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Term
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Description
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Face-Down
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Refers to an output tray on a printer in which pages are
delivered with the readable side facing down. As each sheet
is placed on top of the last, multi-page documents delivered
to a face-down tray are normally in the correct page order.
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Face-Up
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Refers to an output tray on a printer in which pages are
delivered with the readable side upwards. As each sheet is
placed on top of the last, multi-page documents delivered
to a face-up tray are normally in reverse page order.
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Facsimile (fax)
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The transmission of pictures, maps or other documents via
communications circuits using a device which scans the original
document, transforms the image into coded signals and reproduces
the original document at a distant point.
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Fast Ethernet
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An extension of the Ethernet IEEE standard, IEEE 802.3u,
that defines the transmission of data over copper wire or
fiber optic cable at a rate of 100 Mbps.
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FAV (HAVi)
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FAV is an acronym for Full AV device. This would be a device,
such as a set-top box, that is designed to have Java applications
installed on it, thereby adding specific functionality to
it.
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FCC
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Federal Communications Commission. A board of commissioners,
appointed by the President, having the power to regulate wire
and radio telecommunications in the United States. The government
agency established by the Communications Act of 1934 which
regulates the interstate communications industry.
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FCS
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Frame Check Sequence
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FDMA
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Frequency Division Multiple Access. A digital radio technology
that divides the available spectrum into separate radio channels.
Generally used in conjunction with Time Division Multiple
Access (TDMA) or Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA).
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Feathering
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A term used when describing printed text quality. Feathering
occurs when deposited ink follows the contours of the paper.
Depending on the viscosity of the ink, the rougher the grain
of the paper the more pronounced the feathering will be.
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FEC
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Forward Error Correction. Correction to ascertain extent,
of faulty bits in the received signal.
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FEC
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Forward Error Correction,a methodology that uses error correction
coding to transmission. This is the opposite of ARQ (automatic
repeat request) which uses retransmission of data.
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FFT
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Acronym for Fast Fourier Transform. Converts analog waveforms
into a form that can be easily analyzed for DSP applications.
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FG
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Acronym for Fine pitch ball Grid array package. A leadless,
surface mounted package that is over 50% smaller than traditional
BGA for similar pin counts.
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FHSS
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Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum. A spread spectrum modulation
technique where the transmitter frequency hops from channel
to channel in a predetermined but pseudo-random manner. The
signal is de-hopped at the receiver by a frequency synthesizer
controlled by a pseudo-random sequence generator synchronized
to the transmitter's pseudo-random generator. Quite simply,
frequency hopping is a type of radio communications in which
the transmitter and receiver hops in synchronization from
one frequency to another according to a prearranged pattern.
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Fiber Optic Cables
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Fiber optic cabling is constructed of three concentric layers:
The "core" is the central region of an optical fiber through
which light is transmitted.
The "cladding" is the material in the middle layer. It has
a lower index of refraction than the core which serves to
confine the light to the core. An outer "protective layer",
or "buffer", serves to protect the core and cladding from
damage.
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Field
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The set of alternating lines in an interlaced video frame.
An interlaced frame consists of two fields -- a top field
and a bottom field. A field is one-half of a complete television
scanning cycle (1/60 of a second in NTSC; 1/50 of a second
in PAL/SECAM). When interlaced, two fields combine to make
one video frame.
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FIFO
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Acronym for First In First Out. Type of memory that reads
out data in the order received.
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Filter
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A device used to block or reduce signals at certain frequencies
while allowing others to pass through.
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FIPS
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Federal Information Processing Standards
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FIR Filter
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Acronym for Finite Impulse Response. IP used in DSP applications
used to filter out different frequencies.
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FIR Filter Generator
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A Xilinx tool that helps designers define and design FIR
filters.
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Firewall
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Hardware or software that restricts traffic to a private
network from an unsecured network and helps isolate LAN segments
from each other to protect data resources and help manage
traffic.
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FireWire
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Standard high-speed serial bus. Supports up to 400 Mbps today,
going to 3200 Mbps, and plug-and-play.
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First Print Out Time
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The time taken between a printer receiving the data for the
first page of a print job, and delivering the page to the
output tray. Most printers do not start printing immediately
the data is received, but need a few seconds in which to assimilate
the data, setup the page formatting, and start the motors
which drive the paper path.
