Product Documentation
PSpice Help
Product Version 17.4-2020, June 2020


Performing Circuit Analysis

Analyzing waveforms with PSpice

PSpice offers integrated waveform analysis functionality for viewing simulation results. Use waveform analysis for circuit performance analysis and data comparison from multiple files.

What is waveform analysis?

After completing the simulation, PSpice plots the waveform results so you can visualize the circuit’s behavior and determine the validity of your design.

Waveform analysis not only displays simple voltages and currents, but also complex arithmetic expressions involving voltages and currents and the Fourier Transform of these expressions. You can also use waveform analysis for Performance Analysis; see Using Performance Analysis for more information.

When a mixed analog/digital simulation runs successfully, PSpice displays analog and digital waveforms simultaneously with a common time base. You can add text labels and other annotation symbols to plots for clarification.

Taken together, simulation and waveform analysis is an iterative process. After analyzing simulation results, you can refine your design and simulation settings and then perform a new simulation and waveform analysis.

PSpice saves two kinds of waveform data file formats: ASCII and binary.

Performing post-simulation analysis of the results

This means you can plot additional information derived from the waveforms. What you can plot depends on the type of analyses you run. Bode plots, phase margin, derivatives for small-signal characteristics, waveform families, and histograms are only a few of the possibilities. You can also plot other waveform characteristics such as rise time versus temperature, or percent overshoot versus component value.

Pinpointing design errors in digital circuits

When PSpice detects setup and hold violations, race conditions, or timing hazards, a detailed message appears along with corresponding waveforms. PSpice also helps you locate the problem in your design.

What are the features of PSpice simulation profiles?

PSpice has the following features in simulation profiles:

Increased reusability of simulation profiles

Previous versions of PSpice allowed you to import settings only from a simulation profile that exists in the same project. You can now create a new simulation profile by importing settings from a simulation profile that exists in another project also. This increases the reusability of simulation profiles. For more information, see Creating a new simulation profile.

Support for profile level configuration

Previous versions of PSpice allowed you to configure model libraries, stimulus files and include files only at the global level (applicable to all designs) or at the design level (applicable only to the design). You can now configure model libraries, stimulus files and include files at the simulation profile level also.

The ability to configure model libraries, stimulus files and include files at the profile level has the following benefits:

Creating a new simulation profile

A simulation profile (*.SIM) saves your simulation settings for an analysis type so you can reuse them easily.

You can use PSpice to create a new simulation profile only by importing settings from a simulation profile that exists in the same project or in another project.

To import settings from an existing simulation profile to create a new simulation profile, do the following:

  1. From the File menu in PSpice, point to New and choose Simulation Profile.
    The New Simulation dialog box appears.
  2. In the Profile name text box, specify a name for the profile (such as the name of the analysis type for the new profile).
  3. Click the Browse button to specify the location and name of an another simulation profile (.sim) to import its settings into the new profile.
  4. Click Create to create the profile and display the Simulation Settings dialog box.
    A new simulation profile is created and can bee seen under PSpice Resources – Simulation Profiles of the project which you had selected to import the existing simulation profile in the Inherit from an existing profile text box.

See the following topics for information on the settings in various tabs of the Simulation Settings dialog box:

General

General simulation settings for simulation profiles

Analysis

Analysis settings for simulation profiles

Configuration Files

Library settings for simulation profiles

Stimulus settings for simulation profiles

Include files settings for simulation profiles

Options

Options for simulation profiles

Data Collection

Data collection options for simulation profiles

Probe Window

Probe windows settings for simulation profiles

Using a simulation profile

You can simulate the circuit using any of the simulation profiles you have created in the project. To use a simulation profile, open it in PSpice or make it active in the design entry program.

To open a simulation profile in PSpice

  1. From the File menu, choose Open Simulation.
  2. Select the <profile_name>.SIM file and click Open.

To make a simulation profile active in Capture

Do one of the following:

The icon indicates an active simulation profile.

