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Index: P

advantages : 46.1.1. Use -xv
piping : 1.4. Using Pipes to Create a New Tool
piping debugging output to : 46.1.1. Use -xv
piping to : 13.4. Problems Piping to a Pager

pages

rearranging in PostScript files : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
resizing in PostScript files : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities

paging : 39.12.2. The Memory Subsystem

paging through files

25.3. Using more to Page Through Files
25.5. Page Through Compressed, RCS, Unprintable Files

paircheck script

29.9. Looking for Closure
52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc

paired item checking : 29.9. Looking for Closure

panic message : 1.14. The Kernel and Daemons

parameter substitution

: (colon) used in : 45.9. The Unappreciated Bourne Shell ":" Operator
: used in : 45.12. Parameter Substitution
in Bourne shells : 45.9. The Unappreciated Bourne Shell ":" Operator
examples : 45.12. Parameter Substitution
in Bourne shells : 45.12. Parameter Substitution

parameters, command-line : (see command-line arguments)

parent directory : 1.21. Making Pathnames

parent's PID : 38.5. The ps Command

parent-child relationships

environment variables and : 6.2. Parent-Child Relationships

parentheses : (see ( ))

commands printed in : 38.7. Why ps Prints Some Commands in Parentheses

parentheses ()

grouping expressions using : 47.5. Using C Shell Arrays

parity : 41.2.1. How We Made It This Far (Back?)

parsing

in C shell

47.2.2.3. Stupid Parsing Bugs
47.2.6. Expression Evaluation

character strings : 45.30. Grabbing Parts of a String

command-line arguments

44.18. Standard Command-Line Parsing
44.19. The Bourne Shell set Command

examples : 47.2.2.3. Stupid Parsing Bugs

output of getopt : 44.18. Standard Command-Line Parsing

sed command used for : 45.30.4. Using sed

set command used for : 45.30.3. Using set

parsing strings : 35.21. Using IFS to Split Strings

passwd command : 9.26.2. Automating /bin/passwd

passwd file : 1.23. File Access Permissions

passwords

root

1.23. File Access Permissions
1.24. The Superuser (Root)

paste command : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc

paste pforgram : 35.18. Pasting Things in Columns

patch command : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc

patch program

28.3. Context diffs
33.6. Change Many Files by Editing Just One
33.9. patch: Generalized Updating of Files that Differ
52.8.1.1. Missing Programs
(see also diff command)

patches

compiling the pcal package : 52.8.2.5. Applying Patches

PATH enviroment variable : 6.3. Predefined Environment Variables

PATH environment variable

4.10. Find All Command Versions with whereiz
6.4. The PATH Environment Variable
9.7. String Editing in ksh and bash
in C shell : 47.2.5. Variable Syntax
finding commands : 6.1. What Environment Variables Are Good For
identifying UNIX version : 50.8. Which Version Am I Using?
in shell setup files : 8.7.1. Setting Path in Shell Setup Files

PATH setting

example : 1.10. Internal and External Commands

path shell variable

6.5. PATH and path
6.9. Special C Shell Variables
as array : 47.5. Using C Shell Arrays

pathchk program : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc

pathname

editing : 7.4. Faster Prompt Setting with Built-Ins

pathnames

absolute

2.6. Use Absolute Pathnames in Shell Setup Files
2.16. Approved Shells: Using Unapproved Login Shell
archiving with : 19.6. GNU tar Sampler

creating : 1.21. Making Pathnames

for current directory : 14.13. Which Directory Am I in, Really?

finding : 4.10. Find All Command Versions with whereiz

in uppercase : 52.5.3.4. Installing a Single Program

links and : 18.6. Stale Symbolic Links

parsing directory name from : 16.17. Getting Directory Name from a File's Pathname

relative : 2.6. Use Absolute Pathnames in Shell Setup Files

relative vs. absolute : 14.2. Using Relative and Absolute Pathnames

stripped from filenames : 45.18.1. Introduction to basename and dirname

symbols in : 44.15.1. With the $@"

