Internet Draft

Internet Draft
Network Working Group P. Ashwood-Smih
Internet Draft A. Paraschiv
Expiration Date: December 2000 Nortel Networks

June 2000

MPLS LDP Query Message Description

draft-paraschiv-mpls-lsp-query-00.txt

Status of this Memo

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Abstract

This document describes the encoding and procedures for two new LDP
messages, the Query Message and Query-Reply Message. An LER sends a
Query message when it needs to find out information about an LSP. The
Query message is sent for an established LSP. The Query message can
be used for LDP LSPs as well as for CR-LSPs. The queried data is
encoded into the Query-Reply message and partially into the Query
Message.

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Contents

1 Introduction ............................................. 3
2 Overview ................................................. 3
2.1 LDP Overview ............................................. 3
2.2 CR-LDP Overview .......................................... 4
3 LDP Message Structure Overview ........................... 4
4 Query Message ............................................ 5
4.1 Query Message encoding ................................ 6
4.2 Query Message Procedures ................................. 7
4.3 Query-Reply Message encoding .......................... 8
4.4 Query-Reply Message Procedures ........................... 10
4.5 Query TLV ................................................ 10
4.6 Query Label TLV .......................................... 11
4.7 Query Merge Flags TLV .................................... 12
4.8 Label TLV ................................................ 12
5 Acknowledgments .......................................... 13
6 References ............................................... 13
7 Author's Addresses ....................................... 14

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Changes from previous version:

o First revision.

1. Introduction

The original Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) architecture
[MPLS-ARCH] was been defined to support the forwarding of data based
on a label. The MPLS architecture does not assume a single label
distribution protocol. A number of different label distribution
protocols are being standardized. This draft describes the query
mechanism for an LSP or CR-LSP. It specifies procedures and encodings
for the two new messages added for the query mechanism. Extensions
to the RSVP-TE to provide the same functionality are subject for
future study and will be covered in future draft versions.

The two new LDP messages are: Query Message and Query-Reply Message.
The following new TLVs are added to accommodate the encodings for the
new query messages:
- Query TLV
- Query Label TLV
- Query Merge Flags TLV
- Label TLV.

2. Overview

2.1. LDP Overview

Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) defined in [LDP Specification]
contains a set of procedures and messages by which Label Switched
Routers (LSR) establish Label Switch Paths (LSP) through a network by
mapping network layer routing information directly to data-link layer
switched paths. LDP associates a Forwarding Equivalence Class (FEC)
with each LSP it creates. The FEC associated with an LSP specifies
which packets are mapped to that LSP.

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2.2. CR-LDP Overview

As described in [Constraint-Base LSP Setup using LDP], Constraint
Base Routing (CR-LDP) offers the opportunity to extend the
information used to setup paths beyond what is available for the
routing protocol.

3. LDP Message Structure Overview

As described in LDP Specification draft, all LDP messages have the
following format:

0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|U| Message Type | Message Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Message ID |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+ +
| Mandatory Parameters |
+ +
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+ +
| Optional Parameters |
+ +
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

U bit
Unknown message bit. Upon receipt of an unknown message, if U is
clear (=0), a notification is returned to the message originator;
if U is set (=1), the unknown message is silently ignored. The
sections following that define messages specify a value for the U-
bit.

Message Type
Identifies the type of message

Message Length
Specifies the cumulative length in octets of the Message ID,
Mandatory Parameters, and Optional Parameters.

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Message ID
32-bit value used to identify this message. Used by the sending
LSR to facilitate identifying notification messages that may apply
to this message. An LSR sending a notification message in
response to this message should include this Message Id in the
Status TLV carried by the notification message; see Section
"Notification Message".

Mandatory Parameters
Variable length set of required message parameters. Some messages
have no required parameters.

For messages that have required parameters, the required parameters
MUST appear in the order specified by the individual message
specifications in the sections that follow.

Optional Parameters
Variable length set of optional message parameters. Many messages
have no optional parameters.

For messages that have optional parameters, the optional parameters
may appear in any order.