Each simulation profile is associated with a schematic. When you select a simulation profile in Capture, the folder for the associated schematic becomes the root schematic folder. When you run PSpice, only the pages in the root schematic folder are netlisted. If the schematic pages in the root schematic folder refer to pages in another schematic folder (as in the case of hierarchical designs), the pages in that schematic folder also get netlisted.

Editing a simulation profile

You can edit an existing simulation profile to change the simulation settings. You can edit the current simulation profile in PSpice. In the design entry program, you can edit the current simulation profile or select the simulation profile you want to edit.

To edit a simulation profile in PSpice

  1. From the Simulation menu, choose Edit Profile to display the Simulation Settings dialog box.
  2. Make the required changes in the Simulation Settings dialog box.
  3. Click OK to save the changes.

To edit the current simulation profile in design entry program

  1. From the PSpice menu, choose Edit Simulation Profile to display the Simulation Settings dialog box.
  2. Make the required changes in the Simulation Settings dialog box.
  3. Click OK to save the changes.

To select a simulation profile you want to edit in design entry program

  1. From the PSpice toolbar in the design entry program, select the simulation profile you want to edit.
  2. From the PSpice menu in the design entry program, choose Edit Simulation Profile to display the Simulation Settings dialog box.
  3. Make the required changes in the Simulation Settings dialog box.
  4. Click OK to save the changes.

See the following topics for information on editing the settings in the tabs in the Simulation Settings dialog box:

General tab

General simulation settings for simulation profiles

Analysis

Analysis settings for simulation profiles

Configuration Files

Library settings for simulation profiles

Stimulus settings for simulation profiles

Include files settings for simulation profiles

Options tab

Options for simulation profiles

Data Collection tab

Data collection options for simulation profiles

Probe window

Probe windows settings for simulation profiles

Deleting a simulation profile

You can delete a simulation profile only from the Capture Project Manager.

To delete a simulation profile

  1. Select the simulation profile in the Capture Project Manager and press Delete
    When you delete a simulation profile, the profile is deleted from the project but the files related to the simulation profile are not deleted from the project directory. You can manually delete the files from the project directory. For example, if you delete a simulation profile named TRAN, you must delete the TRAN folder located at <project_directory>\<design_name>-PSpiceFiles\<root_schematic_name>\.
    If you delete a simulation profile but do not delete the files related to that profile, and later create a profile with the same name for the schematic, Capture displays an error message that a profile with the same name exists. You can overwrite the old profile or create another profile with a different name.

Viewing the simulation queue

Use the Simulation Queue dialog box to set the order of a batch simulation and to view the progress of a batch simulation.

To set up a batch simulation

  1. From the File menu, choose Open Simulation.
  2. Select multiple .SIM or .CIR files by doing one of the following:
    • Press CTRL while selecting to select individual files.
    • Press SHIFT while selecting to select a range of files.
If the files you want to select are located in different directories, click Add in the Simulation Queue dialog box to find them in the various directories. The Simulation Queue dialog box will appear after you click Open (see below).

To set the batch simulation order

  1. After selecting the files for a batch simulation, click Open.
    The Simulation Queue dialog box appears. The file at the top of the Pending Simulations list is set to be simulated first.
  2. To change the order, do one of the following:
    • Select a filename in the list and click either or to move it up or down.
    • Click the Reset button to reset the order.
    • Click Add to add more files to the simulation.
  3. Click the Settings button to display the Simulation Settings dialog box, where you can view or change the simulation profile settings.
  4. Click the Start button to start the simulations.

General simulation settings for simulation profiles

Use the General tab of the Simulation Settings dialog box to specify the simulation input and output files and save a description of the simulation profile.

Profile name

The Profile name text box displays the name of the current profile. You can change the name here.

Input settings

Choose Schematic to have the simulation input come from a Capture design (*.DSN file), or choose Circuit File (*.CIR) to have the simulation input come from a circuit file. For either input type, enter the name of the file in the text box.

For a design-based simulation, also select the name of the top-level schematic page. Use the Analysis tab of this dialog box to enter simulation settings.