on tape drives : 20.4.1. Restoring a Few Files

tar archives and : 20.8.2. Type Pathnames Exactly

tar command and : 20.10. Avoid Absolute Paths with tar

wildcards and : 15.1. File Naming Wildcards

wildcards in : 15.6. Maybe You Shouldn't Use Wildcards in Pathnames

pattern matching

21.14. Automatically Appending the Date to a Filename

character sets : 26.4.2. Matching a Character with a Character Set

egrep script for : 27.7. grepping for a List of Patterns

by exclusion : 26.4.5. Exceptions in a Character Set

in case statements : 44.6. Pattern Matching in case Statements

limiting extent of match : 26.7. Limiting the Extent of a Match

metacharacter examples : 26.8. I Never Meta Character I Didn't Like

quick reference : 26.10. Pattern Matching Quick Reference with Examples

replacement patterns

26.4.11. Extended Regular Expressions
26.10. Pattern Matching Quick Reference with Examples

wildcards : 44.6. Pattern Matching in case Statements

patterns

awk utility : 33.11.2. Patterns and Procedures

ex editor

30.9. Using Search Patterns and Global Commands
30.14. Moving Blocks of Text by Patterns

vi editor

30.9. Using Search Patterns and Global Commands
30.14. Moving Blocks of Text by Patterns

vi editor and : 30.27. vi Compound Searches

Patterson, Dave : 11.14.1. In the C Shell: redo

pbm (portable bitmap) format

defined : 43.25. The Portable Bitmap Package
manipulating : 43.25. The Portable Bitmap Package

PC text files : 35.11. Hacking on Characters with tr

pcal program

48.9. PostScript Calendars with pcal
52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
52.8.2.1. Copying the Sources
calen program versus : 48.8. Calendar for 132-Column Terminals or Printers

per-process transfer rate : 39.12.3. The I/O Subsystem

per-shell files

reading : 40.4. Choosing the Shell Run (We Hope) by at

percent sign : (see %)

performance

csh (C shell) : 2.9. Speeding Up Your C Shell with set prompt Test

dd command an remote tape drives : 20.6. Writing a Tape Drive on a Remote Machine

factors affecting : 39.5. Why Is the System So Slow?

grep commands

27.6. Fast grep Isn't
27.9. New greps Are Much Faster

ksh and bash shells : 2.11. Faster ksh and bash Startup with $- Test

logins : 2.5. Tips for Speeding up Slow Logins

users and : 39.12.4. User Communities

period : (see .)

period (.)

regular expression metacharacter : 26.3. Understanding Expressions

periodic execution

scheduling programs for : 40.12. Periodic Program Execution: The cron Facility

Perl : 37.1. What We Do and Don't Tell You About Perl

advantages : 37.2. Why Learn Perl? #1

perl

52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
52.8.1.1. Missing Programs
customizing grep with : 27.12. Make Custom grep Commands (etc.) with perl

perl language

finding text files : 16.26. Finding Text Files with findtext

permissions : 1.23. File Access Permissions

access modes : 4.8. Making Directories Made Easier

changing : 44.2. Writing a Simple Shell Program

copying with cpmod utility : 22.16. Copying Permissions with cpmod

directory

1.25. Access to Directories
22.2. Tutorial on File and Directory Permissions

file

14.14. Automatic Setup When You Enter/Exit a Directory
22.7. Using chmod to Change File Permission

group : (see groups)

managing : 22.15. Juggling Permissions

modifying files without write access : 22.11. A Loophole: Modifying Files Without Write Access

scripts and : 22.19. Shell Scripts Must be Readable and (Usually) Executable

scripts for changing : 22.10. cx, cw, c-w: Quick File Permission Changes

set incorrectly : 8.1. What the Shell Does

setgid bit and : 22.5. Group Permissions in a Directory with the setgid Bit

sticky bit : 22.6. Protecting Files with the Sticky Bit

umask command and

14.14. Automatic Setup When You Enter/Exit a Directory
22.2.1. User, Group, and World
22.4. Setting an Exact umask

permissions, file

21.14. Automatically Appending the Date to a Filename

(see also encryption; groups)

searching by

17.10. Running Commands on What You Find
17.15. Searching for Files by Permission

personal crontab files : 40.5. Avoiding Other at and cron Jobs

personal files/directories

4.5. Private (Personal) Directories
4.7. Make More Directories!

personal wordlist, ispell program : 29.5. Adding Words to ispell's Dictionary

pgm (graymap) format

defined : 43.25. The Portable Bitmap Package
manipulating : 43.25. The Portable Bitmap Package