4. Query Message

This sections describes the Query message and its encodings and
procedures. This message is meant to be used to gather information
about an LSP. It can be sent at any time for an established LSP.
The draft currently describes the procedures for the cases when the
Query Message is initiated by the ingress LER. Future versions of
the draft may add the procedures for the query message when issued
from a core LSR or from egress.

The Query Message can be used to gather information about:
- LSRs which form the LSP
- labels along the LSP
- information on what LSRs are merging points along the path
- unused bandwidth (as described in "Improving Topology Data Base Accuracy with LSP Feedback")
- congestion status
- round trip delay
- anything that is needed in the future and can be computed and
encoded in a TLV.

The queried information is going to be encoded in the Query-Reply
message which is sent back by the egress node, as a response to the

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Query message.

4.1. Query Message encoding

The encoding for the Query message is:

0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|0| Query (0x0409) | Message Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Message ID |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Label TLV |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Query TLV |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Hop Count TLV |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Optional Parameters |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

Message ID
32-bit value used to identify this message.

Label TLV
The label associated to the LSP which is queried. This TLV is a
list of Generalized Label TLVs [OPTICAL reference]. The
Generalized Label TLV provides a more generic encoding for
different types of labels. Most of the time the list has one
element; this is the case when the LSP is not tunneled. For
tunneled LSPs, the Label TLV has more that one element; it has to
behave like a label stack (it contains the previous label and the
tunnel's label). See Section Label TLV for more information on
Label TLV encoding.

Query TLV
What to query. See Section Query TLV for encoding.

Hop Count TLV
Specifies the number of LSR hops that can still be traversed
before the message is dropped due to loop detection. It is
initialized to the max value of 255 (or the configured value, if
any). Every LSR that receives the Query Message has to subtract 1
from the Hop Count value. The Query message should be dropped if

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the hop count value becomes zero; a Notification signaling Loop
Detection should be send in reply to the sender of the message.
See [LDP Specification] for Hop Count TLV encoding.

Optional Parameters
This variable length field contains 0 or more parameters, each
encoded as a TLV.

Optional Parameter Length Value

ER TLV var See CR-LDP

The ER TLV is a list of hops. It is used when the Query flag Q3 is
set. Every LSR should add its IP address. The address to be added
should be the outgoing interface address. Addresses are organized as
a last-in-fist-out stack (the first address in TLV is considered the
top). By carrying this TLV in the Query Message and preserving this
order for the hops, we allow the possibility to interwork the Query
Message with the RSVP Path message.

4.2. Query Message Procedures

The LER ingress initiates the Query message. It populates the Query
TLV Parameters according to what kind of information it wants to
gather. The query for an LSP is done by its label. The only data that
the Query Message carries is the list of hops. This way, each node
along the path will have a complete route from source to destination.
This is useful for network management.

Upon receiving a Query Message, an LSR decodes the label to identify
which LSP is queried. If it cannot find the LSP which is using the
label, it sends back a Notification message. Otherwise, it checks
which is the out label which is bound to the queried in-label and
which is the downstream LSR peer. It replaces the in-label from Label
TLV with the out-label used by the LSP. It then passes the Query
message to the downstream peer. When the Query message gets to a
tunnel, it has to be able to handle both the previous label and the
tunnel's label. The Label TLV behaves like a label stack. The
previous label is pushed and the tunnel label is used. At the end of
the tunnel, we need to pop the stack and start substituting the lower
level labels.

Upon receiving the Query message, the egress node has to reply with a
Query Reply Message. This Query-Reply Message contains the Query TLV
which was received in the Query Message. The Query TLV tells the
egress LER which information is being queried and allows intermediate

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LSRs to piggy back their own queried information on the Query reply
message.

4.3. Query-Reply Message encoding

The encoding for the Query-Reply message is:

0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|0| Query-Reply (0x0410) | Message Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Message ID |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Query TLV |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| MessageId TLV |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Hop Count TLV |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Optional Parameters |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

Message ID
32-bit value used to identify this message.