For a circuit-file-based design, the Analysis tab settings are unavailable. You can change the simulation settings by editing the commands in the .CIR file. See the PSpice Reference Guide for more information about circuit file commands.

Output settings

In the Output Filename text box, enter a file name (*.OUT) for the simulation output to be saved to.

In the Waveform Data Filename text box, enter a filename (*.DAT) for the simulation waveform data to be saved to.

Use this text box to describe the design or simulation profile.

Analysis settings for simulation profiles

Use the Analysis tab of the Simulation Settings dialog box to define the basic analysis type and set up additional advanced analyses and simulation options.

Analysis Types

From the Analysis Type drop-down list box, select the basic analysis type you want to use. For more information about these, see Setting up analyses.

Analysis Options

Under Options, select an advanced analysis you want to use. See Setting up analyses for more information about these.

Configuration Files Tab

Use the Configuration Files tab of the Simulation Settings dialog box to configure and edit the following:

Stimulus settings for simulation profiles

Use the Configuration Files tab of the Simulation Settings dialog box to configure global, design and profile level stimulus files.

Click Stimulus in the Category field in the Configuration Files tab, and then configure the stimulus files.

Click this button…

To do this…

Browse

Browse directories for libraries to make available to the profile-the selected file name appears in the Filename text box

Add as Global

Add the file listed in the Filename text box to be available to all designs

Add to Design

Add the file listed in the Filename text box to be available to the current design only

Add to Profile

Add the file listed in the Filename text box to be available to the current profile only.

A file added at the design level cannot be added at the profile level also.

Profile specific configuration is available only if the project was created using Capture from release 10.0 and beyond. This feature is also available for the project created using older versions of Capture but converted to the Capture 10.0 format.

Change

Change the selected file with the file specified in the Filename text box

Remove the selected file from the Variant Files list—this does not delete the file from your computer

and

Move the selected file up or down in the Variant Files list.

PSpice locates the stimuli by searching the stimulus files in the order in which they are listed in the Variant Files list. PSpice locates the stimuli by first searching the stimulus files configured at the profile level, then the stimulus files configured at the design level and finally the stimulus files configured at the global level.

You can change the search order only within the files configured at the same level. For example, you can change the search order only within the files configured at the profile level.

Library settings for simulation profiles

Use the Configuration Files tab of the Simulation Settings dialog box configure global, design and profile level model libraries.

  1. Click Library in the Category field in the Configuration Files tab, and then configure the model libraries.

    Click this button…

    To do this…

    Browse

    Browse directories for libraries to make available to the profile—the selected file name appears in the Filename text box

    Add as Global

    Add the file listed in the Filename text box to be available to all designs

    Add to Design

    Add the file listed in the Filename text box to be available to the current design only

    Add to Profile

    Add the file listed in the Filename text box to be available to the current profile only A file added at the design level cannot be added at the profile level also.

    Profile specific configuration is available only if the project was created using Capture from release 10.0 and beyond. This feature is also available for the project created using older versions of Capture but converted to the Capture 10.0 format.

    Change

    Change the selected file with the file specified in the Filename text box

    Remove the selected file from the Variant Files list—this does not delete the file from your computer

    and

    Move the selected file up or down in the Variant Files list.

    PSpice locates models by searching the model libraries in the order in which they are listed in the Variant Files list. PSpice locates models by first searching the model libraries configured at the profile level, then the model libraries configured at the design level and finally the model libraries configured at the global level.

    You can change the search order only within the files configured at the same level. For example, you can change the search order only within the files configured at the profile level.

Library search path

The Library Path text box displays the path that PSpice uses to search for models configured at the global level. You can edit or replace this path by typing a path in this text box, following these rules:

Use a semicolon (;) to separate two path names.

Do not follow the last path name with a semicolon.

Example:

To search first C:\Cadence\SPB_17.4\tools\pspice\library then C:\MYLIBS, type the following:

"C:\Cadence\SPB_17.4\tools\pspice\library";"c:\mylibs"

Include files settings for simulation profiles

Use the Configuration Files tab of the Simulation Settings dialog box to configure and edit include files for simulation.