phone

on PowerTools disk : 48.2. Online Phone and Address Lists

phone lists, creating : 48.2. Online Phone and Address Lists

phone script : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc

physical memory

running out of

39.5. Why Is the System So Slow?
39.12.2. The Memory Subsystem

pick script

38.13. Interactively Kill Processes Matching a Pattern
52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc

PID (process ID) : 38.16. Why You Can't Kill a Zombie

pipe : (see | (vertical bar))

pipegrep script

27.13. More grep-like Programs Written in Perl
52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc

pipelines

44.7. Exit Status of UNIX Processes
(see also | (vertical bar))
in Bourne shell : 47.2.1.4. More Elaborate Combinations
in C shell : 47.2.1.4. More Elaborate Combinations
exit status of : 44.7. Exit Status of UNIX Processes
starting with cat command : 1.4. Using Pipes to Create a New Tool

pipes

1.3. Programs Are Designed to Work Together
1.30. Redirecting Input and Output
commands joined with : 44.2. Writing a Simple Shell Program
creatig new tools : 1.4. Using Pipes to Create a New Tool
to pagers : 13.4. Problems Piping to a Pager
ps command in : 38.5. The ps Command
redirecting input/output : 13.1. Using Standard Input and Output

pnm graphic format : 43.25. The Portable Bitmap Package

manipulating : 43.25. The Portable Bitmap Package

popd command

7.11. dirs in Your Prompt: Better than $cwd
14.6. The Shells' pushd and popd Commands
14.14. Automatic Setup When You Enter/Exit a Directory

port settings

problems with : 42.4. Checklist for Resetting a Messed Up Terminal

PostScript files

forming signatures : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
multiple pages per sheet : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
psbook program : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
psnup program : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
pstops program : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
rearranging pages : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
selected pages : 43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file

PostScript files:converting : 43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file

PostScript files:fit to bounding box

10n : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities

PostScript files:merging : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities

PostScript files:printing pages from : 43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file

PostScript files:rearranging pages in

10n : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities

PostScript files:rearranging resources in : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities

PostScript files:resizing pages in

10n : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities

PostScript files:utilities for working with : 43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file

Other PostScript Utilities : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities

PostScript format documentation : 52.5.3.4. Installing a Single Program

PostScript source file extension : 1.17. Filename Extensions

pound sign : (see #)

power tools

data-independent : 1.3. Programs Are Designed to Work Together
for editing : 1.6. Power Tools for Editing

Power Tools CD-ROM : 52.1. Introduction

ppm (pixmap) format : 43.25. The Portable Bitmap Package

ppm (pixmap) format, manipulating : 43.25. The Portable Bitmap Package

pr -t -e command : 41.4.1. TAB Is Just Another Character to UNIX

pr command

35.17. Making Text in Columns with pr
43.7. Quick-and-Dirty Formatting Before Printing
43.10. Filename Headers Above Files Without pr
-n option : 25.21. Numbering Lines
-t option : 25.21. Numbering Lines

pre-compiled binaries : 52.5.3. Installing Pre-Compiled Binaries

predefined environment variables : 6.3. Predefined Environment Variables

print command (awk) : 33.11.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands

printenv command

6.1. What Environment Variables Are Good For
6.8. Shell Variables
14.10. Variables Help You Find Directories and Files
52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc

PRINTER environment variable : 6.3. Predefined Environment Variables

printf command : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc

printf command (awk) : 33.11.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands

printf utility : 8.6.1. Portability

printf() format conversions : 45.11. The Multipurpose jot Command

printing

21.14. Automatically Appending the Date to a Filename

(see also typesetting)