Query TLV
What is to be queried. See Section Query TLV for encoding.

Message Id TLV
The value of this parameter is the message id of the corresponding
Query message.

Optional Parameters
This variable length field contains 0 or more parameters, each
encoded as a TLV. The optional parameters are:

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Optional Parameter Length Value

ER TLV var See CR-LDP
Query Label TLV var See Query Label TLV section
IPV4 specified link feedback TLV See Improving Topology ...
Query Merge Flags TLV var See Query Merge Flags TLV
section

For simplicity we reuse here few TLV types defined for CR-LDP and
LDP. They are:

- IPV4 specified link feedback TLV
- ER TLV
- Generalized Label TLV (used in the Query Label TLV encoding)
- Hop Count TLV.

The IPV4 specified link feedback TLV is used when the Q1 flag from
the Query TLV is set. It is used by the egress LER to encode the
bandwidth. For more information on query flags, Q1, ... Q6, refer to
Query TLV section.

The ER TLV is a list of hops. It is used when the Query flag Q3 is
set. Every LSR should add its IP address. The address to be added
should be the outgoing interface address. Addresses are organized as
a last-in-fist-out stack (the first address in TLV is considered the
top). By carrying this TLV in the Query-Reply Message and preserving
this order for the hops, we allow the possibility to interwork the
Query-Reply Message with the RSVP Resv message.

The Query Label TLV is a list of labels. It is used when the Query
flag Q2 is set. It is populated with the labels used for the path
which is queried. For tunneled LSPs, the Query Label TLV represents a
list of labels associated to the lowest level tunnel.

If Q3 and Q2 flags are set, the labels should be encoded in the same
order as the hops.

Query Merge Flags TLV is a bit mask. It has variable length and every
bit in the mask will correspond to an LSR along the path. Its length
is rounded up to the next byte. If Q6 is set, every LSP along the
path will have to set its corresponding bit in the mask. The bits
have to be set in the same order as the labels and hops. Usually, Q6
is set when Q2 set and/or Q3 set.

For more information for the TLV encodings of the TLVs which are
reused, please see CR-LDP draft, LDP draft and IMPROVING TOPOLOGY
DATA BASE ACCURACY WITH LSP FEEDBACK VIA CR_LDP draft.

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4.4. Query-Reply Message Procedures

A Query-Reply message is initiated by an egress node which receives a
Query message, if the egress is able to identify the queried LSP. If
not (maybe the LSP was just torn down), the egress replies with a
Notification message.

Upon receiving the Query message, the egress node has to reply with a
Query Reply message. The egress node has to encode into the Query-
Reply message a MessageId Tlv. The mapping between a Query and a
Query-Reply Message is done based on the message id. Besides the
MessageId Tlv, the egress has to encode the information that was
queried (bandwidth, path, etc).

After the encoding is done, the query reply message is sent back, on
the reversed path, toward the ingress. Every LSR across the LSP has
to encode its information according to what query flags are set.

4.5. Query TLV

The Query TLV is used to specify the information being queried. The
Query TLV travels in the Query message to the egress node, where it
is copied into a reverse flowing Query Reply message and used by the
egress and intermediate LSRs to know what information is being
queried.

The format for the Query TLV is:

0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|0|0| Query TLV (0x0840) | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Query Flags | Reserved |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

Query Flags can be set according to what the Query is used for.

+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
|Re|Q6|Q5|Q4|Q3|Q2|Q1|
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+

They can be:

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- Q1 : query the bandwidth; if set, the LSR that
receives the Query message has to encode the bandwidth
that is available on the link (unused bandwidth);
- Q2 : query the labels which are associated to each hop in the
path;
- Q3 : query the LSRs which form the LSP which is queried;
if set, the LSR that received the Query-Reply message
has to encode the current hop in the ER-TLV
- Q4 : reserved for congestion status; < format - TBD >
- Q5 : query the round trip delay; if set, the edge egress
LSR should fill in the delay; < format - TBD >
- Q6 : query which LSPs along the path are merging points; if set,
the LSR that receives the Query message has to encode
if it is a merging point; the encoding is done in the
Query Merge flags TLV.