  1. Click Include in the Category field in the Configuration Files tab, then configure or edit the include files.

    Click this button…

    To do this…

    Browse

    Browse directories for files to include—the selected file name appears in the Filename text box

    Add as Global

    Add the file listed in the Filename text box to be used for all designs

    Add to Design

    Add the file listed in the Filename text box to be used for the current design only

    Add to Profile

    Add the file listed in the Filename text box to be used for the current profile only

    A file added at the design level cannot be added at the profile level also.

    Note: Profile specific configuration is available only if the project was created using Capture from release 10.0 and beyond. This feature is also available for the project created using older versions of Capture but converted to the Capture 10.0 format.

    Edit

    Open the selected file for editing in PSpice.

    Change

    Change the selected file with the file specified in the Filename text box.

    Remove the selected file from the Variant Files list—this does not delete the file from your computer

    and

    Move the selected file up or down in the Variant Files list.

Options for simulation profiles

Use the Options tab of the Simulation Settings dialog box to fine-tune how PSpice performs calculations for analog and gate-level digital simulation, as well as what information to save to the simulation output file (*.OUT).

Option categories

From the Category list, select Analog Simulation, Analog Advanced, Gate-level Simulation, or Output file to display the settings for each option category.

Analog simulation options

Use the Analog Simulation settings to fine-tune analog simulation accuracy, set iteration limits, set operating temperature, and specify MOSFET parameters.

The option names in the text box correspond to the option names used in the PSpice .OPTIONS command. For more information about this command, refer to the PSpice Reference Guide.

Click this button… To do this…

General

Enter values for speed level, tolerances, and minimum conductance.

AutoConverge

Suggest relaxed limits for various options that PSpice can modify during a simulation to achieve convergence.

MOSFET options

Enter values for the default drain area, default source area, default length, and default width.

Advanced options

Enter values for the total transient iteration limit, relative magnitude for matrix pivot, and absolute magnitude for matrix pivot.

The following tables defines all the options in the tab for the Analog Simulation category:

Flag option Meaning

ADVCONV

Enables all convergence algorithms, such as Pseudo Tran, STEPGMIN, and step sources. ON by default.

AutoConverge

Suggest relaxed limits for various options that PSpice can modify during a simulation to achieve convergence.

Restart

Restart the convergence calculation

PREODER

Presorts the matrix diagonal by Markowitz counts.

Options Description Units Default

General section..

SPEED_LEVEL

increases simulation performance by optimizing switching behavior of models. If increase in simulation performance is not needed, set SPEED_LEVEL=0.

-

3

RELTOL

relative accuracy of V and I

0.001

VNTOL

best accuracy of voltages

volt

1.0 uV

ABSTOL

best accuracy of currents

amp

1.0 pA

CHGTOL

best accuracy of charges

coulomb

0.01 pC

GMIN

minimum conductance used for any branch

ohm-1

1.0E-12

Auto Converge section..

ITL1

Maximum number of iterations of convergence calculation during bias point analysis

150.0

ITL2

Maximum number of iterations of convergence calculation during DC analysis

20

ITL4

Maximum number of iterations of convergence calculation at each time step during transient analysis

10

TNOM

Nominal Temperature value

Celsius

27 degrees Celsius

THREADS

When THREADS=0, PSpice uses the number of threads that are equal to the number of cores detected in the system.

When THREADS is anything other than 0, PSpice uses the exact number of threads as specified.

It is recommended to set THREADS to 0 for PSpice to decide the optimal number of threads to be used.

0

PIVTOL

absolute magnitude required for pivot in matrix solution

1.0E-13

MOSFET Section..

DEFAD

MOSFET default drain area (AD).

meter2

0.0

DEFAS

MOSFET default source area (AS).

meter2

0.0

DEFL

MOSFET default length (L).

meter

100.0 u

DEFW

MOSFET default width (W).

meter

100.0 u

Analog Advanced options

Use the Analog Simulation settings to enter values for the total transient iteration limit, relative magnitude for matrix pivot, and absolute magnitude for matrix pivot.