banner command : 43.11. Big Letters: banner

banners : 43.11. Big Letters: banner

Berkeley commands for : 43.2.2. Berkeley Printing Commands

breaking long lines : 43.8. Fixing Margins with pr and fold

checking job status : 43.3. Printer Control with lpc

enscript program : 43.22. Converting Text Files to PostScript

filename headers : 43.10. Filename Headers Above Files Without pr

files : 9.5. Build Strings with { }

fold command : 43.8. Fixing Margins with pr and fold

folding lines : 43.8. Fixing Margins with pr and fold

formatting output : 43.7. Quick-and-Dirty Formatting Before Printing

from sc program

49.8. It's Great to Have a Spreadsheet
49.9. Business Graphics with ipl

graphics

49.9. Business Graphics with ipl
(see graphics)

help for : 43.3. Printer Control with lpc

indents

43.7. Quick-and-Dirty Formatting Before Printing
43.9. Indenting Text for Printing

lp spooler, defined : 43.1. Introduction to Printing

lpc controls : 43.3. Printer Control with lpc

lpr spooler, defined : 43.1. Introduction to Printing

macro files for : 43.15. From a Source File to the Printer

margins : 43.8. Fixing Margins with pr and fold

page breaks : 43.7. Quick-and-Dirty Formatting Before Printing

PostScript files : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities

defined : 43.1. Introduction to Printing
forming signatures : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
multiple pages per sheet : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
ps book program : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
psnup program : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
pstops program : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
rearranging pages : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
selected pages : 43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file

pr command : 43.10. Filename Headers Above Files Without pr

pr commands : 43.7. Quick-and-Dirty Formatting Before Printing

preprocessors : 43.15. From a Source File to the Printer

printer destination : 43.4. Using Different Printers

processing path : 43.15. From a Source File to the Printer

psselect program : 43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file

pstext program : 43.22. Converting Text Files to PostScript

quitting : 43.3. Printer Control with lpc

restarting printers : 43.3. Printer Control with lpc

self-printing scripts : 45.4. Fun with #!

SPOOL (Simultaneous Printing Off and On Line) : 43.1. Introduction to Printing

spooling system : 43.1. Introduction to Printing

symbolic links : 43.5. Using Symbolic Links for Spooling

suppressing blank lines : 43.10. Filename Headers Above Files Without pr

System V commands for : 43.2.1. System V Printing Commands

text files as PostScript : 43.22. Converting Text Files to PostScript

to terminal printer : 43.6. Printing to a Terminal Printer

wrapping lines : 43.8. Fixing Margins with pr and fold

priocntl command : 39.9. Know When to Be "nice" to OTher Users...and When

priority

defined in UNIX : 39.9. Know When to Be "nice" to OTher Users...and When

private files/directories

4.5. Private (Personal) Directories
4.7. Make More Directories!

process groups : 38.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts

process ID (PID)

38.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts
38.16. Why You Can't Kill a Zombie

process ID number

examples : 44.12. Trapping Exits Caused by Interrupts

process IDs (PIDs) : 16.16. Picking a Unique Filename Automatically

process substitution : 9.18. Process Substitution

processes

38.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts
(see also child processes)
actions caused by signals : 38.8. What Are Signals?
automatically killing background : 38.17. Automatically Kill Background Processes on Logout in csh
changing the priority of : 39.11. Changing a Job's Priority Under BSD UNIX
cleaning up unkillable : 38.15. Cleaning Up an Unkillable Process
destroying with kill : 38.10. Destroying Processes with kill
displaying all on the system : 38.13. Interactively Kill Processes Matching a Pattern
exit status returned by : 38.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts
in the foreground : 38.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts
interactively killing those matching a pattern : 38.13. Interactively Kill Processes Matching a Pattern
killing : 38.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts
killing all : 38.12. Killing All Your Processes
managing : 38.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts
modifying the scheduling priority of time-sharing : 39.9. Know When to Be "nice" to OTher Users...and When
reducing priority of CPU-bound : 39.9. Know When to Be "nice" to OTher Users...and When
running in the background : 38.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts
stopping : 38.14. Processes Out of Control? Just STOP Them

processes, spawning : 38.2. fork and exec

.profile file

2.2.1. Bourne Shell
2.2.3. Korn Shell
2.8. Identifying Login Shells
2.12. Automatic Setups for Different Terminals
hung terminal and : 5.6. Checklist: Terminal Hangs When I Log In
prompt settings : 7.12. External Commands Send Signals to Set Variables
stty commands in : 5.9. Setting Your Erase, Kill, and Interrupt Characters

program environment

modifying : 44.23. Reading Files with the . and source Commands

program names

error messages including : 44.22. Finding a Program Name; Multiple Program Names

links to

44.22. Finding a Program Name; Multiple Program Names
45.13. Save Disk Space and Programming: Multiple Names for a Program

multiple : 45.13. Save Disk Space and Programming: Multiple Names for a Program

program's total running time

components contributing to : 39.5. Why Is the System So Slow?

programmers, virtues of : 37.3. Three Great Virtues of a Programmer

programs

aborting : 42.2.5. Aborting Programs

awf : 43.17. Don't Have nroff? Try gnroff or awf

ditroff : 43.13. The Text Formatters nroff, troff, ditroff, ...

