8. It's Great to Have a Spreadsheet

in sed scripts : 51.6. Cleaning script Files

terms for : 51.8. Type Bang Splat. Don't Forget the Rabbit Ears

> (right angle bracket)

>= : 47.4.3.4. Comparison Operators

>& operator : 13.5. Redirection in C Shell: Capture Errors, Too?

>= relational operator

45.28. Quick Reference: expr
45.28.1. Examples

>> C shell operator : 47.4.3.3. Bitwise and Logical Operators

>> for appending files : 45.22. Handling Files Line-by-Line

C shell operator : 47.4.3.4. Comparison Operators

precedence in C shell : 47.4.2. Expressions

redirection operator : 6.9. Special C Shell Variables

as relational operator for expr : 45.28. Quick Reference: expr

; (semicolon)

on command line : 8.5. Command-Line Evaluation
separating commands : 44.12. Trapping Exits Caused by Interrupts

/ (slash)

/*/ wildcard : 44.6. Pattern Matching in case Statements

/{ /} metacharacters : 26.4.11. Extended Regular Expressions

/= C shell operator : 47.4.3.1. Assignment Operators

/< /> metacharacters : 26.4.11. Extended Regular Expressions

as arithmetic operator for expr

45.28. Quick Reference: expr
45.28.1. Examples

C shell operator : 47.4.3.2. Arithmetic Operators

fast find and : 17.18. Using "Fast find"

in filenames

1.15. Filenames
1.16. Wildcards

in pathnames

1.21. Making Pathnames
14.2. Using Relative and Absolute Pathnames

precedence in C shell : 47.4.2. Expressions

for root directory : 1.19. The Tree Structure of the Filesystem

terms for : 51.8. Type Bang Splat. Don't Forget the Rabbit Ears

~ (tilde)

C shell operator : 47.4.3.3. Bitwise and Logical Operators

ending filenames : 14.11. Finding (Anyone's) Home Directory, Quickly

filenames ending with : 17.18. Using "Fast find"

for home directory

7.11. dirs in Your Prompt: Better than $cwd
14.11. Finding (Anyone's) Home Directory, Quickly

in pathnames : 1.21. Making Pathnames

_ (underscore) in filenames : 1.15. Filenames

| (vertical bar)

26.4.11. Extended Regular Expressions

44.7. Exit Status of UNIX Processes

44.18. Standard Command-Line Parsing

(see also pipelines)

|& operator

13.3. Send (only) Standard Error Down a Pipe
13.5. Redirection in C Shell: Capture Errors, Too?

|= C shell operator : 47.4.3.1. Assignment Operators

|| operator

44.8. Test Exit Status with the if Statement
44.9. Testing Your Success
44.18. Standard Command-Line Parsing
46.6. Watch Out for Bourne Shell -e Bug
47.4.3.3. Bitwise and Logical Operators
examples : 44.9. Testing Your Success
inverse of a condition : 44.8. Test Exit Status with the if Statement

C shell operator : 47.4.3.3. Bitwise and Logical Operators

as logical operator for expr : 45.28. Quick Reference: expr

noclobber variable and : 13.6. Safe I/O Redirection with noclobber

pipes : 1.3. Programs Are Designed to Work Together

piping commands : 13.3. Send (only) Standard Error Down a Pipe

precedence in C shell : 47.4.2. Expressions

|| operator : 45.6. Making Sure Your Script Runs with Bourne Shell, Without #!

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