The option names shown in the text box correspond to the option names used in the PSpice .OPTIONS command. For more information about this command, refer to the PSpice Reference Guide.

Click this…

To do this…

General

Enter values for speed level, tolerances, and minimum conductance.

Bias Point

Suggest relaxed limits for various options that PSpice can modify during a simulation to achieve convergence.

Transient

Enter values for the default drain area, default source area, default length, and default width.

The following tables defines all the options in the tab for the Analog Advanced category:

Flag option Meaning

NOGMINI

Specifies not to add GMIN across current sources.

BRKDEPSRC

Sets automatic break-points for behavioral sources.

CONVAID

Generates .1OP file for debugging purpose when convergence fails.

STEPGMIN

Enables GMIN stepping. This causes a GMIN stepping algorithm to be applied to circuits that fail to converge. GMIN stepping is applied first, and if that fails, the simulator falls back to supply stepping.

NOSTEPSRC

Do not run source stepping algorithm for bias point convergence.

NOSTEPDEP

Do not step dependent sources during source stepping algorithm for bias point convergence.

GMINSRC

Enables step GMIN inside source-stepping

PSEUDOTRAN

Uses Pseudo-Transient Method.

Options Description Units Default

ITL5

total repeating limit for all points for transient analysis
( ITL5 =0 means ITL5 =infinity)

-

0.0

PIVREL

relative magnitude required for pivot in matrix solution

-

1.0E-3

PIVTOL

absolute magnitude required for pivot in matrix solution

-

1.0E-13

SOLVER

performance package solution algorithm

(Solver = 0 selects the original solution algorithm;

Solver = 1 selects the advanced solution algorithm)

-

1

DMFACTOR

Sets the relative factor for minimum delta. The value specifies the relative value by which the minimum time step size is changed. The value should be less than or equal to 1 and a factor of 10, such as .1, .001, or .0001.

WCDEVIATION

worst case deviation. It can have double values between 0 and 1.

-

Same as RELTOL

LIMIT

the absolute voltage limit. The default, 0, specifies that there is no limit on data values. You can modify it to a large value, such as 1e12, to eliminate overflow errors, especially when using exponential sources.

-

0

DIODECJO

Minimum value for Diode junction capacitance

ohm

0

DIODERS

Minimum value for Diode ohmic resistance

ohm

0

BJTCJ

minimum value for BJT Base-collector zero-bias depletion capacitance (Cjc), Base-emitter zero-bias depletion capacitance (Cje), and zero-bias collector substrate capacitance (Cjs)

farad

0

GMINSTEPS

the GMIN stepping size in integer (any positive value). Set to 0 for engine default.

-

Same as ITL1

ITL6

the number of steps of the source stepping algorithm. Can have any positive integer value. Set to 0 for engine default.

-

Same as ITL1

PTRANSTEP

number of steps for a pseudo transient analysis to find the operating point. Can be any positive integer value. Set to 0 for engine default.

-

Same as ITL1

method

integration method
(values can be either TRAPEZOIDAL or GEAR)

-

-

TRTOL

tolerance for integration error calculated using transient analysis. It is a relative tolerance where a higher TRTOL value results in bigger time steps and reduced accuracy. The TRTOL value should NOT be greater than 1/RELTOL.

-

7

CSHUNT

shunt capacitance added from all nodes of the design to GND. Recommended value is 1pF.

farad

0

TRANCONV

Enables alternate path search if transient simulation fails.

Gate-level simulation options

Use the Gate-level Simulation settings to set timing, I/O levels for interfaces, drive strength, and error message limits.

Click this button… To do this…

General

Enter values to set delay or initial state in flip-flops or latches.

Advanced options

Enter values for the minimum output drive resistance, maximum output drive resistance, overdrive ratio, default delay calculation, and error message limits.

The following tables defines all the options in the tab for the Gate Level Simulation category:

Flag option Meaning

NOPRBMSG

Suppresses simulation error messages in Probe data file.