4.6. Query Label TLV

The Query Label TLV is used to encode the labels used along the path
which is queried.

The format for the Query Label TLV is:

0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|0|0| Query Label TLV (0x0841)| Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Generalized Label TLV 1 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
~ ~
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Generalized Label TLV n |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

Generalized Label TLV is used to encode labels along the path. Please
refer to [OPTICAL reference] for more information on the Generalized
Label TLV encoding. If the Q2 flag is set, every LSR has to encode
the out-label corresponding to the queried LSP. In the Query Label
TLV, labels are organized as a last-in-fist-out stack (the first
label in TLV is considered the top). They should be encoded in the
same order as the hops and the merge flags.

Note: The Query Label TLV can use the Label TLV which is defined in
LDP draft. The same note applies to the Label TLV that encodes the
label which is queried.

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4.7. Query Merge Flags TLV

The Query Merge Flags TLV is used to encode the information about
which LSRs along the path the queried LSP is being merged into.

The format for the Query Label TLV is:

0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|0|0| Merge Flags TLV (0x0842) | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Number of merge flags |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Merge flags | | | ~
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
~ ~
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

The Query Merge Flags TLV has 4 bytes field to store the number of
merge flags. This number is equal to the number of LSRs which are
traversed by the Query-Reply Message. Each bit in the Merge flags
field represents the merge info for an LSR. The bit is set to 0 if
the LSR does not do merge for the queried LSP and is set to 1
otherwise. The length is going to be rounded up to the next byte.
Every LSR which is asked to encode the merging info into this TLV has
to update the Number of merge flags and to set its corresponding bit
accordingly. If the Number of merge flags is already multiple of 8,
then a new byte needs to be added to this TLV. The length of the TLV
has to be updated as well.

4.8. Label TLV

The Label TLV is used to encode the label stack of the labels which
are queried (along the queried LSP).

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The format for the Query Label TLV is:

0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|0|0| Label TLV (0x0843)| Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Generalized Label TLV 1 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
~ ~
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Generalized Label TLV n |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

The Label TLV is a stack of Generalized Labels. The top of the stack
is in the right octets of the TLV encoding. The Label TLV has to be
updated every time the Query message is processed by an LSR. The
encoding of the labels should follow the last-in-first-out stack
model.

Generalized Label TLV is used to encode labels. Please refer to
[OPTICAL reference] for more information on the Generalized Label TLV
encoding.

Note: The Label TLV can use the Label TLV which is defined in LDP
draft.

5. Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the careful review and comments
of Jean-Pierre Coupal and Steve Hamilton.

6. References

[CR-LDP] Jamoussi et al., "Constraint-Based LSP Setup using LDP",
draft-ietf-mpls-cr-ldp-03.txt, October 1999

[LDP] Andersson et al., "LDP Specification", draft-ietf-mpls-ldp-07.txt,
May 2000.

[RSVP-RR] Berger L., Gan D., Swallow G., Pan P., Tommasi F., Molendini
S., "RSVP Refresh Overhead Reduction Extensions", draft-ietf-rsvp-
refresh-reduct-04.txt.

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[CR-LDP] Peter Ashwood-Smith et al., "Improving Topology Data Base
Accuracy with LSP Feedback", draft-ietf-mpls-te-feed-01.txt

Ashwood-Smith P., Berger L., "Generalized MPLS-Signaling Functional
Description" draft-ashwood-generalized-mpls-signaling-00.txt

7. Author's Addresses

Peter Ashwood-Smith Antonela Paraschiv
Nortel Networks Corp. Nortel Networks Corp.
P.O. Box 3511 Station C, 600 Technology Park Drive
Ottawa, ON K1Y 4H7 Billerica, MA 01821
Canada USA
Phone: +1 613-763-4534 phone: +1 978-288-6136
petera@nortelnetworks.com antonela@nortelnetworks.com

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