enscript : 43.22. Converting Text Files to PostScript

gnroff : 43.17. Don't Have nroff? Try gnroff or awf

groff : 43.16. groff

links to : 45.13. Save Disk Space and Programming: Multiple Names for a Program

look : 27.18. Fast Searches and Spelling Checks with "look"

making executable by using # : 45.4. Fun with #!

nroff : 43.13. The Text Formatters nroff, troff, ditroff, ...

macros : 43.14. nroff/troff and Macro Packages

psbook : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities

psnup : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities

psselect : 43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file

pstops : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities

scheduling for periodic execution : 40.12. Periodic Program Execution: The cron Facility

Scribe : 43.12.3. Scribe

TeX : 43.12.2. TeX

time spent running other : 39.5. Why Is the System So Slow?

timing : 39.2. Timing Programs

waiting for input : 42.2.3. Program Waiting for Input?

WYSIWYG programs : 43.12.3. Scribe

programs pstext : 43.22. Converting Text Files to PostScript

programs, timing : 39.2. Timing Programs

prompt character

customizing : 1.9. Which Shell Am I Running?
identifying shell : 44.3.5. Bourne Shell Used Here

prompt shell variable

6.9. Special C Shell Variables
7.2. Basics of Setting the Prompt

PROMPT_COMMAND variable : 7.13. Pre-Prompt Commands in bash

promptpid variable : 7.12. External Commands Send Signals to Set Variables

prompts

backspacing over : 41.5. Why Some Systems Backspace over Prompts
shell prompts : 7.1. Why Change Your Prompt?

ps : 39.12.2. The Memory Subsystem

reporting of network statistics : 39.12.3. The I/O Subsystem

ps -ag command : 38.13. Interactively Kill Processes Matching a Pattern

ps -aux command (BSD UNIX) : 38.5. The ps Command

ps -ef command (System V)

listing produced by : 38.5. The ps Command

ps command

2.16. Approved Shells: Using Unapproved Login Shell
38.5. The ps Command
AIX version of : 38.5. The ps Command
displaying programs : 42.2.5. Aborting Programs
example : 1.14. The Kernel and Daemons
in pipes : 38.5. The ps Command
listing of command output fields : 38.5. The ps Command

ps commands

printing commands in parentheses : 38.7. Why ps Prints Some Commands in Parentheses

.ps filename extension : 1.17. Filename Extensions

PS1 environment variable

6.3. Predefined Environment Variables
6.9. Special C Shell Variables
7.2. Basics of Setting the Prompt

PS2 environment variable

6.3. Predefined Environment Variables
6.9. Special C Shell Variables

psbook program : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities

pseudo teletypes (ptys) : 41.2.1. How We Made It This Far (Back?)

pseudo-terminal : 38.6. The Controlling Terminal

pseudo-terminals (ptys) : 41.8. ptys and Window Systems

psmerge program : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities

psnup program : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities

psresize program : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities

psselect program : 43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file

pstat : 39.12.2. The Memory Subsystem

pstext program

43.22. Converting Text Files to PostScript
52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc

pstops program : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities

PSUtils

43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file
43.24. Other PostScript Utilities

psutils : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc

psychoanalyze-pinhead command : 32.13. An Absurd Amusement

pty : 38.6. The Controlling Terminal

ptys (pseudo teletypes) : 41.2.1. How We Made It This Far (Back?)

ptys (pseudo-terminals) : 41.8. ptys and Window Systems

ptys command : 41.1. Delving a Little Deeper

punctuation in filenames : 1.15. Filenames

purge program : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc

pushd comman : 7.11. dirs in Your Prompt: Better than $cwd

pushd command : 14.14. Automatic Setup When You Enter/Exit a Directory

aliases for : 14.7. Nice Aliases for pushd

pushd commannd : 7.11. dirs in Your Prompt: Better than $cwd

pushd comnmand : 14.6. The Shells' pushd and popd Commands

pushin script

25.13. pushin: Squeeze Out Extra White Space
52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc

pwd command

7.4. Faster Prompt Setting with Built-Ins
14.4. How Does UNIX Find Your Current Directory?

PWD environment variable : 6.3. Predefined Environment Variables

Emacs and : 32.9. Unset PWD Before Using Emacs

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