DIGMNTYMX

default delay selector: 1=min, 2-typical, 3=max, 4=min/max

-

2.0

DIGINITSTATE

sets initial state of all flip-flops and latches in circuit: 0=clear, 1=set, 2=X

-

2.0

DIGIOLVL

default digital I/O level: 1-4;

-

1.0

DIGDRVF

minimum drive resistance
(Input/Output UIO type model, DRVH (high) and DRVL (low) values)

ohm

2.0

DIGDRVZ

maximum drive resistance
(UIO type model, DRVH and DRVL values)

ohm

20K

DIGOVRDRV

ratio of drive resistances required to allow one output to override another driving the same node

-

3.0

DIGMNTYSCALE

scale factor used to derive minimum delays from typical delays

-

0.4

DIGTYMXSCALE

scale factor used to derive maximum delays from typical delays

-

1.6

DIGERRDEFAULT

default error limit per digital constraint device

-

20.0

DIGERRLIMIT

maximum digital error message limit

-

0

Output file options

Use the Output File settings to select the types of information PSpice saves to the simulation output file.

The following tables defines all the options in the tab for the Output file category:

Flag option Meaning

ACCT

Summary and accounting information is printed at the end of all the analyses (refer to your PSpice User’s Guide for further information on ACCT).

EXPAND

Lists devices created by subcircuit expansion and lists contents of the bias point file.

LIBRARY

Lists lines used from library files.

LIST

Lists a summary of the circuit elements (devices).

NOBIAS

Suppresses the printing of the bias point node voltages.

NODE

Lists a summary of the connections (node table).

NOECHO

Suppresses a listing of the input file(s).

NOMODE

Suppresses listing of model parameters and temperature updated values.

NOOUTMSG

Suppresses simulation error messages in output file.

NOPAGE

Suppresses paging and the banner for each major section of output.

OPTS

Lists values for all options.

NUMDGT

Number of digits in printed values. This is 4 by default.

WIDTH

same as the .WIDTH OUT= statement
(can be set to either 80 or 132)

Default is 80.

Data collection options for simulation profiles

Use the Data Collection tab of the Simulation Settings dialog box to restrict the captured simulation data. This is especially useful for large circuit designs that produce more data than you need for waveform analysis.

You can also set the probe data accuracy from this tab. By default, probe data has 64-bit accuracy but you can choose a lower 32-bit accuracy.

You can choose to apply the options in the table below to apply to Voltages, Currents, Power, Digital or Noise data. For more information on setting these options, see Setting data collection options.

Data Collection Options

Option

Description

All

All data will be collected and stored. (This is the default setting.)

All but Internal Subcircuits

All data will be collected and stored except for internal subcircuits of hierarchical designs (top level data only).

At Markers Only

Data will only be collected and stored where markers are placed.

None

No data will be collected.

Waveform data file format option

Select the Save data in the CSDF format (.CSD) check box to save the waveform data file in the ASCII Common Simulation Data Format instead of in the default binary format.

Probe Data accuracy options

By default, the probe data has 64-bit accuracy. You can set the accuracy by selecting a different radio button for Probe Data. A 64-bit accuracy setting ensures that the output does not have ramps. For example, when a small amplitude voltage is superimposed on a large amplitude voltage, the resolution might be lost, resulting in ramps.

Probe windows settings for simulation profiles

Use the Probe Windows tab of the Simulation Settings dialog box to set up how Probe windows are displayed for a simulation profile.

For more probe window options, see Setting Probe window options.

Probe window display options

Use this option…

To do this…

Display Probe window when profile is opened

Display the Probe windows that were displayed the last time the profile was opened.

Display Probe window:

  • during simulation
  • after simulation has completed.

Display the Probe windows when:

  • the simulation is running, and update the waveforms as the simulation progresses.
  • the simulation is finished.

Show

  • All markers on open schematics
  • Last plot

Show the traces:

  • For all the markers that are placed on currently open designs in the design entry program.
  • That were used the last time the profile was opened.


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