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Flash Memory
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Flash memory is a nonvolatile memory that can be programmed
and erased electrically. FLASH is similar to EEPROM technology
but is smaller and newer. It is used for permanent data storing.
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Flip Flop
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A basic logic function that stores the input value of a signal
when triggered by the clock input.
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Floorplanner
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Graphical tool that a designer uses to place logic.
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FM
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Frequency Modulation. An analog modulation technique whereby
the frequency of a carrier is varied to encode information.
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Fmax
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The maximum frequency at which you can operate a logic function
within the device.
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Font
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A collection of characters in a particular typeface, typestyle,
and character set. A bitmap font is normally also defined
by size and orientation.
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Font Cache
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An area of RAM in a printer which is used for the temporary
storage of bitmap fonts which have either been read from hard
disk, or created from outline fonts.
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Footprint
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The geographic area toward which a satellite directs its
signal. Within the footprint of a satellite, the reception
of the satellite signals with high quality is possible, using
a dish of specified size.
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Foundation
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A complete ready to use Xilinx software design environment.
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Foundation ISE
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A complete ready to use enhanced Xilinx software design environment
targeted for HDL designers.
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Four Wire Circuits
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Circuits which use two separate one-way transmission paths
of two wires each, as opposed to regular local lines which
usually only have two wires to carry conversations in both
directions. One set of wires carries conversation in one direction,
the other in the opposite direction.
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Fourier
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One of the great mathematicians whose theory states that
all waveforms can be represented by an infinite summation
of Sines and Cosines.
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FPD
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Flat Panel Displays
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FPGA
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Field Programmable Gate Array. Xilinx Field Programmable
Gate Arrays (FPGA) are SRAM based that use LUTs to generate
logic.
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FPM RAM
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Acronym for Fast Page Mode. Type of DRAM that allows faster
access to data in the same row or page.
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Frame
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In a data communications context this term refers to a variable
length grouping of digital data transmitted between end stations.
These frames include a header containing addressing and control
information. In a telecommunications context, a frame is pattern
appearing regularly, typically every 125 microseconds, in
a transmitted data stream that is used to define the structure
of the transmitted data and to carry control information.
A video frame consists of two interlaced fields of either
525 lines (NTSC) or 625 lines (PAL/SECAM), running at 30 frames
per second (NTSC) or 25 fps (PAL/SECAM). Film runs at 24 fps.
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Frame grabber
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A device which interfaces between a camera and a computer,
and captures a frame of video information sampled into a memory.
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Frame rate
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The speed at which video frames are scanned or displayed
-- 30 frames a second for NTSC, 25 frames per second for PAL/SECAM.
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Frequency
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It is the number of clock cycles occurring per second, is
denoted by Hertz (Hz). The unit of measurement is Hertz, where
1Hertz = 1 cycle/second.
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FSK
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Frequency Shift Keying. A modulation scheme for data communications
using a limited number of discrete frequencies to convey binary
information.
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FTP
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The File Transfer protocol (FTP) provides a way to move data
efficiently from one machine to another.
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Full Custom
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Device technology where all parameters (transistor size,
interconnect, etc.) can be completely user defined.
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Full-Duplex Ethernet MAC
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Full-Duplex is another mode of operation of Ethernet MAC
(Based on IEEE 802.3X) . Full-Duplex bypasses the CSMA/CD
protocol. Full-duplex mode allows two stations to simultaneously
exchange data over a point to point link that provides independent
transmit and receive paths. Since each station can simultaneously
transmit and receive data, the aggregate throughput of the
link is effectively doubled. A 10 Mb/s station operating in
full-duplex mode provides a maximum bandwidth of 20 Mb/s.
A full-duplex 100 Mb/s station provides 200 Mb/s of bandwidth.
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Fuser
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The mechanism in a laser printer which binds the toner to
the paper. Most fusers use hot rollers and fuse the toner
into the paper using heat and pressure, but a few printers
have radiant fusers which fuse using heat alone.
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Fuser Oil
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A temperature resistant oil used on fuser rollers to prevent
toner adhering to the surface of the rollers. On small printers
the fuser oil is normally contained in the fuser cleaning
pad.
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FZP
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Fast Zero Power
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